LETRS Unit 1 – Session 1- 8
LETRS Unit 1 – Session 1
Phonics
Relationship between letters and sounds. Code based instruction.
Phonemic Awareness
Awareness of individual speech sounds
(consonants and vowels) in spoken syllables and the ability to consciously manipulate
those sounds.
Alphabetic Writing is less than _ years old.
5,000
90% of all spoken languages have no
Written form, let alone analphabet that represents the separate sounds of speech.
Syllable
The unit of pronunciation that is organized around a vowel; it may or may not have a
consonant after the vowel.
Egyptians invented the first alphabet in
2,000 BCE
Phoenician alphabet was developed in _ and was the grandfather of our
Alphabet 19 of 26 letters can be traced.
1,000 BCE
Modern American English spelling was settled in 1828 with
Webster’s Dictionary
Orthography
A writing system for representing language
Morphophonemic
alphabetic writing principle organized by both sound-symbol correspondences and
morphology.
Morpheme
The smallest meaningful unit of language; it may be a word or a part of word; it may be
a single sound, one syllable or multiple syllables
To read an alphabetic alphabet a person must
mentally link the alphabetic symbols with the single speech sounds or phonemes that
they represent.
All alphabets require
Speech sound (phoneme) awareness by the reader.
Shallow or Transparent Alphabetic Orthography
Correspondences in the alphabetic writing system are regular and predictable. One
sound represented by one symbol or letter.
Deep or Opague Alphabetic Orthography
the spelling system represents morphemes (meaningful parts) as well as speech
sounds.
Morphophonemic contains both phonemes and morphemes.
Advantages of Alphabetic Writing
Permits any word to be read or written in a language with a small set of symbols.
A limited number of symbols can be combined to create the entire language, even new
words.
Language can be written and read by anyone who can match the symbols to the sounds
they represent.
Disadvantages of Alphabetic Writing
People are wired to process speech sounds. The phoneme -that sound that a letter
represents – is not self evident, natural, or consciously accessible understanding for
humans.
Metalinguistic Awareness
Correct the ability think about and reflect on the structure of language itself. The
invention of the alphabet was an achievement.
The Simple View of Reading
Word Recognition x Language
Comprehension = Reading Comprehension
Word Recognition
The accurate and fast retrieval of decoded word forms, is essential for the development
of reading comprehension.
Language comprehension
Listening comprehension or the linguistic processes involved in the comprehension of
oral language.
Decoding
The ability to translate a word from print to speech, usually by employing knowledge of
sound-symbol correspondences.
Unit 1 – Session 2
__ is the act of translating print into meaning.
Reading
____ is the written or spoken communication “or the exchange of
information and ideas, usually longer than a sentence, between individuals or between
the writer and the reader.
Discourse
Learning two languages simultaneously, the brain establishes a separate
_________ for each language.
Neural system
The __ of typical reading begins around age five and continues for about
six years until full reading fluency is achieved.
Progression