Anatomical position
Standard positioning of the body as standing; feet together, arms to the side; with head, eyes, and palms of hands forward
Reference planes
Planes dividing the body to describe locations: sagittal, coronal, and transverse
Organ
A structure formed from various tissues that performs a specific function in an organism
Directional termonology
Words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements ( distal, posterior, medial etc)
Coronal and frontal plane
Front and back division
Transverse or cross-sectional plane
Top and bottom division
Sagittal or median plane
Left and right division
Proximal
Closer to the structure
Distal
Farther from the structure
Lateral
Away from the body
Medial
Position towards the midline of the body
True or false : arms are lateral to the chest
True
True or false: eyes are medial to the ears on the head
True
In the human body which of the following body parts are in a superior position to the lungs? all that apply
A. Stomach
B. Trachea
C. Spleen
D. Heart
E. Brain
B. Trachea
E. Brain
In two to three sentences describe the part of the arm or hand that is most distal to the shoulder of the human body
Distal refers to ” farthest away”. The thumb is farthest away from the shoulder of the body.
Which terms add clarity to anatomical position relative to the coronal plane?
A. Superior and inferior
B. Distal and proximal
C. Anterior and posterior
D. Lateral and medial
C. Anterior and posterior
Which two terms are likely to appear in the same discussion related to a part of the body?
A. Dorsal and lumbar
B. Umbilical and crural
C. Dorsal and orbital
D. Lumbar and patellar
A. Dorsal and lumbar
Which of the statements below are correct? All that apply
A. The axillary region is superior to the cephalic region
B. The oral, nasal, buccal, and ocular regions are all anterior to the occipital region
C. Digital or phalangeal structures may be pedal or manual
D. The axillary, brachial, antecubital, antebrachial, popliteal, and sural subregions are all associated with the upper limbs
B and c
The respiratory systems main function is to
Perform the critical tasks involved in transporting oxygen from the atmosphere into the body’s blood and removing carbon dioxide from the body’s cells
The respiratory system is specifically structured to
Maximize surface area for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Breathing ( inhaling and exhaling) is
Bringing oxygen into the lungs
Ventilation is
Exchanging the gas oxygen with the gas carbon dioxide in the lungs
Where does air go when we inhale?
Enters through the nasal openings, moves into the nasal cavity, and travels past the pharynx( throat) and into the trachea
Trachea
Large tube reinforced by cartilage rings that keep it from collapsing
The windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs
Cells
The basic structural unit of an organism from which living things are created
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place
Organ systems
Functional groups of organs that work together within the body: circulatory, integumentary, skeletal, reproductive, digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic, muscular, nervous
Bronchi
The main passageways directly attached to the lungs
Bronchioles
Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli
Heart
Muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
Mediastinum
The area between the two lungs
Pleura
A membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity
Capillaries
Small vessels that connect smaller arteries, called arterioles, to smaller veins, called venules, and carry out gas exchange
Diffusion
The passive movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Passive transport
Movement across a cell membrane that does not require energy input
Surfactant
A lipoprotein that reduces the surface tension
How many lobes does the right lung have
3
Superior, middle, inferior
How many lobes does the left lung have
2
Superior and inferior
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs by
Diffusion which is passive transport