HESI A2 V2 Biology Exam-with 100% verified solutions-2023-2024

HESI A2 V2 BIOLOGY Exam-with 100% verified solutions-2023-2024 1. A patient receives an antibiotic for symptoms of the flu. Why doesn’t the medication work? a. The medication is for a different type of flu. b. The medication is not suitable for treating the flu. c. The medication is not a strong enough dosage amount to cure the patient. d. None of the above The correct answer is B. Antibiotics are used for treating bacterial infections, but the flu is caused by a virus. Although symptoms can be similar in case of a cold (bacteria) or the flu (virus), viruses cannot be treated using antibiotics. 2. The nucleus is important in a cell because: a. It stores the DNA b. It supports the cell c. It makes protein d. It makes energy out of food The correct answer is A. The nucleus is the “brain” of the cell and stores the DNA. A cell wall supports the cell (only if it is a plant). The ribosomes make protein and the mitochondria makes energy. 3. Cellular respiration happens so that a. Cells can copy DNA b. Cells can breathe c. Cells can convert nutrients to energy d. Cells can divide The correct answer is C. The term respiration typically triggers thoughts of breathing, but in this case, it is referring to the process cells undergo to convert nutrients into ATP. Copying DNA is transcription and translation. Cells themselves cannot breathe. Cell division is mitosis or meiosis, depending on the type of cell. 4. Anaerobic respiration happens in _ because _ . a. Animals; they need energy b. Plants; they use sunlight c. Bacteria; they live in environments with low oxygen. d. None of the above The correct answer is C. Animals and plants both use aerobic respiration because they have access to oxygen. Bacteria typically live in environments with little to no oxygen and must still produce energy to survive. 5. All bacteria are bad and always cause infections. a. True b. False The correct answer is B. Bacteria can be good, such as the bacteria in the intestines. This bacterium can become problematic if it travels to a location other than where it belongs. Pathogenic bacteria are bad and can cause infections, but not all bacteria are this type.

6. Which of the following is not true about antibiotics? a. They can interfere with the bacteria’s ability to survive b. They can affect how bacteria multiply c. They can cause more bacteria to grow d. They only work on bacteria The correct answer is C. Antibiotics only work on bacteria by either blocking its ability to grow or multiply, or completely killing the bacteria cells. 7. Prokaryotic cells: a. Have a nucleus b. Have a capsule c. Have membrane bound organelles d. Cannot move on their own The correct answer is B. Prokaryotic cells are simple, single celled organisms. They do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles. This type of cell can move on its own with a flagella or small hair-like fibers. 8. Select the cell parts that are present in plant cells but not animal cells (there may be more than one answer): a. Cell membrane b. Cell wall c. Ribosome d. Chloroplast The correct answer is B and D. Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane and ribosomes, however only plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts. The cell wall is necessary for maintaining the shape and structure of the plant. Chloroplasts are necessary for photosynthesis. 9. Epithelial tissue can be found in: a. Organ lining b. Heart muscle c. Tendons d. Spinal cord The correct answer is A. Epithelial tissue is found in skin and all of the linings within the body. Heart muscle is muscle tissue, tendons are connective tissue and the spinal cord is nervous tissue. 10. What are the three types of muscle tissue? a. Cardiac, spinal, stomach b. Smooth, skeletal, cardiac c. Neuron, epithelial, collagen d. None of the above The correct answer is B. Smooth muscle is found in organs like the stomach, where it is involuntarily controlled. Skeletal muscle is found in voluntary muscles, like the bicep or quadriceps. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart walls and works involuntarily to make the heart beat and pump blood.
7. Which type of tissue is fat? a. Connective b. Muscle c. Nervous d. Epithelial The correct answer is A. Fat is a type of loose connective tissue called adipose. Its job is to cushion organs. Fat is not made of muscle cells, neurons or epithelial cells. 12. What type of cells have a cell membrane? a. Prokaryotic only b. Eukaryotic only c. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic d. None of the above The correct answer is C. Cell membranes are present in all types of cells. Its purpose is to hold in the fluids and other components of the cell and protect against external substances and invaders. 13. How is the plasma membrane arranged? a. In a single layer made of proteins b. In a double layer made of proteins c. In a single layer of phospholipids d. In a double layer of phospholipids The correct answer is D. The plasma membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer that has two layers of phospholipids. The hydrophilic phosphate heads face the outside of the layers and the fatty acid tails face inward, since they are hydrophobic. 14. The head of a phospholipid: a. Is water loving b. Is water fearing c. Is on the outer side of the layer d. Both A and C The correct answer is D. The phosphate head is on the outer part of the bilayer because it is hydrophilic, which means that it can be in contact with water and not react. 15. Cytokinesis happens so that: a. DNA can duplicate b. Organelles can convert energy c. Bacteria can be killed d. Daughter cells can divide The correct answer is D. Cytokinesis happens at the end of mitosis. DNA has already duplicated during mitosis. Cytokinesis must happen so that they cell can divide into the daughter cells. 16. Animal cells use which of the following methods to divide? a. Contractile ring b. Cell plate c. Both d. None of the above The correct answer is A. Animal cells are soft and squishy, which allows them to be pinched apart by a contractile ring, unlike rigid plant cells that must build a cell plate to divide.
8. Why can animal cells use a contractile ring but plant cells cannot? a. Plant cells can use both ways to divide b. Animal cells divide faster so it needs to pinch apart c. Plant cells are too rigid to use a contractile ring The correct answer is C. Animal cells are soft and squishy, which allows them to be pinched apart by a contractile ring, unlike rigid plant cells that must build a cell plate to divide. 18. DNA bases include all but which of the following? a. Adenine b. Thymine c. Uracil d. Cytosine The correct answer is C. Uracil is a base found only in RNA. 19. RNA bases include all but which of the following? a. Adenine b. Thymine c. Uracil d. Cytosine The correct answer is B. RNA uses uracil in place of thymine. Uracil would pair with adenine. 20. Choose the two bases that are purines: a. A b. C c. T d. G The correct answer is A and D. Adenine and guanine are purines, which have two carbon rings. 21. Choose the two bases that have two carbon rings: a. A b. C c. T d. G The correct answer is A and D. Adenine and guanine have two carbon rings and are called purines. 22. C and T are known as: a. Purines b. Pyrimidines c. Both d. None of the above The correct answer is B. Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines which have one carbon ring. 23. Select the option that best shows complementary base pairing in DNA: a. A and G b. A and C c. A and A d. A and T The correct answer is D. A purine (A) must pair with a pyrimidine (T). This eliminates options A and C. Adenine can only pair with thymine because of their shape and bonding ability.
9. Select the strand of DNA that would match this segment: ACTTGCA a. TGAACGT b. GACCATG c. ACTTGCA d. None of the above The correct answer is A. Purines must pair with pyrimidines in a specific way. A must pair with T; C must pair with G. So the complementary segment is TGAACGT. 25. DNA is stored in: a. The nucleus b. Ribosomes c. Endoplasmic reticulum d. Mitochondria The correct answer is A. Ribosomes produce proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum carries proteins to other parts of the cell. Mitochondria breaks down sugar to create energy. The nucleus stores the DNA and controls the cell. 26. Enzymes can _ reactions a. Catalyze b. Inhibit c. Stop d. None of the above The correct answer is A. Enzymes help to speed up reactions, not to inhibit or stop them. 27. Enzymes are typically _ _. a. Fats b. Proteins c. Sugars d. Neurons The correct answer is B. Enzymes are usually made of proteins, but a few can also be RNA. 28. Which of the following is not true about enzymes? a. They catalyze reactions b. They raise the activation energy needed c. They have an active site d. They are typically proteins The correct answer is B. Enzymes catalyze reactions, have an active site and are typically proteins. They also lower the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur, not raise it. 29. Epithelial cells are: a. Polarized b. Neutral c. Larger than other cells d. None of the above The correct answer is A. Epithelial cells have a top and bottom side, which shows that they are polarized. These sides (apical and basal) serve different purposes.
10. The apical side of an epithelial cell: a. Is exposed to fluid or air b. Is on the bottom side of the cell c. Does not allow any substances to pass through d. None of the above The correct answer is A. The apical side of an epithelial cell is the top side. This is the side that is either exposed to fluids or the air, or the inside of an organ. The bottom side of the cell is called the basal side. The apical side allows certain substances to pass through it. 31. Which of the following organisms would not have eukaryotic cells? a. Bacteria b. Dog c. Human d. Onion The correct answer is A. Dogs, humans and onions are all multi-cellular organisms which have eukaryotic cells. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that have prokaryotic cells. 32. Cells need to use exocytosis because: a. They need to get energy b. They need to protect against invaders c. They need to remove waste d. They need to divide The correct answer is C. Cells get energy through cellular respiration. Cells protect themselves with a cell membrane. Cells divide using cytokinesis. Exocytosis uses small vesicles to release either waste or substances for the body. 33. A child is sick. They have a body temperature that exceeds 37ºC. The body senses this and begins to sweat in order to lower the temperature. What is this an example of? a. Positive feedback loop b. Negative feedback loop c. Both d. None of the above The correct answer is B. A negative feedback loop works to return the body to homeostasis. In this example, the body identified a higher temperature, so it sent messages to the brain to signal for the body to sweat, which helps to cool the body and lower the temperature. 34. Homeostasis is necessary because a. It maintains temperature b. It maintains pH c. It maintains glucose levels d. All of the above The correct answer is D. Homeostasis is the tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable, relatively constant internal environment. This includes maintaining temperature, pH levels and glucose levels.
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35. A pencil measures 8cm long. What is this in mm? a. 80 mm b. 800 mm c. .8 mm d. .08 mm The correct answer is A. When changing from centimeters to millimeters, the decimal point moves one place value to the right. It takes 10 millimeters to make 1 centimeter, so it would take 80 millimeters to make 8 centimeters. 36. A scientist needs 12 mL of a solution. They have a bottle with 0.12L in it. Do they have enough? a. Yes, they have exactly what they need b. Yes, they have more than what they need c. No, they do not have enough d. None of the above The correct answer is B. 1 liter has 1000 milliliters in it. In order to convert from milliliters to liters, the decimal point would move three places to the left. So, the bottle has 120 mL of solution, a lot more than required 12 mL. 37. The purpose of the mitochondria is: a. Control the cell b. Create energy c. Create proteins d. Package waste for removal The correct answer is B. The nucleus controls the cell. The mitochondria create energy. The ribosomes create proteins and lysosomes package waste. 38. Which organelle is responsible for making proteins? a. Ribosome b. Chloroplast c. Lysosome d. Mitochondria The correct answer is A. The ribosomes create proteins. Chloroplasts convert sunlight to energy. Lysosomes package waste. The mitochondria create energy. 39. Which of the following is false? a. Animal cells use lysosomes to break down old cells b. Animal cells use chloroplasts to gain energy c. Plant cells have a cell wall to maintain structure d. All of the above are true The correct answer is B. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts since they cannot synthesize energy from sunlight. Only plants can do this.
36. Which of the following is always true about molecules? a. They can travel through all cell membranes b. They move from low concentration to high concentration without using energy c. They move from high concentration to low concentration without using energy d. They cannot move The correct answer is C. Molecules cannot travel through all types of membranes and they can move. Particles move from high to a low concentration to reach equilibrium. Molecules cannot move from a low to high concentration without outside energy like Active Transport. 41. This type of passive transport uses proteins that change shape to move a target molecule through the membrane: a. Diffusion b. Carrier proteins c. Channel proteins d. None of the above The correct answer is B. Diffusion allows substances to move through the membrane in order to reach equilibrium. Channel proteins allow substances to flow through the membrane. Carrier proteins must change shape to allow only specific target molecules through the membrane. 42. Phenotype refers to the _ of an individual. a. Genetic makeup b. Actual physical appearance c. Recessive alleles d. None of the above The correct answer is B. Genotype is the term for the actual genetic makeup of the individual, whereas phenotype is the physical expression of the genetics. 43. When the genotype consists of a dominant and a recessive allele, the phenotype will be like the _ allele. a. Dominant b. Recessive c. Both d. Neither The correct answer is A. The dominant allele will be expressed in the phenotype in most basic cases. If there is codominance, both traits may be expressed. 44. The fur color in a population of dogs is controlled by two alleles: black (B) and tan (b). The black allele exhibits complete dominance. If the phenotype of the dog is tan fur, what is its genotype? a. BB b. Bb c. bb d. Not enough information The correct answer is C. Tan fur is the recessive trait, which means that both alleles must be recessive i.e. bb.
37. Using the information in #44, what would the phenotype be if the offspring is Bb? a. Black b. Black and tan c. Tan d. Not enough information The correct answer is A. The black allele exhibits complete dominance, so even though the dog has one allele for black and one for tan, the black with show in the phenotype. 46. Listed below are the steps in the scientific method. Put them in the correct order: a. Ask a question. b. Test the prediction. c. Make an observation. d. Make a prediction based on the hypothesis. e. Form a hypothesis, or testable explanation. f. Use the results to make new hypotheses or predictions The correct answer is A, C, E, D, B, F. The scientific method in correct order is: Make an observation. Ask a question. Form a hypothesis, or testable explanation. Make a prediction based on the hypothesis. Test the prediction. Use the results to make new hypotheses or predictions. 47. Which of the following is the best example of a hypothesis? a. Dogs like treats b. Red is the best color c. If I eat 100 donuts, then I will feel sick d. If a plant is exposed to red light, then it will show less growth than natural light. The correct answer is D. Option A and B are biased statements and could be opinion based. Option C uses personal pronouns, which is not scientific. Option D shows an action, followed by a prediction that is testable without using personal pronouns. 48. Tonicity refers to the movement of: a. Water b. Solute c. Cells d. None of the above The correct answer is A. Water moves across the membrane to attempt to reach equilibrium. The cells and solute do not move. 49. If a hard-boiled egg is placed in a beaker of salt water, then the egg will: a. Expand because water will move into the egg b. Shrivel because water will leave the egg c. Will remain the same d. None of the above The correct answer is B. The beaker of salt water has a higher concentration of solute, so that water from the hard-boiled egg will move to the salt water in an attempt to reach equilibrium. This will cause the egg to shrivel or shrink.
38. Using the example in #49, which type of solution is the egg placed into? a. Hypertonic b. Isotonic c. Hypotonic d. None of the above The correct answer is A. Hypertonic refers to a solution with too much solute (higher solute concentration), so the water moves out into the solution. 51. Which of the following is true of the Krebs cycle? a. It is a redox reaction involving proteins produced during glycolysis b. It is a redox reaction involving sugars produced during glycolysis c. Protons are passed along a gradient to produce ATP d. It is also known as the glycolic acid cycle The correct answer is B: The two smaller sugars produced from the larger sugar during glycolysis are used during the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) 52. Which of the following is true of Glycolysis? a. It requires the absence of Oxygen b. It occurs in the presence of Oxygen c. It is the final step of fermentation d. It is the final step of anaerobic respiration The correct answer is B: Glycolysis is an aerobic respiration pathway 53. The three main events of the haploid cell cycle are: a. DNA replication, mitosis, and cytokinesis b. DNA replication, meiosis, and cytokinesis c. DNA replication, cytokinesis, and degradation d. Mitosis, meiosis, and apoptosis The correct answer is A. Haploid cells undergo mitosis rather than meiosis. 54. The difference between diploid and haploid is as follows: a. Diploid organisms are multicellular. Haploid organisms are single cellular b. Diploid cells are somatic. Haploid cells are gametes. c. Diploid cells have two sets of homologous chromosomes. Haploid cells have one set of unpaired chromosomes. d. More than one of the above is true. e. None of the above is true. The correct answer is D. Both B and C are true. 55. The phases of mitosis include: a. Prophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase b. Prophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and cytokinesis c. Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase d. Prophase, interphase, prophase, anaphase, and telophase
    The correct answer is C. Prophase is not a phase of mitosis. 56. During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope disintegrate? a. Prophase b. Prophase c. Prometaphase d. Metaphase e. Anaphase The correct answer is C. 57. Which is true of gametes? a. They are diploid cells b. They are haploid cells c. They are somatic d. A & C are true e. B & C are true 58. The correct answer is B. Gametes do not contain two pairs of homologous chromosomes and are not somatic. Which of the following is true of heterozygous traits? a. They are haploid b. They are denoted AA c. They are denoted aa d. They are denoted Aa e. More than one of the above is true 59. The correct answer is D. Heterozygous traits contain one dominant and one recessive form of the gene. Which of the following is true of homozygous traits? a. They are haploid b. They are denoted AA c. They are denoted aa d. They are denoted Aa e. More than one of the above is true The correct answer is E. Heterozygous traits contain the same form of the gene. Either B or C are correct choices. 60. Which is true of the term Phenotype? a. It is the genetic code b. Phenotype determines genotype c. Genotype determines phenotype d. Genotype, epigenetic factors, and environmental factors determine phenotype The correct answer is D.
39. Optical Microscopy a. Utilizes scanning electrons b. Utilizes visible light c. Utilizes dye for samples d. More than one of the above is true. The correct answer is D. Both B & C are correct choices. 62. The procedure to focus an image using a compound microscope involves a. Adjusting the coarse adjustment each time a new magnification is selected b. Adjusting the fine adjustment each time a new magnification is selected c. Adjusting the stage each time a new magnification is selected d. All of the above e. None of the above The correct answer is E. The coarse adjustment is only adjusted during the focusing step of the lowest magnification. The fine adjustment may be altered as each new magnification, but this is only as needed. The stage is only adj Hesi A2 Biology Exam Question And Answers 1. Which movement requires carrier protein but noo direct cellular energy? Facilitated transport 2. Which term denotes the movement of glucose molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentreation? Active transport 3. Plasmolysis is a term describing? Cellular shrinkage, which occurs when cells are immersed in hypertonic solurion 4. The movement of substances from lesser concentration to higher concentration is called? Active transport 5. Which particular structure is present in both eucaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Cell membrane 6. Plant cells differ from animal cells in? The plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells do not 7. Which cell type is characterized by the lack of true nucleus and the absence of membrane-bound organelle? Prokaryotic cell 8. Which organelle is associated with hydrolytic enzymes and is sometimes reffered to as a “suicide bag” Lysosomes 9. Pinocytosis is the process of? Enclosing a liquid substance in a membrane and secreting it into the cell
40. The plasma membrane of the eurokaryotic cell determines selectively which substances can enter and leave the cell. Such a membrane is said to be ? Selectively permeable 11. What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls? Microtubule and microfilaments 12. Which pair of organelles is responsible foe energy supply to eurokaryotic cells? Chloroplast and mitochondria 13. Whit which organelle is the synthesis of ATP associated? Mitochondrion 14. The plasma membrane is soluble to? Lipids 15. The process whereby muscle cell produce lactic acid is called? Fermentation 16. During aerobic respiration, which one of the following substances is released? 36ATP 17. Noncyclic-photophosphorylation takes place inside the? Thylakoids 18. The dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place in ? Stroma 19. Aerobic cellular respiration is more important to sustaining life than anaerobic because it produces? More energy 20. Which organelle is responsible for oxygen production? Chloroplast 21. An organic catalyst that enhances the chemical reaction is called ? An enzyme 22. The first stage of aerobic cellular respiration is? Glycolysis 23. Glycolysis occurs in the ? Cytoplasm 24. For the aerobic pathway, electron transport systems are located in the ? Mitochondrion 25. Codominance occurs when? Both the alleles in a heterozygote are expressed phenotypically in a individual 26. Mitosis in a single human cell usually results in the formation of ? 2 diploid cells 27. Meiosis in a single human cell usually results in the formation of ? 4 haploid cells 28. If you reproduce sexually, you produce gamets via? Meiosis 29. If you reproduce asexually, you produce offspring via? Mitosis
41. What type of allele is expressed in the phenotype of only a homozygous individual? Dominant 31. The sex of a human child is determined by the sex chromosome from? The father 32. Cell division occurs most rapidly in? Cancerous tissue 33. Which blood type would be a universal donor? O 34. Passage of water through the membrane of a cell is called ? Osmosis 35. Which term includes all others? Organism 36. The kreb cycle produces? CO2 and H2 37. The presence of which substance is most important for all cell activity ? Water 38. The basic structure of a cell membranes is a ? Protein-impregnated phospholipid bilayer 39. Cytoplasmic structures that contain powerful hydrolysis enzymes, which could lead to cell destruction in the absence of surrounding membranes, are? Lysosomes 40. Organic substances made up of several amino acids bound together are? Proteins 41. The smallest known microorganisms are? Viruses 42. The end product of protein metabolism is ? Amino acids 43. Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood as ? Glucose 44. The substance basic to life is? Proteins 45. The body obtains most of its nitrogen from ? Proteins 46. The basic unit of living organism is ? Cell 47. The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is known as ? Osmosis 48. The process in which carbon dioxide and water are combined under the influence of light in green plants is called ? Photosynthesis
42. A protein substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction is called ? Enzyme 50. Amino acids that cannot be manufactured by the body are called ? Essential amino acids 51. The body’s continual response to changes in the external and internal enviroment is called ? Homeostasis 52. The ability of a cell to reproduce is called ? Mitosis 53. The part of the cell necessary for reproduction is the ? Nucleus 54. Proteins are polymers of ? Amino acids 55. In cellular metabolism glycolysis ? Does not require O2 56. Cellular proteins are synthesized in ? Ribosomes 57. In eukaryotic cells, the phase of division that produces two daughter cells is ? Cytokinesis 58. Some substances are transported across cell membranes by proteins known as ? Permeases 59. The cellular organelle where respiratory reactions for the release of energy occurs is a ? Mitochondrion 60. The most efficient cellular respiratiry process, in terms of energy- yield per molecule of glucose, is ? Aerobic respiration 61. A cellular organelle found in typical plant cells but not in typical animal cells is the ? Chloroplast 62. Every cell contains ? A cell membrane and cytoplasm 63. The two organic substances present in chromosomes are ? Protein and nucleic acid 64. Genes may be defined as ? Functional segments of chromosomes 65. The dense mass of ribonucleic acid found within the nucleus is the ? Nucleolus 66. The endoplasmic reticulum may be described as a ? Series of membranes in the cell’s cytoplasm 67. The lysosomes of a cell contain many ? Digestive enzyme 68. The mitochondria of the cell are best known as the organelles where ?
    Energy is released from food molecules 69. The flagella of human cells cause ? Cell movement 70. During the process of diffusion Molecules moves from a region of high concentrarion to one of low concentration 71. The plasma membrane is a semipermeable membrane because it ? Lets only certain molecules through 72. In active transport, chemical substances move from a region of low concentrationto one of high concentration, and therefore they require ? An expediture of energy 73. Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which? The cell takes particulate matter into itself 74. Virtually all chemical reactions of the cell are catalyzed by ? Enzymes 75. The energy is released from an ATP molecule when ? The terminal phosphate group is released 76. Interphase is the phase of a cell cycle in which ? The cell performes its unique functions 77. Chromatids, chromosomes, and chromatin are all simillar to one another because ? All contains DNA 78. The codon is a three-base group of nucleotides that specifies ? An amino acid 79. Protein synthesis in the cell could not occur in the absence of ? Amino acid molecules 80. A molecules of messenger RNA contains ? Exons but no introns 81. Which of the following is the structure of the male reproductive system that stores spermatozoa during the maturation process? A) vas deferens B) scrotum C) epididymis D) testicular artery 82. Which of the following types of hormones stimulates a chemical response to a target cell by diffusing through the cell membrane to bind to the receptors inside the cell? A) fat-soluble hormones B) amino acid derivatives C) hydrophilic hormones D) water-soluble hormones 83. Which of the following is an example of human error in an experiment?
    A) an imperfectly calibrated scale B) contaminating a sterile sample by breathing on it C) a draft in the laboratory slightly changing the temperature of a liquid D) failure to account for wind speed when measuring distance traveled 84. Within the biologic hierarchic system of organization, which of the following is least inclusive? A) phylum B) order C) kingdom D) species 85. In the scientific process, which of the following is a statement or explanation of certain events or happenings? A) hypothesis B) observation C) experiment D) conclusion 86. Why is polarity the most important characteristic of water? A) the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties B) the results of the polarity are covalent bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties C) the results of the polarity are ionic bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties D) the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties 87. Athletes are often concerned with the question of what they need in their diets to increase muscle mass and strength. What biologic molecule would you recommend that would accomplish this? A) carbohydrates B) proteins
    C) lipids D) nucleic acids 88. Which organelle would you expect to be present in a cell responsible for detoxifying multiple molecules? A) rough er B) smooth er C) lysosome D) golgi apparatus 89. A cell from heart muscle would more than likely contain an unusually high proportion of: A) lysosomes B) mitochondria C) mRNA D) ribosomes 90. The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism is: A) product B) respiration C) metabolism D) synthesis 91. A cell that does not contain membrane-bound organelles or a defined nucleus would be classified as: A) eukaryotic B) embryonic C) prokaryotic D) symbiotic 92. The two catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production are: A) fermentation and protein synthesis B) cellular respiration and glycolysis C) fermentation and glycolysis
    D) cellular respiration and fermentation 93. Which part of cellular respiration produces the greatest amount of ATP? A) electron transport chain B) glycolysis C) citric acid cycle D) fermentation 94. When plants do not receive enough water, their photosynthetic rate drops. This is because: A) water is a raw material for the light reactions in photosynthesis B) carbon dioxide is not available C) water provides the carbon atoms used to make sugar D) not enough oxygen is produced to keep fermentation running 95. How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction? A) asexual reproduction results in all cells being identical to the original cell; sexual reproduction results in half of the cells being identical to the original cell B) asexual reproduction results in two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation C) sexual reproduction involves two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation D) sexual reproduction involves one cell that yields all cells produced to be identical 96. Why is it important for cells to undergo mitosis? A) mitosis allows for reproduction with male and female gametes B) mitosis increases variation within the species C) mitosis produces cells that are different from the parent cell D) mitosis produces cells for growth and repair of body tissue 97. 72 chromosomes undergo meiosis. How many chromosomes will be in each gamete? A) 18 B) 36 C) 72
    D) 144 98. Which of the following shows how information in transformed to make a protein? A) DNA-RNA-protein B) gene-chromosome-protein C) ATP-amino acid-protein D) RNA-DNA-protein 99. Which of the following describes the gene in which one allele takes a different form from another? A) phenotype B) heterozygous C) homolog D) homozygous Cells and Tissues Practice Worksheet Use the word bank below to write the name of the organelle with its correct function. Word bank: Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, Golgi bodies, chloroplasts, vacuoles, lysosome 1. Protects and supports the cell 2. Produces proteins _ 3. Controls what comes in and out of the cell _ 4. Receives proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them to be redistributed _ _ 5. Home to the cell’s organelles _ 6. Breaks down sugar molecules to create energy _ 7. Captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food for cells _ 8. Houses DNA _ _ _ 9. Carries protein and other materials from one part of the cell to another _ 10. Storage area for cells 11. Breaks down old cells 12. List two organelles from above that are found only in plants: and
    For the following statements, answer true or false: 13. Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. _ 14. Eukaryotic cells are in bacteria. _ 15. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. _ 16. Epithelial cells are in the heart. _ 17. All muscle tissue is voluntarily controlled. _ 18. Cell membranes are a single layer. _ 19. Connective tissue includes tendons. _ 20. Nervous tissue is made of neurons. _
    Genetics For the following statements, answer true or false: 1. DNA is found in all cells, even viruses. _ 2. DNA and RNA have the same bases. _ 3. DNA and RNA have the same purposes. _ 4. Purines have two carbon rings. _ 5. Pyrimidines have two carbon rings. _ 6. Purines bond to other purines. _ 7. Phenotype is not physically shown. _ 8. DNA forms a single helix. _ 9. DNA is made up of lipids. _ 10. DNA is made up of nucleotides. _ For the following strands of DNA code, write the matching nucleotide sequence. 11. CGTAAGCGCTAATTA 12. TCTTAAATGATCGATC 13. AATGAATAGCTAGCTT For each of the genotypes below, determine what phenotypes would be possible. Use the statement provided to decide the phenotypes. 14. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. PP Pp _ _ pp _ 15. Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes bb _ BB Bb _ _
    Metric Conversions 1. 712 g = _ kg 2. 222.7 L = _ dL 3. 16.45 m = _ cm 4. 39.56 g = _ mg 5. 10.5 g = _ kg 6. 3.54 mg = _ dg 7. 28.6 g = _ hg 8. 910 m = _ dm 9. 0.006700 kg = _ cg 10. 1488 cm = _ hm 11. Ethan lives at one end of Park Avenue. Brian lives at the other end of the avenue. It is 5.8 kilometers from one end of Park Avenue to the other. If Ethan walks 2.79 kilometers towards Brian’s house, how many more METERS does he have to walk to get there? 12. Devin had chicken pox and had to stay inside even though he didn’t feel very bad at all. He decided to make a cake to surprise his mother. The recipe said he needed 4 deciliters of milk. How many LITERS of milk did he need? 13. Aaron and Noah wanted to have a contest to see which of their paper airplanes could fly the longest distance. Aaron’s plane flew 4 meters. Noah’s plane flew 79 centimeters. How much further did Aaron’s plane fly in METERS?
    Biological Processes Write the name of the process that applies to the statements below. Word bank: Anaerobic Respiration, Cytokinesis, Homeostasis, Passive Transport, Exocytosis 1. Most commonly performed by bacteria and archaea _ 2. The tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable, relatively constant internal environment 3. Waste products are carbon dioxide and ethanol 4. Occurs when oxygen is not present _ 5. Uses a contractile ring to divide cells 6. Cells need to release molecules, such as waste and proteins, to the outside environment 7. Uses a cell plate to divide cells 8. A cleavage furrow occurs because of a contractile ring 9. Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release the materials 10. A type of cellular respiration 11. Typically involves negative and positive feedback loops 12. Begins as mitosis is ending 13. Temperature, pH, glucose levels and other values are all maintained by this process. 14. The simplest form of transport across the membrane _ 15. Does not require the cell to use any energy to move substances 16. Uses the electrons from the fuel molecules to pass through the electron transport chain, which drives ATP synthesis 17. The final stage of cell division 18. Substances naturally move from high concentration to low concentration 19. Include selective permeability, channel proteins, channel proteins, and facilitated diffusion 20. Form of transport in which materials are transported outside of the cell in membrane- bound vesicles _
    Enzymes and Tonicity 1. The substance with which an enzyme reacts is its _ . 2. Is an enzyme “used up” by the reaction it catalyzes? Explain. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3. In what way does an enzyme affect the reaction it catalyzes? How does the enzyme produce this effect? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Match the description with the osmotic conditions mentioned below: A. Isotonic B. Hypertonic C. Hypotonic 4. solution with a lower solute concentration. 5. solution in which the solute concentration is the same. 6. condition plant cells require. 7. condition that animal cells require. 8. red blood cell bursts (cytolysis). 9. plant cell loses turgor pressure (plasmolysis). 10. solution with a higher solute concentration. 11. plant cell with good turgor pressure. 12. solution with high water concentration. Label the tonicity for each solution (isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic). 13. _ _ 14. _ 15. 16. _ _ 17. _ 18. _
    ANSWER KEY: Cells and Tissues 1. Protects and supports the cell Cell wall _ 2. Produces proteins _ Ribosomes_ 3. Controls what comes in and out of the cell Cell membrane 4. Receives proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them to be redistributed Golgi bodies 5. Home to the cell’s organelles Cytoplasm 6. Breaks down sugar molecules to create energy Mitochondria 7. Captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food for cells Chloroplast 8. Houses DNA Nucleus_ 9. Carries protein and other materials from one part of the cell to another Endoplasmic reticulum 10. Storage area for cells Vacuole_ 11. Breaks down old cells Lysosome 12. List two organelles from above that are found only in plants: Chloroplast and Cell wall 13. Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. False 14. Eukaryotic cells are in bacteria. False 15. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. True 16. Epithelial cells are in the heart. False 17. All muscle tissue is voluntarily controlled. False 18. Cell membranes are a single layer. False 19. Connective tissue includes tendons. True 20. Nervous tissue is made of neurons. True
    ANSWER KEY: Genetics 1. DNA is found in all cells, even viruses. False 2. DNA and RNA have the same bases. False 3. DNA and RNA have the same purposes. False 4. Purines have two carbon rings. True 5. Pyrimidines have two carbon rings. False 6. Purines bond to other purines. False 7. Phenotype is not physically shown. False 8. DNA forms a single helix. False 9. DNA is made up of lipids. False 10. DNA is made up of nucleotides. True 11. CGTAAGCGCTAATTA GCATTCGCGATTAAT 12. TCTTAAATGATCGATC AGAATTTACTAGCTAG 13. AATGAATAGCTAGCTT TTACTTATCGATCGAA 14. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. PP Purple Pp Purple 15. Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes pp White bb _ Blue _ BB Brown Bb _ Brown
    ANSWER KEY: Metric Conversions 1. 712 g = 0.712 kg 2. 222.7 L = 2227 dL 3. 16.45 m = 1645 cm 4. 39.56 g = 39560 mg 5. 10.5 g = 0.0105 kg 6. 3.54 mg = 0.0354 dg 7. 28.6 g = 0.286 hg 8. 910 m = 9100 dm 9. 0.006700 kg = 670 cg 10. 1488 cm = 0.1488 hm 11. Ethan lives at one end of Park Avenue. Brian lives at the other end of the avenue. It is 5.8 kilometers from one end of Park Avenue to the other. If Ethan walks 2.79 kilometers towards Brian’s house, how many more METERS does he have to walk to get there? Solution: (5.8 – 2.79) km = 3.01 km = 3010 m 12. Devin had chicken pox and had to stay inside even though he didn’t feel very bad at all. He decided to make a cake to surprise his mother. The recipe said he needed 4 deciliters of milk. How many LITERS of milk did he need? Solution: 4 dL = 0.4 L 13. Aaron and Noah wanted to have a contest to see which of their paper airplanes could fly the longest distance. Aaron’s plane flew 4 meters. Noah’s plane flew 79 centimeters. How much further did Aaron’s plane fly in METERS? Solution: Aaron’s plane = 4 m, Noah’s plane = 79 cm = 0.79 m Aaron’s plane flew further by (4.0 – 0.79) m = 3.21 m
    ANSWER KEY: Biological Processes 1. Most commonly performed by bacteria and archaea Anaerobic respiration 2. The tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable, relatively constant internal environment Homeostasis 3. Waste products are carbon dioxide and ethanol Anaerobic respiration 4. Occurs when oxygen is not present Anaerobic respiration 5. Uses a contractile ring to divide cells Cytokinesis 6. Cells need to release molecules, such as waste and proteins, to the outside environment Exocytosis 7. Uses a cell plate to divide cells Cytokinesis 8. A cleavage furrow occurs because of a contractile ring Cytokinesis 9. Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release the materials Exocytosis 10. A type of cellular respiration Anaerobic respiration 11. Typically involves negative and positive feedback loops Homeostasis 12. Begins as mitosis is ending Cytokinesis 13. Temperature, pH, glucose levels and other values are all maintained by this process. Homeostasis 14. The simplest form of transport across the membrane _ Passive transport 15. Does not require the cell to use any energy to move substances Passive transport 16. Uses the electrons from the fuel molecules to pass through the electron transport chain, which drives ATP synthesis Anaerobic respiration 17. The final stage of cell division Cytokinesis 18. Substances naturally move from high concentration to low concentration Passive transport 19. Include selective permeability, channel proteins, channel proteins, and facilitated diffusion Passive transport 20. Form of transport in which materials are transported outside of the cell in membrane- bound vesicles Exocytosis _
    ANSWER KEY: Enzymes and Tonicity 1. The substance with which an enzyme reacts is its _Substrate . 2. Is an enzyme “used up” by the reaction it catalyzes? Explain. No. The enzyme separates again from the newly formed product after the reaction is complete. 3. In what way does an enzyme affect the reaction it catalyzes? How does the enzyme produce this effect? Enzymes speed up reactions. This happens because of the lock and key arrangement of the active site of the enzyme and substrate. 4. C. Hypotonic solution with a lower solute concentration. 5. A. Isotonic solution in which the solute concentration is the same. 6. A. Isotonic condition plant cells require. 7. A. Isotonic condition that animal cells require. 8. C. Hypotonic red blood cell bursts (cytolysis). 9. B. Hypertonic plant cell loses turgor pressure (plasmolysis). 10. B. Hypertonic solution with a higher solute concentration. 11. C. Hypotonic plant cell with good turgor pressure. 12. C. Hypotonic solution with high water concentration. 13. Hypotonic 14. Isotonic 15. Hypertonic 16. Hypotonic 17. Isotonic 18. Hypertonic