NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam
Study Guide
Bacterostatic
(ANS- kills the bacteria
bacteriocidal
(ANS- kills the bacteria and stops the growth or spread of the infection
Bacteriostatic drugs
(ANSclindamycin
macrolides
sulfonamides
tetracyclines
Bactericidal drugs
(ANSahminoglycosides
beta-lactums
fluroquinolones
Metronidazole
Streptogramins
vancomycin
anti-microbial resistance
(ANS1.) not knowing if the pt had recent use of antibiotics
2.) provider overuse of broad=spectrum antibiotics
3.) not performing susceptibility testing
4.) Age younger than 2 years or older than 65 years
5.) Daycare center attendance
6.) Exposure to young children
7.) Multiple medical co-morbidities
8.) Immunosuppression
subclasses of Beta-lactams PCNS
(ANSnatural PCNS
aminopenicillins
anti-staphylococcal PCNs
extended Spectrum PCNs
Pharmacodynamics of Beta-lactam PCNs
(ANS- inhibit biosynthesis of bacterial wall (beta-lactam ring)
1st line therapy for Strep pharyngitis.
(ANS- penicillin V
1st line therapy for all bites
(ANS- Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin)
Natural PCN’s, Drugs
(ANSPenicillin V potassium (ledercillin) Penicillin G sodium (PCN G-Na)
Penicillin G procaine (Duracillin)
Penicillin G benzathine (Permapen)
Penicillin G potassium (Pfizerpen)
Natural PCNs active against
(ANS- aerobic gram (+) organisms
Aminopenicillins active against
(ANS- Gram (-) organisms
Aminopenicillins Drugs
(ANSAmoxicillin
Ampicillin
Combinations:
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)
1st lines therapy for acute otitis media (AOM) & sinusitis
(ANS- Amoxicillin
When aminopenicillins are combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors
(ANS- their spectrum in broadened
beta-lactamase inhibitors that can be combined with aminopenicillins
(ANS- clavulanate, sulbactam, & tazobactam
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins drugs
(ANSNafcillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Methicillin
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins active against
(ANSStreptococcus, MSSA, some coagulase-negative staphylococci,
peptostreptococcus
Anti-pseudomonal penicillin drugs
(ANSpiperacillin
ticarcillin
combination:
piperacillin/taxobactam
ticarcillin/clavulanate
Anti-pseudomonal penicillins active against
(ANSgram (-) organisms
1st generation cephalosporins drugs
(ANSCephradine (Anspor)
Cefazolin (ancef)
Cefadroxil (Duricef)
Cephalexin (keflex)
2nd generation cephalosporins drugs
(ANSCefuroxime sodium (Zinacef)
Cefuroxime (Ceftin)
Cefaclor
Cefprozil
Cefotetan (Cefotetan)
Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
3rd generation cephalosporins drugs
(ANSCefdinir (Omincef)
Cefpodoxime (Vantin)
Cefotaxime (Celizox)
Ceftazidime Fortax)
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Cedax
Cefixime (Suprax)
4th generation cephalosporins drugs
(ANSCefepime (Maxipime)