LETRS Unit 1 Assessment Questions
and Answers Already Passed
b. The Three Cueing Systems model omits or obscures the role of phonology. ✔✔What is one
important distinction between the Four-Part Processing Model for Word Recognition and the
Three Cueing Systems model?
a. The Four-Part Processing Model emphasizes visual processes.
b. The Three Cueing Systems model omits or obscures the role of phonology.
c. The Three Cueing Systems model emphasizes the role of phonology.
d. The Three Cueing Systems model omits semantic processing.
d. both foundational reading skills and oral language development ✔✔Many students at risk for
reading problems enter school without exposure to the academic language used in books or
preschool experience. These students are most likely to make progress closing the reading and
language gap if their classroom instruction emphasizes which of the following?
a. oral language comprehension and reading aloud
b. attending to context, including semantic and syntactic cues
c. matching students with interesting reading material
d. both foundational reading skills and oral language development
a. early alphabetic ✔✔A beginning first-grade student is able to segment and pronounce the first
sound in a spoken word. He tries to guess at words by looking at the first letter only. When he
writes words, he spells a few sounds phonetically, but not all the sounds. According to Ehri, this
student is most likely in which phase of word-reading development?
a. early alphabetic
b. later alphabetic
c. prealphabetic
d. consolidated alphabetic
LETRS Questions and Answers Already
Solved
Phonology ✔✔Rule system within a language by which phonemes can be sequenced, combined,
and pronounced to make words
Phonology–(Example) ✔✔No English word begins with the sound /ng/ the sounds /p/ and /k/ are
never adjacent in the same syllable
Orthography ✔✔A writing system for representing language.
Orthography– (Example) ✔✔Every English word ending in /v/ is spelled with -ve; the letter x is
never doubled
Morphology ✔✔The study of meaningful units in a language and how the units are combined in
word formation
Morphology (Example) ✔✔Nat- is a root– Nature is the noun, natural is the adj, naturally is an
adverb
Semantics ✔✔The study of word and phrase meanings and relationships
Semantics (Example) ✔✔The word ‘rank’ has multiple meanings. The words ‘order’ and ‘sequence’
have similar meanings.
Syntax ✔✔The systems of rules governing permissible word order in sentences
Syntax (example) ✔✔”Our district recruits new teachers” is a sentence– New teachers our district
recruits is not a sentence.
Unit 1 and 2- LETRS Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Informed teachers are _ assurance against reading failure. ✔✔our best
phonics ✔✔the study of the relationships between letters and the sounds they represent
phonemic awareness ✔✔conscious awareness of the individual speech sounds (constants and
vowels) in spoken syllables and the ability to consciously manipulate those sounds.
syllable ✔✔Unit of pronunciation that is organized around a vowel; it may or may not have
consonants before or after the vowel.
orthography ✔✔writing system for representing language
morphophonemic ✔✔deep alphabetic writing system organized by both sound-symbol
correspondences and morphology (English orthography)
morpheme ✔✔in language, the smallest unit that carries meaning
metalinguistic awareness ✔✔ability to think about and reflect on the structure of the language
itself
simple view of reading ✔✔word recognition (decoding) x language comprehension
(comprehending) = reading comprehension
decoding ✔✔ability to translate a word from print to speech (sound-symbol correspondences)
discourse ✔✔written or spoken communication (“the exchange”) of information and ideas
(between writer & reader)
Listening comprehension may _ reading comprehension, but the reverse is _.
✔✔exceed, not true
phonology ✔✔phonemes can be sequenced, combined, and pronounced to make words (rule
system withing language) (sounds /p/ and /k/ are never adjacent)
morphology ✔✔study of meaningful units in a language and how the units are combined in word
formation (Nat- root, Nature- noun, natural- adjective)
semantics ✔✔study of word and phrase meanings and relationships (rank has multiple meanings)
syntax ✔✔system of rules governing permissible word order in sentences (“Our district recruits
new teachers” “New teachers our district recruits”)
academic language ✔✔written or spoken language that is more stylistically formal
orthographic mapping ✔✔mental process used to store words for immediate retrieval
Learning depends heavily on of recognized written symbols with and the eventual
connection of those sound patterns with _. ✔✔to recognize words, accurate matching, spoken
language, meaning
Four Part Processing Model ✔✔-context processor: background knowledge
- meaning processor: vocabulary
-phonological processor: speech sound system
-orthographic processor: spelling system
LETRS UNIT 1 POST TEST QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Which statement best describes the relationship between reading comprehension and word
decoding in a beginning reader’s development? ✔✔Accurate, fast word recognition is necessary
for development of reading fluency and text comprehension.
Near the close of the day, a kindergarten teacher guides the students in conversation about the
day’s activities. She writes down what is said on large chart paper, then reads it to the class. This
activity would aid their literacy development primarily by promoting which skill?
✔✔phonological awareness
What is the most important implication of the Four-Part Processiong Model for Word Recognition?
✔✔Reading depends on constructing pathways between the phonological, orthographic, and
meaning processors.
After results of a winter screening, six second-graders scored in the “somewhat at risk” range.
What is the next step the teacher team should take? ✔✔Analyze the screening results and gather
additional diagnostic assessment data.
How is the word sn-ow divided? ✔✔onset – rime
How many spoken syllables are there in frightening? ✔✔Three
How many spoken syllables are there in cleaned? ✔✔Two
What is the main reason that the ability to identify, segment, blend, and manipulate individual
phonemes in spoken words is important for reading an alphabetic writing system? ✔✔Each letter
in a word represents an individual phoneme
LETRS Unit 1 – Session 1 Latest 2022
Graded A+
Phonics ✔✔relationship between letters and sounds. Code based instruction.
Phonemic Awareness ✔✔awareness of individual speech sounds (consonants and vowels) in
spoken syllables and the ability to consciously manipulate those sounds.
Alphabetic Writing is less than years old. ✔✔5,000
90% of all spoken languages have no ✔✔written form, let alone an alphabet that represents the
separate sounds of speech.
Syllable ✔✔the unit of pronunciation that is organized around a vowel; it may or may not have a
consonant after the vowel.
Egyptians invented the first alphabet in ✔✔2,000 BCE
Phoenician alphabet was developed in __ and was the granfather of our alphabet 19 of 26
letters can be traced. ✔✔1,000 BCE
Modern American English spelling was settled in 1828 with ✔✔Webster’s Dictionary
Orthograpy ✔✔a writing system for representing language
Morphonphonemic ✔✔alphabetic writing principle organized by both sound-symbol
correspondences and morphology.
LETRS Unit 1 Session 3 Quiz Latest 2022
with Verified Solutions
During reading, your eyes typically stop on a word for about 250 milliseconds. In what situation(s)
do your eyes need to fixate longer on a word?
a. when you read silently
b. when you read aloud
c. when you read an unfamiliar word ✔✔b. when you read aloud
c. when you read an unfamiliar word
Select the lobe of the brain that is responsible for higher-level thinking and planning, and for
processing the sounds of speech. ✔✔Frontal Lobe
Select the lobe of the brain that is responsible for recognizing print, letters, and letter patterns.
✔✔Occipital lobe
Select the lobe of the brain where language is comprehended. ✔✔Temporal lobe
Select the lobe of the brain that processes sensory information such as temperature, taste, and
touch. ✔✔Parietal lobe
Which of the following statements best explains why The Four-Part Processing Model is useful?
a. It demonstrates why instruction should target reading comprehension.
b. It emphasizes the importance of instruction in language comprehension.
c. It represents the complex mental activity involved in word recognition.
d. It illustrates that phonics is more important than comprehension ✔✔c. It represents the complex
mental activity involved in word recognition.
The phonological processor allows us to do which of the following? Select all that apply.
LETRS MODULE Final Questions and
Answers Already Graded A
phoneme ✔✔in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
Grapheme ✔✔the written or printed representation of a phoneme
Phonics ✔✔The predictable relationship between phonemes and graphemes
Phonemic Awareness ✔✔The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual sounds,
phonemes, in oral language.
phonological awareness ✔✔the ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound structure of spoken
language
syllable ✔✔a word part that contains a vowel, or, in spoken language, a vowel sound.
Onset and Rime ✔✔-Parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than
phonemes
-Onset is the initial consonant(s) sound of a syllable (the b- of bag; the sw- of swim)
-Rime is the part of the syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows it (the -ag of bag; the
-im of swim)
Phoneme Isolation ✔✔—recognizing the individual sounds in words. For example, “Tell me the
first sound you hear in the word top (/t/).”
Phoneme Identity ✔✔recognizing the common sound in different words. For example, “Tell me
the sound that is the same in pig, pot, and pie (/p/).”
phoneme categorization ✔✔recognize a word with a sound that does not match the sounds in other
words (bus,bun,rug) = rug
phoneme blending ✔✔combining phonemes to make a word (b-i-g)
phoneme segmentation ✔✔breaking a word into separate sounds and counting them
phoneme deletion ✔✔being able to identify a sound that has been deleted from a word (smile
without s is mile)
phoneme addition ✔✔make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word park-spark
adding s
phoneme substitution ✔✔Substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word (Example- the
word is ‘bug’. Change the /g/ to /n/. What’s the new word? Bun)
Phonemic reversal ✔✔Reversing the first and last sound
Phonology ✔✔the study of speech sounds in language
Syntax ✔✔The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
Semantics ✔✔the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences
in a given language; also, the study of meaning
orthography ✔✔a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols
Pragmatics (use) ✔✔the rules of language governing how language is used for social purposes
LETRS Unit 1 Session 2 Questions and
Answers Graded A+
Semantics ✔✔The study of word and phrase meanings and relationships
Morphology ✔✔The study of meaningful units in a language and how the units are combined in
word formation
Discourse ✔✔Organizational conventions used in longer segments of oral or written language
Phonology ✔✔The rule system within a language by which phonemes can be sequenced,
combined, and pronounced to make words
Syntax ✔✔The system of rules governing permissible word order in sentences
Orthography ✔✔A writing system for representing language and the rules that govern it
Pragmatics ✔✔The system of rules and conventions for using language and related gestures in a
social context
Example of Phonology ✔✔No English word begins with the sound /ng/; the sound /p/ and /k/ are
never adjacent in the same syllable.
Example of Orthography ✔✔Every English word ending in /v/ is spelled with -ve; the letter x is
never doubled.
Example of Morphology ✔✔Nat- is a root. Nature is a non=in; natural is an adjective; naturalist
is a noun; naturally is an adverb.
LETRS Unit 2 Final Assessment
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
How is the word pl – ay divided in this example? ✔✔onset-rime
How many spoken syllables are there in buttered? ✔✔2
How many spoken syllables are there in possible? ✔✔3
What ability would students have who had attained advanced levels of phonemic awareness?
✔✔They can read most grade-level words by sight
Which teaching strategy would be most helpful for students who confuse the sounds /f/ and /th/ in
their own speech? ✔✔Have the student look in a mirror while describing and producing each
sound.
Which student is demonstrating the most advanced level of phonemic awareness? ✔✔a student
who reverses the order of sounds in perch to make chirp
A student writes the word went as “wet.” What aspect of phonology is associated with this common
spelling error? ✔✔Answer is NOT “affrication of the stop consonant when it is after a nasal” or
“substitution of a final stop for a nasal consonant”
Phonological awareness tasks that emphasize segmentation and blending of two- or three-phoneme
words align with which level of phonological awareness according to Kilpatrick? ✔✔basic
phonemic awareness
Which set of words would be appropriate for practicing four-phoneme blending? ✔✔quit, sling,
roast
LETRS Unit 4 Assessment Questions
and Answers 100% Correct
Based on the grapheme representing /sh/, which word is probably from French? ✔✔machine
Which of the following words is most probably from the Anglo-Saxon layer of English?
✔✔playground
Because of arbitrary and historical conventions governing English orthography, some letters can
never be used to end a word. Which word can be explained by that principle? ✔✔have
If you were teaching the soft c for reading and spelling, which words could be used as examples?
✔✔circus, cycle, center
Which of the following two-syllable words contains an open syllable followed by a closed
syllable? ✔✔secret
Which of the following two-syllable words contains a vowel team syllable followed by a syllable
with a vowel-r pattern? ✔✔power
If a third-grade student writes, “My new puppy is very plafull,” what does his misspelling of the
word playful most likely indicate? ✔✔He needs to learn to think about the morphemes, or
meaningful parts, in longer words.
Which word might be found in a lesson on adverb (adverbial) suffixes? ✔✔happily
What is the best definition for oral reading fluency? ✔✔reading with accuracy, expression, and
sufficient speed to support comprehension
LETRS Unit 5 Assessment Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Which term relates to a students ability to use word meanings in both speaking and writing?
✔✔expressive vocabulary
In teaching the antonyms and synonyms of a word such as generosity, a teacher would be
emphasizing which aspect of language? ✔✔semantics
Once students have learned to decode printed words, which strand of the Reading Rope model
(Scarborough, 2001) is the best single predictor of reading comprehension? ✔✔vocabulary
Which conclusion was documented by the Hart and Risley (1995) research team regarding the
relationship between home language exposure and later reading comprehension? ✔✔The number
of words to which preschoolers are exposed predicts their vocabulary knowledge at grade three.
Which of these is the least effective way to foster implicit learning of the vocabulary students need
for classroom success? ✔✔providing several hours daily of children’s television programs
Good reasons for teaching a few words rexplicitly and in-depth include all of the follwing except:
✔✔Students only need to know a few words to understand most texts.
Which of the following is the least effective activity when a new word meaning is being explicitly
and directly taught? ✔✔Ask students if anyone knows what the word means.
What consideration might distinguish vocabulary instruction for English Learners (ELs) from the
vocabulary instruction of native English? ✔✔ELs may need more multisensory supports to
understand the meanings of words.
LETRS Session 2 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
b. It does not use paragraphs and tends to be disorganized. ✔✔Which is a characteristic of
discourse in spoken language?
a. It generally uses complete, well-formed sentences.
b. It does not use paragraphs and tends to be disorganized.
c. It may use unusual or topic-specific vocabulary.
d. Its sounds are coarticulated in words.
a. As children get older, verbal comprehension becomes more important than oral reading fluency.
✔✔Which statement best describes the relative importance of oral reading fluency and verbal
comprehension as factors in reading comprehension?
a. As children get older, verbal comprehension becomes more important than oral reading fluency.
b. Oral reading fluency and verbal comprehension are equally important throughout childhood and
adolescence.
c. As children get older, verbal comprehension matters less, and oral reading fluency becomes
more important.
d. Although oral reading fluency and verbal comprehension are both important, a child with
problems in one domain can usually use the other domain to compensate.
b. Social context and nonverbal gestures help the listener understand spoken language, so there is
less need for it to be highly structured. ✔✔How does the language system of pragmatics
help us to understand why written language is more structured than spoken language?
a. Written language is highly structured because we expect certain types of writing, such as stories,
to follow established organizational conventions.
b. Social context and nonverbal gestures help the listener understand spoken language, so there is
less need for it to be highly structured.
c. We must process written language in a highly structured way—reading letters that represent
specific sounds and decoding them by reading from left to right.
LETRS Glossary Volume 1 Units 1-4
Latest 2022 Rated A
academic language ✔✔written or spoken language that is more stylistically formal than spoken
conversational language; language that is most often used in academic discourse or text.
adjective ✔✔A part of speech that describes a noun or person (e.g., windy, blue).
adverb ✔✔A part of speech that describes a verd, adjective, or adverb (e.g., sadly, crookedly).
affricate ✔✔A speech sound with features of both a fricative and a stop; in English, /ch/ and /j/ are
__.
allophones ✔✔Slight alterations to pronunciation of phonemes resulting from phonemes
overlapping with one another in a spoken word; these variations of pronunciation are predictable
and unconscious, as most speakers make them.
allophonic variation ✔✔The slightly different pronunciation of a phoneme, depending on its place
in a word; for example, automatic nasalizing of a vowel before a nasal consonant.
alphabetic principle ✔✔The concept that letters are used to represent individual phonemes in the
spoken word; insight into this principle is critical for learning to read and spell.
antonym ✔✔A word that overlaps with another word, but which has the opposite meaning.
automaticity ✔✔The ability to read quickly and accurately without conscious effort.
background knowledge ✔✔Preexisting knowledge of facts and ideas necessary to make
inferences.
base words ✔✔Words that can stand on their own, or can serve as part of another word, as a free
morpheme.
benchmark ✔✔A standard or a set of standards used as a threshold for predicting future risk for
reading difficulty.
blend ✔✔Two or three graphemes, each one representing a phoneme (e.g., the s-c-r in scrape); a
is not one sound, but two or three adjacent consonants before or after a vowel in a
syllable.
characters ✔✔The protagonist or who the story is about, plus optional secondary people or animals
whose roles within the story help the plot to unfold.
clause ✔✔A group of words that has a subject and a predicate and functions as a unit.
closed syllable ✔✔A syllable with a short vowel spelled with a single vowel letter and ending in
one or more consonants (e.g., hat, kit-ten).
coarticulation ✔✔Occurs when phonemes are spoken together to produce syllables or words and
the features of these phonemes are affected by the speech sounds that precede or follow them.
code switching ✔✔The conscious effort to write and/or speak in a certain way, depending on the
social context and/or whether the language is spoken or writter.
cognate ✔✔A word in one language that shares a common ancestor and common meanings with
a word in another language. Many Spanish words, such as “problema” or “diagrama,” are
that are built around the same Latin and Greek prefixes, suffixes, or roots that English
words also employ.
LETRS unit 1 Latest 2022 Already
Passed
early literacy ✔✔foundational skills learned from birth to 5-6 years of age.
Big 5 Ideas in Reading ✔✔phonemic awareness
phonics
vocal
fluency
comprehension
three areas used to predict of well kids read ✔✔oral language
phonological processing
print knowledge
literacy factors with strongest impact ✔✔alphabet knowledge
phonological awareness
rapid naming of letters and numbers
naming of objects or colors
writing
phonological memory
listening learning indicators ✔✔listens to stories
understands and follows directions
speaking learning indicators ✔✔speaks for a variety of purpose
repeat simple poems, rhymes, and songs
longer grammatical speech
simple narratives
LETRS Unit 2: Session 1 Questions and
Answers Rated A+
Which of the following words best completes the sentence when inserted into blank 1?
✔✔phonology, phonological processing, or phoneme
Which of the following words best completes the sentence when inserted into blank 2?
✔✔phonological awareness
Which of the following words best completes the sentence when inserted into blank 3?
✔✔phonemic awareness
Which of the following words best completes the sentence when inserted into blank 4?
✔✔phonetics
Which of the following words best completes the sentence when inserted into blank 5?
✔✔phonology, phonological processing, or phoneme
Which of the following words best completes the sentence when inserted into blank 6?
✔✔phonology, phonological processing, or phoneme
A student with general phonological awareness can learn to read fluently, even if the student has
not yet developed awareness of speech sounds at the phoneme level. ✔✔false
If a student analyzes the sounds and syllables in a word, it is easier for the student to store the word
in semantic memory. ✔✔true
LETRS Module 2 test latest 2022 already
passed
Phonological processor ✔✔The job of the phonological processor is to perceiving, remembering,
interpreting, and producing the speech-sound system of a person’s language.
Speech Perception ✔✔a receptive language skill. includes the ability to distinguish between words
that sound almost alike and to recognize any word that is spoken.
Speech production ✔✔this is an expressive language skill. In includes the articulation or
pronunciation of speech sounds and speech-sounds sequences.
What are errors of speech production ✔✔Substitution of sound
Omission of sound
Addition of sound
Distorting of a sound
Phonology ✔✔the science of vocal sounds and especially the study of sound systems within a
language.
Phonological awareness ✔✔is the ability to identify, think about, and manipulate parts of words
including syllable, onsets and rimes, and phonemes. It also includes the activities of recognizing
and producing rhymes.
Phonemic awareness ✔✔The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual sounds,
phonemes, in oral language.
Phonological Working Memory ✔✔Temporary mental storage of speech stimuli. it is similar to a
tape recorder with limited storage.
LETRS module 5 questions and answers
latest 2022
Reading fluency ✔✔oral reading with sufficient speed and accuracy to support comprehension of
text. It is later applied to silent reading and includes prosodic reading
automaticity in word recognition ✔✔being able to quickly identify a word. Having this skill frees
brain space that can be used for problem solving.
Accurate word recognition ✔✔being able to identify a word when it is read. this is important
because it leads to comprehension.
What does reading fluency depend on? ✔✔it depends on many smaller skills including speech
sounds, recognition of graphemes, and word chunking.
prosody ✔✔expression when reading. this is included in fluency to keep readers interested.
Common orf assessment ✔✔DIBBLES, one minute assessments
Four part processing model ✔✔Context- meaning of passage
Meaning processor- vocabulary
phonological processor- speech sound systems
orthographic- memory for letters
Ehri’s model of word recognition ✔✔model of and phases of reading and spelling that show the
levels of proficiency in basic reading
what is the relationship between ORF and silent reading from 3rd to 8th grade? ✔✔it stays
consistent
LETRS Unit 2 Questions and Answers
with Complete Solutions
Phonological processor ✔✔Which works with speech sounds
Phonological awareness ✔✔Awareness of all levels of the speech sound system is the foundation
for reading and spelling.
the ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language
Phonological awareness ✔✔The ability to identify think about and manipulate units of spoken
language is the underpinning for processing reading language symbols.
Like syllables, part of syllables called unsaid and rimes, and Phonemes is, the smallest segment of
speech that combined to make new words.
Four-Part processing model for Word Recognition
Number 1: Phonological processor ✔✔Helps you understand and produce oral language
Four-Part processing model for Word Recognition
Number 2: Orthographic processor ✔✔Helps you connect words with your visual forms
Four-Part processing model for Word Recognition
Number 3: Meaning processor ✔✔Is your internal dictionary of word definition
Four-Part processing model for Word Recognition
Number 4: Context processor ✔✔Helps you use context to understand what a word means
So the four processors from the Four-Part processing model work in isolation.
True or False ✔✔False
they don’t work in isolation they interact
If you’ve heard a word spoken in your environment, you will recognize that word more rapidly
when you see it in print. How? ✔✔This requires coordination between the phonological and
orthographic processors.
If you know what they were means and I have seen it in print, you can recognize or recall its
pronunciation more automatically. How? ✔✔In this instance, the meaning processor, orthographic
processor, and phonological processor work together.
If you analyze the syllables in individual sounds in the word, the words meaning can be more
easily stored in semantic memory. ✔✔This activate the phonological processor and meaning
processor.
If you can analyze and manipulated the specific sounds in spoken words, the corresponding printed
words Will be easier to remember for reading and spelling. How? ✔✔This activate the final logical
in orthographic processors.
Phonological awareness ✔✔conscious awareness of all levels of speech sound system, including
word boundaries, stress patterns, syllables, unset-rimes unit, and phonemes.
Phonological processing ✔✔Multiple functions of speech and language position in production,
such as perceiving, interpreting, storing (remembering), recalling her retrieving, and generating
the speech sound system of language.
Phoneme ✔✔In any language, the smallest unit of sound used to build words.
Phonemic awareness ✔✔Conscious awareness that words are made up of segment of our own
speech that are represented with letters in an orthopedic orthography.
Phonology ✔✔The rule system in the language by which phones can be sequenced, combined, and
pronounce to make words.
Phonetics ✔✔The study of sounds of human speech; articulatory phonetics refers to the way the
sounds are physically produced in the human vocal track.
Phon ✔✔The Greek root meaning vocal sound
voice, sound
Phonological processor ✔✔Allows us to perceive, remember, interpret, and produce the speech
sound system of our language——and learn the sounds of other languages.
Phonological processor ✔✔Analyzes the sounds so we can learn to associate phonemes with their
written representations, also known as graphemes.
The ability to perceive, produce, and manipulate individual speech sound, or phonemes ✔✔is a
necessary prerequisite for the ability to read words
Does it matter if a phoneme is made in the front, middle, or back of the mouth? ✔✔Yes it does
LETRS UNIT 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
Phonology ✔✔the study of the sound system of a language
Semantics ✔✔the study of word and phrase meaning
By five years old how many words should a child be speaking? ✔✔2,100-2,200
Semantics ✔✔A major development in preschool vocabulary development is the ability to use
decontextual talk
Decontextual Talk ✔✔is speech that requires responses using information from the past or future;
may include pretend, narrative, and explanatory talk
Tier 1 ✔✔Everyday words
Tier 2 ✔✔High-utility words
Tier 3 ✔✔Specialized topic words
Morphology ✔✔the rule of word function
How many morphemes in the word love ✔✔1 morpheme
lovable ✔✔2 morphemes
unlovable ✔✔3 morphemes
LETRS Unit 2 Session 1 – Mini Quiz –
Teaching Reading IS Rocket Science
The phonological processor allows us to do which of the following? Select all that apply.
a. perceive sounds
b. remember sounds
c. interpret sounds
d. produce speech ✔✔Select All Choices
The written representation of a speech sound is known as a grapheme.
true
false ✔✔true
Providing direct, detailed phonemic awareness instruction is only necessary for students who
struggle with reading.
true
false ✔✔False
Which of the following is a necessary prerequsite to being able to read words? Select all that apply.
a. perceive individual speech sounds
b. produce individual speech sounds
c. manipulate individual speech sounds
d. none of these ✔✔a. perceive individual speech sounds
b. produce individual speech sounds
c. manipulate individual speech sounds
LETRS Unit 2 Questions and Answers
100% Pass
coarticulation ✔✔occurs when phonemes are spoken together to produce syllables or words and
the features of these phonemes are affected by the speech sounds that precede or follow them
phonological working memory ✔✔the online memory system that remembers speech long enough
to extract meaning from it, or that holds onto words during writing a function of the phonological
processing system.
rapid automatic naming ✔✔the ability to quickly name a series of printed, repeated numbers,
letters, or objects that should be known by rote
phonological awareness ✔✔the conscious awareness of all levels of the speech sound system,
including word boundaries, stress patterns syllables, onset rime, units and phonemes
phonemic awareness ✔✔the conscious awareness of the individual speech sounds (consonants and
vowels) in spoken syllablees and the ability to consciously manipulate those sounds
phonics ✔✔the study of the relationships between letters and the sounds they represent, also used
as a descriptor for code-based instruction
onset-rime ✔✔the natural division of a syllable into two parts; the onset comes before the vowel,
and the rime includes the vowel and what follows after it
allophonic variation ✔✔the slightly different pronunciation of a phoneme , depending on its place
in a word
LETRS Units 5 – 8 Pre & Post Test
Questions and Answers Already Passed
Once students decode well, which statement describes the relationship between vocabulary and
reading comprehension? ✔✔Vocabulary is the best single predictor of reading comprehension.
In teaching the word invisible, the teacher broke it into the parts in – vis – ible and talked about the
meanings of the parts. Which aspect of language was emphasized? ✔✔morphology
The Hart and Risley study (1995) identified a “30-million-word” gap. This gap refers to: ✔✔the
difference in the number of words heard by preschool children raised in high- and low-language
family environments.
Which of the following is least likely to narrow the vocabulary gap between language-rich and
language-poor students? ✔✔watching children’s television programs
To introduce a Tier 2 vocabulary word explicitly and systematically before reading, which of these
strategies would be the least effective? ✔✔asking students to write the word 10 times until they
can spell it
Students must learn the meanings of several thousand new words every year if they are going to
meet grade-level expectations for vocabulary growth. About how many of those word meanings
should teachers aim to teach explicitly and thoroughly per week? ✔✔10-12
When a student is an accurate but slow reader, which of the following practices is most effective?
✔✔Focus instruction on foundational reading skills that address multiple aspects of language.
In what way should the vocabulary instruction of English Learners (ELs) be distinguished from
the vocabulary instruction of native English speakers? ✔✔They may need to learn the meanings
of the Tier 1 words in a passage.
To select the best vocabulary words to teach before reading a text, the teacher should prioritize
which types of words? ✔✔words that are central to understanding key meanings in the passage
A primary-grade teacher who wants to implement research-based vocabulary instruction should
try to emphasize: ✔✔word relationships, including antonyms, synonyms, categories, and semantic
families.
Good readers will stop and reread a portion of the text for clarification if they don’t understand it.
This behavior demonstrates: ✔✔cognitive flexibility and metacognition.
When students read about a topic for which they already have well-developed background
knowledge, they are more likely than uninformed students to: ✔✔acquire new knowledge faster
from the text.
A valuable first step before reading a text with a group of students is: ✔✔clearly stating the
purpose for reading the text.
Which of the following is the best description of the comprehension process as it relates to reading?
✔✔linking the surface code with ideas in the text base
Which teaching strategy is most likely to help students construct a mental model of a texts
meanings? ✔✔anticipating the takeaways and building background knowledge
Standardized tests of reading comprehension have been shown by research to: ✔✔give varied
results depending on the content and format.