What should teachers do if students are struggling with their native language and English?
-help students master their native language and english
What can ELL parents who don’t speak English do to help their children?
Ensure that students bring completed homework to school
If students do the experiment first and then observe this is what type of learning?
Inquiry
If asked for the most beneficial outcome of the activity you should:
Pick the answer that relates to the objective
If a part of the class has a very low reading level then you should:
Partition the class during instruction
What should you do before a lesson?
Activate prior knowledge
If two students are a two different levels what should you do?
Plan completely different lessons for them
Character trait diagram
Displays the relationship among traits of two characters or the traits of a character and a real person
Cultural responsiveness
Giving students opportunity to discuss their own culture in context of another culture
Should ELL students review their partners reports?
Yes
What would negatively impact ELL learners?
Reducing the length of the report they are required to write
Do students learn speaking or reading skills first?
Speaking
What is the best way to have ELL students successful in reading?
Provide them with graphic organizers that list important words from the articles and online resources
Who should teachers interact with when helping ELL students?
ESOL teacher
How do learning disabled students learn best?
If they are taught words directly in a clear and explicit fashion
Who should teachers interact with when they need help with sped students?
Sped teacher
If a student with emotional disturbance doesn’t know how to act what do you do?
Role play appropriate behavioral strategies in the resource room to model the appropriate strategies in the classroom
When should a non disabled person be presumed to have a disability for discipline purposes under new work state regulation?
Any school personnel specifically expressed concerns about the student to supervisory personnel. Or a parent could have made a prior request in writing.
When should a disabled person be presumed to have a disability for discipline purposes under New York State regulations?
The parent can express the concern verbally
What is the most likely reason a teacher would raise expectations with the classified students?
To increase student participation
What does the ny state education law say about ELL teaching?
The law requires instruction in English unleaded waived by the commissioner if an ELL student is of foreign birth or ancestry. Limits to 6 years
How should teachers ask questions?
To the entire class
Modeling
Demonstrate the behavior students should replicate
How many parents need to be present at the CSE meeting?
Only one, unless the second parent has a written request to be required to attend the meeting
What is the problem with tracking systems?
They have been shown to consistently discriminate against minority students
If you have health information about a student you must
Keep it confidential
When helping during a lesson you always want to focus on the students …….
Strength
Strategies to help ELL students identify details when reading
Graphic organizer and pairing students if they speak the same language
When using multiple intelligence approach the most important issue is….?
The accuracy of the teachers classification of the students
If a student is determined to learn and is showing progress then……
They will develop more quickly
What is better for ELL … explicit definitions or a graphic organizer to organize?
Graphic organizer
If an ELL student is struggling in English but good in science or math what do you do?
Expose student to more rigorous curriculum
If students can converse in English then what should you do to help them with reading skills?
Draw on their spoken English skills
Should ELL students who speak the same language work together or separate.
They should partner up
Should you rely on observations or test scores to measure a students proficiency?
Observations…teachers are with students every day and some students aren’t good test takers
What is a teachers biggest concern with in class internet?
Dangers of internet and monitoring content
Appropriate school response to TBI students
Use of assistive devices including augmentative communication devices – use of external cues such as timers and alarms – gradual return to school slowly increasing over time they need a regular and consistent schedule
What helps ADD students learn?
Patterns
Concussion management and awareness act
Info pamflet on mild TBI must. E distributed to parents if their kids are participating in interscholastic sports or students with TBI
How to control emotionally disturbed students:
Give student passes and when they act out they must give the teacher a pass
What helps LD students learn?
Spatial and bodily kinesthetic learning
What is the legal intent of a functional behavioral assessment?
Strategies that include positive behavioral supports and services to address behavior
Who monitors student attendance?
The teachers
What is the teachers primary responsibility as a classroom manager?
Majority of class time is spent on on-task activities
Constructivist approach
Encourages students to construct their own understanding of concepts – build on their initial responses and use metephors
Home schooling
There are no education requirements
Behaviorism
people’s actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid punishments.
Reinforcement
meant to increase a good behavior; a reward
Punishment
meant to decrease bad behavior
Positive reinforcement
involves giving someone something that he or she wants
Negative reinforcement
taking away something that someone does not want
Positive punishment
involves giving someone something that he or she does not want
Negative punishment
involves taking away something that someone does want
Extinction
decreases the chances of a response to something by withdrawing reinforcement of the behavior; like a reset button
Constructivism
a philosophy of education that says that people construct knowledge through their experiences and interactions with the world
Social learning
learning through interactions with other people
Vyogtsky’s Zone of Proximal Development
people learn best from other people who are just a little ahead of them
Project-based learning (PBL)
focuses on giving an open-ended question and complex problem to a group of students and having them figure out the best solution to the problem
4 Steps to PBL
- Learners are presented with a problem; 2. group develop theories to explain the problem; 3. Learners work independently to come up with solutions; 4. Regroup to compare solutions and develop a plan.
Critical Theory
a philosophy that involves being critical of the prevailing view of society
Critical theory in education
is about questioning how our educational system can best offer education to all people
Problems with access to technology
poorer schools can have a harder time getting technology in the hands of their students; poor students have lower technological fluency than middle- and upper-class students.
Humanism
a branch of psychology related to the theories Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, has at its core the idea that people want to grow and fulfill their ultimate potential.
Self-Directed Learning
involves students learning what they want and need to learn, not what the teacher arbitrarily decides is important.
Extrinsic motivators
things outside of a person that motivate them to do something.
Self-evaluation
thoughtful assessment of one’s own work
lifelong learners
people who continue to learn even after they leave school
Learning
involves storing and accessing information in memory
information processing theory of learning
information from the world around us moves from sensory storage to working memory to long-term memory
working memory
storage of memories that occurred only a few seconds in the past
long-term memory
memories that are stored for a person to access later
cognitive load
having too much information in working memory and not being able to remember anything
chunking
grouping information together to help remember it
Automaticity
process of making a task automatic
Pragmatism
an educational philosophy that says that education should be about life and growth; teachers should be teaching students things that are practical for life and encourage them to grow into better people
practical learning
education should apply to the real world
experiential learning
education should come through experience
Progressivism
the idea that education does from the experience of the child
whole child
teaching students to be good citizens and not just good learners
active learning
curriculum that is guided by the children
Realism
a philosophy started by the ancient Greek writer, Aristotle. It states that there is a true reality, and things exist whether humans perceive them or not.
Educational realism
the belief that we should study logic, critical thinking, and the scientific method to teach students to perceive and understand reality. Heavy emphasis on math and science
scientific method
process of setting and testing hypotheses
inquiry
the ability to formulate a question
Connectionism
an educational philosophy that says that learning is a product of the relationship between stimulus and response
Stimulus
something that causes a reaction
response
a reaction to a stimulus
Edward Thorndike
psychologist in first half of the 20th center who first proposed that connectionism is key to learning. He was the first educational psychologist
Stimulus-response bond (S-R bond)
the connection between stimulus and response, the better a person has learned the lesson.
Law of effect
the first of three laws of connectionism. If a stimulus results in a positive outcome, it strengthens the S-R bond, while if it results in a negative outcome, the S-R bond is weakened.
Law of exercise
the more you do something the better you are at it. ‘Practice makes perfect!’
Law of readiness
S-R bonds are stronger if an individual is ready to learn. That is, a student who is not ready to learn will often not learn, but when a student is mentally prepared to learn, it is likely that they will.
Learner-centered classrooms
Classrooms in which the student is the focus of all activities and learning, with the teacher acting as a facilitator and guide on the side.
Why is it important to know you r students interests and career goals in high school?
So you can tailor your instruction and relationship toward helming them achieve those goals.
learning programs
lessons and activities in the classroom
When designing learning programs, teachers need to make sure they consider several aspects about students, including:
student needs; student backgrounds; student perspectives; and student interests.
In order to create an environment that supports learning for all her students, she needs to pay special attention to several things:
- Curriculum and instruction is determined in response to students’ needs and perspectives.
- Instruction is based on student learner profiles.
- Lessons are designed to build on background knowledge.
Learning activities
events students participate in that support learning, considering the students’ unique needs and perspectives.
differentiate
change up content
learning objectives
topics that are required to cover
learner profile
students’ cultures, genders, learning styles, and other aspects all go into making them who they are and contribute to how they learn
To differentiate for students, a teacher can:
- differentiate teaching methods so different styles of learning, such as tactile and auditory, are incorporated.
- teach in whole and small group situations.
- reinforce learning in one-on-one learning sessions
- Allow students varying methods of showing their understanding of content, such as presentations and tests.
background knowledge
what is already known
schema
thoughts that students already have about a topic
Learner-centered teachers
shift the teacher’s role from being a provider of information to being a facilitator of learnign
Why is learner-centered teaching important?
- You increase each student’s motivation to remain engaged in the learning process
- learner-centered teaching fosters independence
- it allows for individual differences in student learning styles
- social engagement is greatly increased.
Characteristics of learner-centered teachers are
- engages students in the preview, review, and evaluation of work.
- explicitly teaches skills.
- gets students to think about how they learn
- allows students control over their own learning process
- encourages collaboration
collaborative learning environment
students know their own and each other’s strengths and struggles.
Diversity in the classroom
cultural diversity, but also diversity in skills, knowledge, and needs
Who should you consult with if you are struggling to meet a certain student’s needs?
A specialist in the area the student is struggling
How van you learn about your students’ cultural backgrounds?
Talk to the student’s parents and families
self-esteem
self-worth; how someone feels about themselves
role-model
a person who serves as an example that others should imitate
behavior expectations
how the teacher wants the students to act in class
How can teachers be good role-models to promote positive interactions among students?
show respect to students
What should teachers establish that lets students know how they’re expected to act?
behavior expectations
Help ELL students master the number words in their native language and English
The best approach among those given is to help students learn the words from both languages
How to increase motivation among parents to further students’ acquisition of English skills
Work with parents to encourage their children to complete their homework
Inquiry Learning
Do the experiment first and observe approach. posing questions, problems or scenarios
Deductive learning
giving students rules then examples then practice. It is a teacher center approach
Trial and error
a method of problem solving. repeat, varied attempts until success
Inferential learning
people construct new knowledge by thinking
Acquisitive Learning
The desire to increase our own learning and knowledge
Partition the class or create small groups
The best approach to accommodate a range of reading levels
Activate prior knowledge
unlocking what students already know and involves them in the process
Venn diagram
which of the following is the primary way of creating a character trait diagram after reading
appropriate cultural responsive
A collaborative group relates the cultural aspects of the story to cultural aspects of their own culture
learning to read a language take longer than speaking a language
A lag of reading comprehension is most likely because
Images to support learning
Provide visual reference and help students word’s comprehension
Plan complete different programs
What is the best way to help two ELL students with different English proficiency level
Rely more on Darlene’s English language skills during the lesson than Roberto’s English skills
Darlene’s English language level is more advance than Roberto’s level
Enhance the learning of ELL students in the class discussion
Arrange for students to review their partners reports before making a presentation
Which approach would Negatively impact a student’s learning
Reducing the amount of work
ELL student’s lag performance in reading and writing English, we can say that
somewhat higher levels in conversational English skills
Which approach would best help ELL students success in reading comprehension
Provide students with graphic organizers
Designing and implementing the instructional plan for ELL students
Work with the ESOL teacher for instructional strategies
direct explicit instruction
Special ed. students learn best with
Establish a reward system, such as token reinforcement, that rewards continued attention
Help special ed. student maintain interest in the lesson
re-activate special ed student’s participate in class
consult with special ed teacher to create a plan to re-establish participation
When a student have problem to learn a word with an approach, like pronunciation, the best way to help that student is by
using an approach the student feel confortable with like present the words in a list
The best approach is role-play appropriate behavioral stratergies
In order to address the social isolation due to inappropriate behavior
Any school personnel expressed concerns about the student to supervisory personnel
If student acted out violating school rules and the student is not a special ed student, the student may be referred to disability for discipline purposes under the NYS regulations when
dyscalculia disability
unable to understand numbers, concepts, symbols or functions needed for math
consistent calculation results in math
which one is NOT a characteristic of dyscalculia
Increase expectation
increase student’s participation
In English unless waived by the commissioner because an ELL student has a foreign ancestry
When it comes to language of instruction, it is responsibility of the teacher to provide instruction
Economically disadvantaged students typically have fewer enriched learning opportunities
Economically disadvantaged students as a whole tend to have lower achievement scores than other students. The teacher’s most important responsibility in this situation is to realize that
Ask questions of the entire class, and then call on a student
A principal distributes guidelines that describes appropriate classroom questioning techniques. Which of the following most likely describes the teacher’s responsibility
respond courteously to student’s questions
A teacher wants to use effective modeling techniques. The teacher’s most important responsibility in this situation is to
modify the plans to focus on the cultural heritage of the students in the class
A teacher has a class that is culturally and linguistically diverse. Which of the following best describes the teacher’s responsibility in this situation
a second parent may attend only if the first parent submit a written request
When it comes to a second parent to attend a committee on Special education meeting
Make phone calls, write personal notes and initiate a series of home/school letters
What is the best most efficient way to communicate with parents and promote communication
Meet with groups of parents to discuss individual student achievement
Which want is the LEAST appropriate to communicate with parents
tell the parents that the school needs their support and ask them to get out and vote without giving specific choice. they make the choice
The best way to effectively communicate with parents about the school budget. Which of the following is the most appropriate communication a teacher can make to the parents
resulting in minority being in the lower tracks of the tracking system
Minority student standardized test score tends to fall behind
The legal responsibility under NY law the teacher should keep the information to herself because the student information is confidential
Ms Lenoir, a teacher, accidentally view a student health records of a student and concluded that the student has AIDS. the teacher should
Present students with a graphic organizer that contains a main point in the passage with room for the students to write details next to the main point
What is the most helpful way a teacher can help an ELL to identify details from the passage
adapt instruction for students living in these circumstances
Most important issue to consider while planning a lesson for students who are living in foster homes or homeless shelters
ensure that topical, relevant books at appropriate reading levels are available for students
To effectively establish a learning community involving reading books, the teacher should
Visual-spatial
students with high spatial judgement possess the ability to visualize with mind’s eye
Verbal-linguistic
Intelligence display with words and language
Logical-Mathematical
intelligence have the capacity to understand underlying principles of logical system
Bodily-kinesthetic
Intelligence should be generally good at physical activities such as sports, dance, acting, and making things
Gardner multiple intelligence
visual, bodily, verbal, logical
the accuracy of the teacher’s classification of the students
Ms. Anderson meets with her supervisor to discuss the integration of multiple intelligences in a lesson. the supervisor is most likely to think the most important issue is
Design lessons based on students’ learning styles.
Group students by shared interest, topic or ability for assignments.
Assess students’ learning using formative assessment.
Manage the classroom to create a safe and supportive environment.
what is the best way to differentiate instruction
the teacher and visitor meet to discuss the makeup of the class and strategies that could be most effective
What is the best way to the teacher and a visitor can most effectively improve the overall effectiveness of the lesson
It’s ensure students will be prepared with questions during the visit
what is the main advantage of students prepare written questions before the visit of a professional
It gives the student the opportunity to relate his native language to english
What is the advantage when a student tells class the name of the animals in his native language
Provide temporary support to help student achieve a higher level of learning
What is an effective approach of scaffolding to help an ELL student learn english
provide words to the ELL on index cards and have the student arrange in a graphic organizer
what approach is the most effective to to address a vocabulary deficiency
draw on their spoken english skills
What is the most effective approach to promote reading skills among ELLs
it’s actually better for students to speak in their native language. It promotes language skills
When students speak in their native language one can say that
ESOL
English to Speakers of Other Languages to measure basic linguistic and pedagogical knowledge within the context of teaching ESOL in elementary or secondary schools
Partner ELLs with peers that speak the same language.
Which is the most powerful approach for ELLs
It is appropriate because she has the most up to date information of the students
How appropriate is it for Ms. Bora to base her work with ELL students on her own observation and not on the test results
Present students with a graphic organizer to compare the two topics
What is the most effective approach for ELLs to distinguish among two topics
carefully monitor the sites the students visit
What is the most important action for the teacher to take when researching online