Community HESI Study Guide 2022 / 2023
Scopolamine (Transderm-V) – correct answerMedication used to control motion
sickness. Must be taken prior to the onset of nausea and vomiting. Most effective if
taken 12 hours before expected travel or activity. Skin patch is applied behind the ear.
Indirect transmission – correct answerInvolves the spread of infection through an
intermediate source, such as vehicles, fomites, or vectors. Example: contracting malaria
following exposure in a mosquito-infested area.
Direct transmission – correct answerThe spread of an infection through person-toperson contact and is characterized by portals of exit and entry.
Windshield survey – correct answerMaking systematic observations from a moving
vehicle. The nurse drives through neighborhoods viewing homes, stores, churches, air
quality, etc. which gives the nurse the best initial overview of the residents and a sense
of their community. Gives nurse impression of the type of housing, the approximate age
of the housing, and the condition of the housing and yards.
Secondary Prevention – correct answerHealth screenings are a mainstay of this type of
prevention which focuses on health promotion. Screenings aid in early
detection/diagnosis and treatment of disease. Implementing interventions aimed at a
cure or reducing the progress of a disease. Focuses on reducing the intensity and
duration of a crisis. Example: PAP Smear
Primary prevention – correct answerHealth-promoting activities (immunizations, wearing
protective devices to prevent injury, education about health promotion activities)
designed to reduce the potential for illness before it occurs, such as immunizations.
Keeping the crisis from occurring. Examples: Use of barrier contraceptives,
vaccinations.
Tertiary prevention – correct answerIncludes interventions aimed at disability limitation
and rehabilitation from disease, injury, or disability. Minimizes the consequences of a
disorder or illness once it has developed through aggressive management or
rehabilitation. Also applies to disaster relief efforts involving the reduction of the amount
and degree of disability, injury, and damage after a crisis.
Home health visits – correct answerScheduled during daylight hours to ensure safety of
the client and the nurse, identification name tag are required to be worn during client
care, visits can be made with another home care provider.
Health conditions related to the growth of industrial workforce – correct answerAsthma
and lung cancer are triggered or worsened by airborne substances, such as tobacco
smoke, ozone, and other particles and/or chemicals.
Goals – correct answerIntended to be expressed in specific outcomes that provide
direction toward interventions and determine change in measurable terms.
Outcome statements – correct answerInclude past or present events with specific
quantitative expectations with a time frame. Example: Within 2 years, students with a
body mass index greater than 95% will be reduced by 50%.
Lillian Wald – correct answerKnown for her work in public health. She developed the first
nursing service for occupational health, established The Associated Alumnae of
Training Schools for Nurses-later developed into the ANA and the NLN, and instituted a
sliding scale fee for service.
Low-birth weight infants – correct answerThe incidence is twice as high for AfricanAmerican births than Caucasian births. This is an example of a non-modifiable risk
factor of ethnicity.
Modifiable risk factors – correct answerExamples are cigarette smoking, poor nutritional
status, and limited education.
Data useful in developing community healthcare plans – correct answerCensus data,
risk management, budgeting process information, client satisfaction surveys, and data
about changes in the community’s demographics.
Health People 20/20 – correct answerLeading health indicators: reduced cigarette
smoking, exercising for 30 minutes a day, access to health services, improving social
determinants (graduating high school).
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease – correct answerInclude nonmodifiable variables,
such as gender, family history, and race, and modifiable variables, such as underlying
diseases as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, smoking,
sedentary lifestyle, and stress.
Lifestyle changes to manage hypertension – correct answerIn order of effectiveness:
Weight loss, DASH diet, salt restriction, and avoiding alcohol.
Physical characteristics of aging that contributes to developing decubitus ulcers –
correct answerThinning of the skin with loss of elasticity.
Transtheoretical Model – correct answerAssesses an individual’s readiness to act on a
new healthier behavior, and provides stategies, or processes of change to guide the
individual through the stages of change: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation,
Preparation,
Action, Maintenance, and Termination.
Pre-contemplation – correct answerNot yet acknowledging there is a problem.
Contemplation – correct answerAcknowledgment that there is a problem, but not ready
to change.
Preparation – correct answerGetting ready to make the change.
Action – correct answerMaking the change.
Maintenance/Relapse – correct answerMaintaining the changed lifestyle or reverting
back to previous lifestyle.
Domain of nursing theory – correct answerThe person, health, the environment or
situation, and nursing.
Priority of the community health nurse when suspecting physical abuse of client –
correct answerFollow agency protocols to report suspected abuse.
Hepatitis B – correct answerVirus transmitted by sharing needles or unprotected sex.
Incubation period is 75 days.
Suicide risks and prevention – correct answerA topic to be included in a primary
prevention class for adolescents. Primary prevention focuses on health promotion and
prevention of injury and illness. Suicide is a leading cause of death in adolescents.
Communicable bioterrorism diseases – correct answerPneumonic plague and smallpox
can be transmitted person to person via respiratory droplets.
Variance – correct answerAny event that may alter a client’s progress through the
clinical pathway, such as remaining on a ventilator for an additional amount of time.
Standard – correct answerUsed to provide guidance in implementing and evaluating
procedural processes.
Outcome – correct answerThe end result of the interventions of the healthcare team and
is based on the client’s goal.
Nosocomial infection – correct answerAn infection that was not present or incubating at
the time of admission. Medical asepsis helps prevent this type of infection from
occurring.
TeamSTEPPS – correct answerAn evidence-based framework to optimize team
performance across the health care delivery system. Has 5 key principles. It is based on
team structure and four teachable-learnable skills: Communication, Leadership,
Situation, Monitoring, and Mutual Support. According to this framework, two attempts
should be made to notify a health care provider before proceeding through the chain of
command.
Critical pathways – correct answerManagement plans that display goals for patients and
provide the sequence and timing of actions necessary to achieve these goals with