FRESENIUS PCT EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 200
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS|ALREADY
GRADED A+
What is crenation? – ANSWER- Shriveling of red blood cells. Caused by too
HIGH concentration of sodium in dialysate.
For post treatment lab work, what must the BFR be turned down to and how long?
- ANSWER- BFR=100 for 15 seconds.
What lab is evaluated to determine adequacy of treatment? – ANSWER- BUN
levels.
What happens when conductivity is high? – ANSWER- Blood cells will Crenate.
What is Hemolhysis? – ANSWER- Repture of red blood cells.
What is convection? – ANSWER- transfer of heat and solutes in a liquid.
What does Convection do in Dialysis? – ANSWER- Solutes move across the
dialyzer membrane with the movement or “drag” of water.
more water removed – more solutes are removed
What is Hemolysis caused by? – ANSWER- HYPOtonic solutions, High temps,
Chemical exposure, Kinks in blood line
Why do paitents become Hypoglycemic? – ANSWER- Blood sugars are removed
during treatment.
What are some signs/symptoms of Hypoglycemia? – ANSWER- Faintness, double
vision, hunger, irritability
What is HIGH FLUX? – ANSWER- When membrane has a larger pore than
conventional.
What are anatomical structures of the urinary system in order to urine to flow? –
ANSWER- 2 Kidneys -> 2 Ureters -> Bladder -> Urethra
What is a Solution? – ANSWER- A mixture of solute and solvent
What is a Solvent? – ANSWER- Fluid that dissolves solute
What is a Solute? – ANSWER- Substance that can be dissolved.
What is Concentration? – ANSWER- How much of a solute is fully dissolved in a
solution.
What happens when dialysate flow is turned off during treatment? – ANSWERPatient’s blood is not cleaned and adequacy will decrease.
What do you do when the Venous Chamber is clotting during treatment? –
ANSWER- Venous blood lines need to be changed out.
From what compartment is fluid removed? – ANSWER- Intravascular Space
What is Adequacy of Dialysis? – ANSWER- measure of how well we are cleaning
waste from our patient’s blood.
What should the KECN number be during treatment? – ANSWER- # should be less
than BFR.
NORMAL=100-300
POOR CLEARANCE= LESS THAN 150
**it is impossible to remove waste faster than blood pump speed
What is conductivity? – ANSWER- The measure if solution is: Hypotonic,
Hypertonic, or Isotonic
What is bradycardia? – ANSWER- Abnormally slow heart rate
How many milliliters of saline do you need at all times? – ANSWER- No less than
300ml
What happens if Potassium leaks out in the blood? – ANSWER- Patient could go
into Cardiac Arrest
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? –
ANSWER- usually within 30 minutes.
What is a Graft? – ANSWER- device in arm with and an Artery and Vein are put
together.
What is a Solution in the body? – ANSWER- Blood
When does Dialysis take place? – ANSWER- When Homeostasis is done and
Equilibrium is reached.
List all components that make up Dialysate. – ANSWER- Water-Acid-Bicarb
What is the universal solvent? – ANSWER- Water
What is homeostasis? – ANSWER- Constant balance of H2o and chemicals.
What is equalibrium? – ANSWER- Same level of H2o and Solutes- in all the fluid
spaces- ALL the time
What does TMP stand for? – ANSWER- Transmembrane pressure
What does TMP do? – ANSWER- Measurement of pressure across the dialyzer
membrane.
What does ECC stand for? – ANSWER- Extracopporeal Circuit
What does the ECC do? – ANSWER- The circuit is an extension of the patient’s
blood OUTSIDE the body.
What is Filtration? – ANSWER- Process of trapping particles by passing a fluid
through a filter.
What is Ultrafiltration? – ANSWER- Traps even smaller particles.
What is the pH range? – ANSWER- 6.9 – 7.6