TNCC EXAM
What stage of shock: anxiety, restless, confused, norm systolic pressure, rising
diastolic pressure, slightly tachycardic, increased RR and decreased urine output?
Stage I: Compensated
What stage of shock: patient is unconscious or intended, normal systolic pressure,
narrowing pulse pressure, tachycardia, weak and threads pulses, rapid and shallow
respiration, cool and clammy, worsening base excess and increasing Lacoste levels?
Stage II: Decompensated or progressive shock
What stage of shock? this will lead to death without rapid intervention, obtunded,
stuporous or comatose, marked hypotension and heart failure, bradycardia,
decreased and shallow respirations, pale, cool and clammy, organ failure and severe
acidosis
Stage III: Irreversible shock
… is a principle that confuses on prevention rather than intervention.
Damage control resuscitation
The components of the neurological system involved with pain transmission
include…
Neurons, neuron synapses and neurotransmitters
… pain is persistent and usually lasts longer than 3 to 6 months.
Chronic
… describes the concept of under treatment of pain.
Oligoanalgesia
The most reliable and valid tool for pain assessment is …
Self-report
Causes of oligoanalgesia include…
Failure to assess initial pain; failure to implement guidelines and protocols; failure
to document pain; failure to meet patient’s expectations
The meninges consist of three layers of protective coverings …
(PAD) pia matter, arachnoid matter and dura matter
Adequate perfusion of oxygen and supply of nutrients to the brain tissue is
dependent on … and …
CPP; CBF
… is defined as the pressure gradient across the brain tissue, or the difference
between the pressures of the cerebral artery and venous vessels.
CPP; CPP = map – ICP
Normal CPP is …
Acceptable CPP is …
During this auto regulation maintains in a steady state.
60 to 100; 50 to 70
… is a triad of assessment findings; widening pulse pressure, bradycardia, and
diminished respiratory effort
Cushing (it is an attempt to increase MAP against elevated ICP, ultimately trying
to cause a rise in CPP)