Physiology is
What term refers to the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structure
adipose tissue
What type of tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body
Moveable and immovable
What are two types of basic joints
Skin histology
What term refers to the study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue?
stratum germinativum
what is the bottom layer of the epidermis?
What color is eumelanin
Dark brown to black
What type of glands secrete oil?
Sebaceous
What type of ultraviolet radiation is known as burning rays
UVB
What type of lesions change the structure of the tissues and organs
Secondary
What color dye is a common allergen that causes contact dermatitis
Red
What percentage of keratinocytes is the epidermis composed of
95
Keratin is a
Fiberous protein that provides resiliency and protection to the skin.
Hard keratin is found in
Hair and nails
skin or integumentary system
Is the largest organ in the body
Proteins are
The basic building blocks for our body’s tissues
Healthy skin is
Slightly Moist, soft, smooth and somewhat acidic
Acid mantle
Protective barrier made of sebum, lipids, sweat and waters
Barrier function
Is the skins mechanism that protects us from irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss
Fitzpatrick type 3
Hair and eye color for this skin type can vary
What is not a focus of a skin analysis
Skin care products the client uses at home
What is a characteristic of mineral oil
Protects against dehydration
What is a characteristic of mineral oil
Does not react with other chemicals involved in the skins function
What is a characteristic of mineral oil
Helps prevent irritant skin contact
What is not characteristic of mineral oil
Preservatives must be added to keep it fresh and potent over time
What is an example of a inorganic physical sunscreen
Titanium dioxide
How must ingredients be listed on cosmetic labels
Descending in predominance
How should products be stored to make them last longer
In dark containers in cooler temperatures
What term refers to the closed-lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, targeting their delivery to specific tissues of the skin
Liposomes
Inorganic salt used as a buffering agent, neutralizer and pH adjuster
Sodium bicarbonate
What is licorice used for
Treating sensitive skin
What ingredient cools skin, constricts capillaries, has refreshing properties and contains menthol
Peppermint
What is a example of a mildly comedogenic ingredient
Lanolin
Detergent-type foaming cleanser with a neutral or slightly acidic pH
Cleansing gel
What parts of the body are usually bare for facials
Neck and shoulders
What is not a contraindication for a Facial massage
Cancer
Where should you perform kneading type motions
Shoulders
How many times should a brush machine be used on each area of the face
Three times or for about three To five seconds
What should you use to spread a thin coat of wax on a clients legs
Hard Plastic spatula
What type of bikini wax involves removal outside the normal bikini line
American
A pH less than _ is not recommended for salon peels
3.0
What facial feature necessitates the blending of a lighter shade of foundation onto the tip of the nose and between the eyes
Short nose
What type of lips should you outline both the upper and lower lip
Small mouth and lips
Where on the eye should you start when removing artificial eyelashes
Outer corner
When you take your own temperature, you evaluate your own mood
True
A statute is a
Law
joint
Place where bones meet another
Metabolism is
Chemical process that takes place in living organisms through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities
Digestion
Breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical means
Nerves
Whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue through which impulses are transmitted
Heart
Muscular, cone shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system
Lymph
Colorless watery fluid derived from blood plasma as a result of filtration through the capillary walls into the tissue spaces
Defecation
Elimination from the body
Ingestion
Taking food into the body
systemic circulation
This carries the oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart again
Endocrine glands
These release secretions called hormones directly into the bloodstream
Pulmonary glands
This sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated
Reflex
Automatic nerve reaction to a stimulus
Vomer
Flat, thin bone that forms part of the nasal septum
Nasal
Forms the bridge of the nose
Turbinal
Thin layer of spongy bone on the outer wall of the nasal depression
maxiallary
Forms the upper jaw
Palatine
Forms the hard palate of the mouth
arrector pilli muscle
This contracts when a person is cold, causing goose bumps
Intercellular matrix
Fluid found between epidermal cells
Keratin
Fiber protein that provides resiliency and protection to the skin
Fibroblast
Cell stimulator
Acid mantle
Protective barrier made sebum, lipids, sweat and water
Sebum
Oily substance that protects the surface of the skin and lubricates both the skin and hair
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
Stimulates cells to reproduce and heal
Langerhans immune cell
Protects the body from infection by identifying foreign material (antigens)
Barrier function
Skins mechanism that protects us from irritation and intercellular TEWL
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL)
Water loss caused by evaporation on the skin’s surface.
photoepilation
Process that uses intense light to destroy the growth cells of the hair bulb
Hypertrichosis
Excessive hair growth where hair does not normally grow
Epilation
Process of removing hair from the bottom of the follicle by breaking contact between the bulb and the papilla
Hirsutism
Excessive hair growth on the face, arms, and legs. Especially in women
telogen phase
Final, or resting stage of hair growth
Barbae Folliculitis
Infected follicles or ingrown hairs from shaving or other hair removal methods
Sugaring
Ancient method of hair removal that uses a water soluble solution that is easily removed
Electrolysis
Process of removing hair by means of electricity
anagen phase
Growth stage during which new hair is produced
Depilation
Process of removing hair at or near the level of the skin
Thermolysis
Process that destroys the hair by coagulating the papilla through heat
Catagen
Transition stage of hair growth
rhytidectomy
Procedure that removes excess fat at the jawline (facelift)
sclerotherapy
Procedure that minimizes varicose veins and other varicosities by injecting chemical agents into the affected areas
Phenol peel
Strongest peel available
Laser resurfacing
Procedure used to smooth wrinkles or lighten acne scars
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel
Deep peel used for sun damage and wrinkles
blepharoplasty
Procedure that removes fat and skin from the upper and lower eyelids, making them less saggy and crinkled looking
Manual lymph drainage
Procedure that stimulates lymph fluid to flow through the lymphatic vessels
transconjunctival blepharoplasty
procedure performed inside the lower eyelid to remove bulging fat pads
Dermabrasion
Strong exfoliation method that uses a mechanical brush to physically remove tissue down to the dermis
mammoplasty
Surgery that enlarges the breasts or reconstructs them
Abdimnoplasty
Procedure that removes excess fat deposits and loose skin from the abdomen to tuck and tighten the area
Bacteria in the follicles can only live if oxygen is present
False
What can appear on the head of a facial steamer?
White yellow crust. (Mineral deposits)
What is the most common mag lamp magnification
5 diopter
What is not a benefit of high freqquency
Coagulation
What could you use in place of a massage during a facial
Vacuum machine
What types of electrodes could you use in a galvanic machine
Flat and roller
What is the scientific term for HPV plantar warts
Veruca
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)
Stimulates cells to reproduce and heal.
Physiology is the study of
Functions and activities performed by the body structure
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscle from neck to collarbone
What makes up the bulk of the brain
Cerebrum (front upper part of the cranium)
What is the diencephalon made up of
Thalamus and hypothalamus
circulatory system
Delivers nutrients and oxygen to body cells and carries away wastes from cells
pancreas function
Controls insulin and glucagon production
Secondary lesions
Develop in the later stages of disease and change the structure of tissues and organs
Comedone
Mass of sebum, keratin, and debris blocking the opening of a hair follicle (blackhead)
Telangiectasia
Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended blood vessels. (Hormonal imbalance)
Edema is
abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid (swelling)
Anhydrosis
Inability to sweat
Hyperhydrosis
Excessive sweating
Client chart
Used to record the analysis & consultation notes
Melanocytes
cells that produce melanin (everyone has the same amount of melanocytes)
Asphyxia –
any loss of consciousness due to a deficiency of oxygen
Primary lesions include
Macule, Papule, Plaque, Tumor, Urticaria, Vesicle, Bulla, Wheal, Cyst, Pustule
Macule
flat skin lesion with only a color change (freckle)
Papule
Pimple; small circumscribed elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.
Tumor
A mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably.
Vesicle
Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell.
Bulla
Large blister
Wheal
raised red skin lesion due to interstitial fluid (hives mosquito bite)
Cyst
Sac containing fluid
Pustules
pus-filled sacs such as those seen in acne, or pimples
Cataphoresis
Calms or soothes the nerve ending
Anaphoresis
Infuses an alkaline(negative) product into the tissue from the negative pole to the positive pole.
What body system do vascular lesions involve
Circulatory
What type of lesions are in the early stages of development
Primary
Where do steatomas usually appear?
scalp, neck, and back
What color dye is a common allergen that causes contact dermatitis
Red
What causes the itchy feeling that often accompanies contact dermatitis
Histamines
What organ removes waste created by digestion?
Liver
What color will thin or dehydrated skin appear under a woods lamp
Light violet
What type of skin has a blue-white appearance under a woods lamp?
Healthy skin
What phase of hair growth should hair be removed for the MOST effective for long term hair reducton
Anagen
Microcurrent
What is sanitation?
A chemical process reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level.
What is sterilization?
COMPLETELY Destroys all microbial life, incl. spores
- What is Disinfection?
A chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms
What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- What is OSHA responsible for?
Addresses issues relating to handling, mixing, storing and disposing of products.
What is Fungi?
Single celled organisms that grow in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts.
- What are Parasites?
Organism that grow, feed, and shelter on or inside another organism while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism - What is EPA? What do they do?
Environmental Protection Agency. Registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the US.
What is the Circulatory System?
A system that controls the steady circulation of blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.
What is the endocrine system?
specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body
What is the Excretory System?
Group of organs that purify the body by elimination of waste matter
What organs are in the excretory system?
Kidneys, Liver, Skin, Large Intestine and Lungs
What is the Respiratory System?
Body system that enables breathing, supplies the body with oxygen + eliminates carbon dioxide as a waste product.
What type of skin do light emollients contribute to?
Oily Skin
What type of skin do heavy/thick emollients contribute to?
Dry Skin
What Skin Type would benefit most from an Oatmeal Mask?
Acne Prone Skin
- What Skin Type responds best to a Clay Mask?
Oily Skin - What type of mask draws out impurities?
Clay Mask - What does Tapotement do to the skin?
Stimulates blood flow, helps release nutrients to nourish the skin. - What does Petrissage movements consist of?
Kneading, Squeezing and Pinching which stimulates underlying tissue
What Skin condition is Ozone (O3) most beneficial for?
Acne and Problematic Skin
What are the 11 Systems of the Body?
Respiratory (Breathing)Endocrine (Hormones)Nervous (nerves)Integumentary(Skin)Human Digestive System (Digestion)Muscular (Movement)Lymphatic (lymph)Reproductive (Sexual Organs/ reproduction)Uninary(Stores/eliminates urine)Excretory (Excretion)*Circulatory (Blood flow)
What are the 9 Major Organs?
Brain, Eyes, Kidneys, Lungs, Liver, Skin, Stomach, Heart, Intestines
Why is soap not good as a facial cleanser?
The PH is too high and disrupts the healthy balance of the skin.
- What is a contraindication for the steamer?
Couperose or inflamed skin because it dilates the capillaries and follicles causing more redness. - Spa Grade Disinfection Products must be , , ,.
Bactericides, Fungicidal and Virucidal - True or False: Isopropyl alcohol must be used at a concentration of 70% or more?
True
What is the concentration mix for Blood and Body fluid when disinfecting with Household Bleach(5.25%)?
One and 3/4ths cups of Household Bleach (5.25%) to 1 Gallon of water. (also known as 10% Bleach Solution)
What is chemistry?
The science that deals with composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions.
- What is used to stop minor bleeding?
Styptic Powder
What is matter?
Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)
What are elements?
The simplest form of chemical matter and only contains 1 type of atom.
What are atoms?
The basic unit of matter
What are molecules?
A Chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions
What is “organic”?
Natural Sourced Ingredients that are grown without the use of pesticides or chemicals
- Where do you store disinfected items?
In a closed container - What is a contraindication for Hair Removal?
- Client using Accutane
- Client with any open wounds
- Client who recently had a chemical peel
- What is Herpes Simplex Virus 1?
Viral infection that consists of vesicles on a red swollen base, Cold Sores and Fever Blisters? - According to TDLR, where can chemicals not be stored in your salon?
The Restroom - How often are salons inspected according to TDLR?
once every 2 years - What is the minimum amount of sinks a residential spa must have?
2.
What are the 2 types of currents?
Direct + Alternating
Define a conductor.
Any material that conducts electricity
Ex: Metal, Copper, Ordinary Water (lakes and rivers).
Define a Non Conductor.
Material that does not conduct electricity .
Ex: Rubber, Silk, Wood, Glass, and cement
Should you place your Fire Route in a Conspicuous Place?
Yes
- What is Tinea?
A contagious condition caused by fungal infection.
*It is not a parasite
- What is another name for good bacteria?
non-pathogenic
What do we do to stop the spread of Pathogens?
Follow Disinfection and Exposure Incident protocols
A device used to direct an electric current from an electro therapy device to the clients skin?
Electrode
What Refers to the poles of an
electrotherapy device?
Polarity
What symbol and color is
an Anode?
Symbol (+), Red
What symbol and color is
a Cathode?
Symbol (-), Black
All living things have____?
Carbon
- What is Galvanic Current
used for?
Hint: also called Phoresis
To infuse water-soluble
products into broken skin. - What device is used to
STERILIZE instruments?
An Autoclave
Is LED Light an acceptable
form of Sterilization?
No
What face shape is 3/4ths
as wide as it is long?
The ideal Oval face
~On all make-up questions, the idea is to make all other face
shapes look oval or as similar as possible.
How do you make your
lips look larger?
Wear a lighter color.
What face shape has
more width at the
forehead and checks, then
narrows at the chin?
Heart shape
What face shape is widest
at the cheekbones?
The Round Face
What face shape is widest
at the forehead, the jaw,
and the checks.
Square
What is Camouflage
Makeup used for?
To hide pigmentation
issues such as under-eye
discoloration, acne, scars
- What color corrects
redness?
Green color corrector
If a client wants to get
eyelash perming and
eyelash tinting, which
should go first?
Eyelash perming
What are free radicals?
An atom or molecule that
has one or more unpaired
electrons.
What Combats Free
Radicals, free radical damage, and sun exposure
Antioxidants
~Most popular antioxidants are Vitamin A(Retinol), Vitamin C,
Vitamin E
What are your skin
functions?
Protect,
Excretion,Sensation, Heat
Regulation, Absorption
What are the layers of the
skin?
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous Tissue
What are the layers of the
Epidermis?
Hint: Starts with the word Stratum (5) layers
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinativum
Come Let’s Get Sun Glowed
What are the 2 Layers of
the Dermis?
papillary -above
reticular -below
What are the 2 duct
glands housed in the
Dermis ?
Sebaceous Glands
(Secrete Oil)
Sudoriferous Glands
(Secrete Sweat)
What is the difference
between Primary Lesions
and Secondary Lesions?
Primary are flat,non palpable changes
in in skin color or elevation with fluid inside.
Secondary are piles of material on the
skin surface like a scab or a depression in the
skin.
What is the difference
between a Papule and a
Pustule?
A papule is a skin
elevation without pus,
and a pustule is a skin
elevation that contains
pus.
- What is Acne?
An inflammatory skin
disorder of the sebaceous
glands.
What type of scale is a PH
Scale?
Logarithmic Scale
- What is Impetigo?
a bacterial
infection that is highly
contagious and can only be corrected by a Medical Professional. not an esthetician.
What is the difference
between Hypopigmentation
and Hyperpigmentation?
Hyperpigmentation is the
overproduction of
pigment where as Hypopigmentation
is the lack
of pigment.
- When you have
developed a allergy to
products you often use in
your spa, this is a form of?
Contact dermatitis - What is Atopic (or seborrheic)
Dermatitis?
A chronic, relapsing form
of dermatitis that consist
of excess inflammation
from allergies.
What is psoriasis?
itchy skin disease characterized
by red patches covered with whitesilver
scales; caused by an many
cells replicating too fast
What is Folliculitis?
Hair growing beneath the
skin(ingrown hairs)
causing a bacterial
infection.
- What are characteristics
of Rosacea?
Visible Vessels and skin
sensitivity such as
redness. It can also
advance to pustular-type
Breakouts
What are 4 Types of Skin?
Normal
Combination
Oily
Dry
What is a Skin Condition?
Your skin’s current status
due to extrinsic and intrinsic
factors.(sun exposure,
Puberty, inappropriate skin
care.
What is Skin Type?
Classification that
describes the skin a person
was born with. (Normal, Oily,
Dry)
What does the
fitzpatrick scale
measure?
The skins type’s ability
to tolerate UV exposure
In the United States, who
is responsible for ensuring
the safety of cosmetics?
Food and Drug
Administration (FDA)
What does not affect the
appearance of the skin but
are necessary to the
product formulation?
Hint: Lotion, Cream, Gels
Functional ingredients
True or False?
Oils, Fatty acids, fatty
alcohols, fatty esters and
silicon are types of
emollients
True
Cleansing waters are good for…
All skin types
Cleansing gels are good for…
All skin types
Cleansing lotions are good for…
Normal + dry skin types
Cleansing creams are good for…
Dry skin types
Cleansing oils are good for…
All skin types
What are chelating agents used for?
Used to boost the efficacy of preservatives in skincare products.
Highly concentrated plant oils used for their natural aroma>
Essential Oils
Define “lipids”
Fat, oils, + waxes. Can be natural or synthetic.
What is the removal of the dead skin on the epidermis?
Exfoliation
What provides gentle exfoliation + dissolve keratin proteins to make skin softer/smoother, as well as maintain the hydration level of the epidermis ?
Enzymes
What are polymers used for?
Vehicles that release ingredients onto the skin’s surface at a microscopically controlled rate
What does Retinol (Vitamin A) do for the skin?
Helps damaged cells to mature normally, encourages skin exfoliation, stimulates cell proliferation and brightens.
What should be used to apply lashes?
Tweezers
- Where are the appropriate body parts for patch testing and what is the wait time?
The inner arm near the elbow, or behind the ear. 24 Hour wait time.
What ingredients are needed for mature skin?
-Ceramides
-Humectants
-Emollients based on skin type
-Vitamin C
-Peptides
-Retinoids
What is the purpose of a mask?
Allows estheticians to treat several skin conditions at the same time, and are beneficial for at home care.
- The technique of manually removing comedones from follicles is called __?
Extractions
What does a massage achieve on a client?
Promotes relaxation, stimulates blood circulation, helps muscle tone, cleanses skin of impurities, softens sebum, helps slough off dead skin cells, helps relieve muscle pain and provides a sense of well being.
What are good treatments for dry skin?
Hydrating and exfoliating treatments.
What are good treatments for aging/mature skin?
Hydrating + Revitalizing skin, providing skin analysis often, have a consistent anti-aging focused treatment plan
What are good treatments for sensitive skin?
Cold compresses! Gentle cleansers, avoid stimuli that could trigger a negative response
What are treatments for oily skin?
Deep cleansing, purifying products, galvanic current, steam + oil controlling BHA’s.
How should you treat skin with acne?
Eliminate Black Heads, thorough cleansing mask
that include AHA and BHA, Extractions must be done gently without pain.
What are the different types of facial massage movements?
Petrissage, Tapotemnet, + Effleurage
What skin type is Dr. Jacquet Massage movement best for?
Oily skin
What is electrotherapy?
Devices that enhances facial
treatments.
- What is the most Common magnification for Magnifying lamps (Loupe)?
5 Diopters (5 x 10 magnification= 50 times the magnification) - Under the Wood’s Lamp, what color is Healthy/Normal Skin?
Blue + White - What is a rotary brush used for?
Light manual exfoliation of the skin - How long does it take for a steamer to heat up?
5-10 minutes - How far from the face should a steamer be placed?
15-18 inches from the face - _ Is a good medium for a vacuum machine?
Water. *NOT oil - When do you use galvanic current?
Use this When you need to prepare the skin for extractions or to assist in delivering targeted products to the
skin.
True or False: Desincrustation done by Galvanic Current emulsifies the sebum and
debris in the follicle.
True
- How does iontophoresis (galvanic) work?
Uses Electric Current to introduce water-soluble
solutions into the skin. - In what direction do you apply and remove soft wax?
Apply in the direction of the hair, and remove in the
direction against the hair. - What is something OSHA would not regulate?
gender role behaviors
Define physiology
The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living
organisms and their parts.
- Where would you find your clients approval for you to perform a service on them?
Consent Form - Where would a record of previous treatments,
medication, and contraindications be found?
The intake form - What does MSDS stand for?
Material Safety Data Sheet - Who protects clients health safety and welfare?
State regulatory agencies
What is the study of microbes called?
Microbiology
True or False? You must be at least 17 years old to obtain an Esthetics license.
True
True or False? 1 hour of Sanitation and 3 hours of industry related topics must be completed in order to renew your license.
True
True or False? An application must be submitted to obtain a license.
True
True or False? A fee is NOT required before receiving your license.
False
True or False? A high school diploma is required to become eligible for an Esthetics license.
True
True or False? EPA registered disinfectants do not need to be bactericidal or fungicidal.
False
True or False? A licensee may perform services on clients with ringworm, conjunctivitis and swollen infected skin.
False
True or False? All equipment, implements, tools and materials shall be properly cleaned and disinfected in accordance, prior to servicing the client.
True
It is required that the Esthetician wash their hands with _ prior to performing any service on a client.
soap or liquid hand sanitizer
True or False? A total of 750 hours is the only requirement to qualify for an Esthetician license.
False
What is the phone number of TDLR?
1-800-803-9202
What is the cost of the written examination?
$50
- What is the cost of the practical examination?
$72 - A person holding an esthetician specialty license may perform only the practice of cosmetology defined in Sections 1602.002 (a)
(4), (5), (6), (7), and (10). - Describe the 5 practices estheticians are allowed to perform under TDLR Regulations.
4 : cleansing/stimulating/massaging a person’s scalp, face, neck, or arms.
5 : beautifying a person’s face, neck, or arms using cosmetic preparation
6: administering facial treatments
7: removing superfluous hair from a person’s body using depilatories, precautions, or chemicals, tweezers
10: applying semi-permanent, thread-like extensions composed of single fibers to a person’s eyelashes
*A temporary license expires after _ days.
60
- A speciality license expires after _ years.
2
Under the wood’s lamp, what color is oily skin?
Orange
Under the Wood’s Lamp, what color is thin/dehydrated skin?
Light Violet
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