Daance Modules 1 – 4 Study Questions
The T-wave on a cardiac monitor tracing is evidence of what change in polarization? –
✔✔Repolarization of the ventricles
What anatomical structure located at the top of the larynx closes the airway and prevents foreign
bodies from entering the trachea – ✔✔Epiglottis
Which of the following structures is most likely to cause obstruction of the airway when an
anesthetized patient is lying in a supine position – ✔✔Tongue
Blood is pumped to the lungs from the heart through which of the following vessels –
✔✔Pulmonary artery
Which of the following is the normal sequence for the flow of blood through the heart and the
lungs – ✔✔Right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary vein left atrium left
ventricle aorta
The small sac like structure located at the end of the respiratory tract in which oxygen and
carbon dioxide are exchanged are called – ✔✔Alveoli
Which of the following structures may be involved in a patient who has an upper respiratory
infection – ✔✔Nose sinuses pharynx
The soft tissue valve that covers the larynx and allows food to enter the esophagus is called the –
✔✔Epiglottis
An artery located in the neck that is readily palpated when looking for a patients pulse –
✔✔Common carotid
The central nervous system consist of – ✔✔Brain and spinal cord
A patient with a history of transient ischemic attaches (TIA’S) has had temporary lessening of –
✔✔Blood supply to the brain
Ischemic heart disease is a result of – ✔✔Decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries
The main purpose of the review of systems is to obtain a careful evaluation of the patients –
✔✔Medical history
A patient who has renal disease would be expected to have difficulty with – ✔✔Drug excretion
The medical history is not used to document – ✔✔The socioeconomic status of the patient
DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences
1)What is the role of the central nervous system?
2)What are the 3 subdivisions of the central nervous system? – ✔✔1) To provide overall control
of body function
2) Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System
NERVOUS SYSTEM:
1) What are the cells of the nervous system called?
2) What are they responsible for?
3) What is action potential? What happens during this?
4) How is this related to a synapse?
5) What is a synapse? – ✔✔1) Neurons
2) Responsible for conducting nerve impulses within the brain and from one body part to another
3) The nerves threshold of stimulus. When an impulse reaches the threshold, the impulse travels
along the neuron at a constant rate.
4) When an impulse reaches the end of the neuron, it can pass to another neuron across a
synapse.
5) A junction between two neurons.
DEPOLARIZATION/REPOLARIZATION:
1) Explain depolarization.
2) What substance is often the material moving in and out of the membrane?
3) What is the wave of polarization?
4) Explain repolarization.
5) How does this relate to local anesthetics? – ✔✔1) The outside of a nerve membrane is
positively charged. When those charges move into the membrane, the outside is left negatively
charged.
2) Na+ ions
3) The movement of changing charges during depolarization.
4) After the nerve impulse passes through the nerve, the nerve fibers become repolarized, or
positively charged, again.
5) Local anesthetics interfere with Na+ ions traveling through the ion channels, preventing
depolarization and slowing or stopping the nerve impulses.
SYNAPSES:
1) What is a terminal button?
2) What are pre-synaptic and post-synaptic?
3) What is a synaptic cleft?
4) What substance is this product dependent on?
5) What action does this substance have? – ✔✔1) The bulge at the end of the nerve, that touches
the next nerve.
2) The nerve before and after the synapse that is active.
3) The gap between two nerves, which a nerve impulse must ‘jump across’ to communicate with
the next nerve.
4) Neurotransmitters
5) They enable transmission of the depolarization wave from one nerve onto the receptor sites of
the next.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:
1) What is the central nervous system, and what does it consist of?
2) What are the parts of the CNS? (4 parts) – ✔✔1) It is the overall control center of the body,
consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
2) Cerebral Cortex, Core of the Brain, Cerebellum, and the Brainstem.
CEREBRAL CORTEX:
1) How many parts does it have?
2) What are its main responsibilities? (6 things) – ✔✔1) 2 parts- paired cerebral hemispheres.
2) Essential functions- thought, learning, memory, consciousness, feeling of sensation (such as
pain or heat), and initiation of muscle movement.
CORE OF THE BRAIN:
1) What is its main purpose?
2) What does one of the core’s components do?
3) What can other important structures in the core do? – ✔✔1) Impulses pass through the core on
their way to or from the cerebral cortex.
2) It serves as a relay station between sensory inputs from the periphery of the body to the
cerebral cortex.
3) They play important roles in the body’s autonomic (automatic) functions, and emotions.
DAANCE Module 1-Basic Sciences
neurons do what – ✔✔conduct nerve impulses
what is the synapse – ✔✔junction between two neurons
what makes up the central nervous system – ✔✔brain and spinal cord
what three parts make up the brain – ✔✔cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata
what makes up the peripheral nervous system – ✔✔sensory nerves and motor nerves
How many cranial nerves are there – ✔✔12
what nerve is the trigeminal nerve – ✔✔5
what parts does the trigeminal nerve control – ✔✔supplies sensation to the teeth and jaw
what are the 2 components of the autonomic nervous system? – ✔✔sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
what nervous system “speeds things up” – ✔✔sympathetic
what nervous system “slows things down” – ✔✔parasympathetic
what nervous system has terminations in all level of the heart – ✔✔sympathetic nervous system
stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes what? – ✔✔vasoconstriction in general and
increases the heart rate
what nervous system is important in maintaining blood pressure – ✔✔sympathetic
vasomotor is controlled by the – ✔✔sympathetic nervous system
the vasomotor does what – ✔✔controls the diameter of the blood vessels
baroreceptors regulate what function – ✔✔blood pressure with positional changes
the sympathetic or adrenergic effects of the autonomic nervous system involve what – ✔✔two
effects A and B- these effect several tissues and organs
Alpha effect is what (only one alpha) – ✔✔vasoconstriction
DAANCE Exam Study Questions
The “T” wave on an ECG tracing is evidence of what change in polarization? –
✔✔Repolarization of the ventricles
What anatomical structure located at the top of the larynx closes the airway and prevents foreign
bodies from entering the trachea? – ✔✔The epiglottis
Which structure is most likely to cause obstruction of the airway when an anesthetized patient is
lying in a supine position? – ✔✔The tongue
What is the “supine” position? – ✔✔Pt laying face up
What is the “fowlers” position? – ✔✔Pt is sitting straight up or leaning slightly back
What is the “trendelenberg” position? – ✔✔Pt’s head is slightly lower than their feet
Blood is pumped to the lungs from the heart through which vessel? – ✔✔pulmonary artery
What is the normal sequence for the flow of blood through the heart and lungs? – ✔✔Right
atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
The small sac like structures located at the end of the respiratory tract in which oxygen and
carbon dioxide are exchanged are called? – ✔✔Aveoli
Which structure may be involved in a pt who has an upper respiratory infection? – ✔✔nose,
sinuses, and pharynx
What is the soft tissue valve that covers the larynx and allows food to enter the esophagus? –
✔✔Epiglottis
An artery located in the neck that is readily palpated when looking for a patients pulse is? –
✔✔common carotid
Which part of the eye loses its reflex action first during the induction of anesthesia? – ✔✔The
eyelid
What is hypoxia? – ✔✔Lack of oxygen
What is Addisons disease? – ✔✔hyposecretion of glucocorticoids
What type of medication do pt’s with Addisons disease take? – ✔✔Cortisone daily
What is hyperglycemia? – ✔✔An insufficient supply of insulin which is produced in the
pancreas, prevents the body’s cells from metabolizing carbohydrates properly.
What is “Type 1 diabetes”? – ✔✔Insulin dependent
What is “type 2 diabetes?” – ✔✔non-insulin diabetes
A pt with history of transient ischemic attacks (TIA’s) has had temporary lessening of? –
✔✔Blood supply to the brain
Ischemic heart disease is a result of? – ✔✔decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries
The main purpose of the review of systems is to obtain a careful evaluation of the pt’s? –
✔✔Medical history
A pt who has renal disease would be expected to have difficulty with? – ✔✔drug excretion
Medical history is not used to document ? – ✔✔The socioeconomic status of the pt.
Congestive failure does not result in? – ✔✔bronchospasm
Normal blood oxygen saturation in an ASA class I pt ranges from? – ✔✔95%-100%