Group Therapy primary purpose – The primary purpose of group therapy is to facilitate
changes by the patient to address identified problems.
A technique for dealing with an over talkative client and silence from other participants
in a group during therapy – make an observation about the group’s silence and invite the
others to comment
the technique of “Information Giver”. – During group members sharing methods they
personally use for dealing with problems
CBT – consists of active questioning, homework assignments, and dream survey. The
therapist helps the patient consider personal ideas and beliefs in order to increase the
patient’s realization about how thoughts influence behaviors.
Attachment – Attempts to explain the dynamics of interpersonal relationships between
humans. A child needs to form a relationship between at least one primary caregiver.
Mileu – Milieu therapy requires consideration of the client’s social, economic, and
cultural status.
Complementary Alternative Medicine vs Western major difference – Western medicine
focuses on what is done to the patient whereas CAM focuses on mind-body
interactions.
Beck – Beck developed the cognitive model of depression and the concept that cognitive
processing distortions underlie psychological disorders
ACTIVE, TIME-LIMITED APPROACH
depression can be understood via schemas: – Beck;
cognitive errors, and the cognitive triad (i.e., negative views of self, tendency toward
interpreting experiences in a negative manner, and holding negative views of the
future).
Beck assumption – Distorted thinking contributes to and maintains bheavior (symptoms)
Ellis – RET (Rational Emotive Therapy) a form of cb
ret – unrealistic and irrational beliefs cause many emotional problems. The purpose of
RET is to identify an irrational belief and dispute it through active, philosophical,
confrontational therapy.
RET assumption – People make themselves sick anytime they escalate a desire or
preference into a demand or absolute must. (People become who they become based
on their beliefs).
Skinner – operant conditioning
Operant conditioning – voluntary behaviors are learned through consequences, and
behavioral responses are elicited through reinforcement, which causes a behavior to
occur more frequently. Positive reinforcement- getting a gift, or negative reinforcementremoval of objectionable’ or aversive stimulus
Skinner – Absence of reinforcement, or extinction, also decreases behavior by
withholding a reward that has become habitual. Teachers employ this strategy in the
classroom when they ignore acting-out behavior that had previously been rewarded by
more attention.
Skinner’s behavior model provides a concrete method for modifying or replacing
behaviors. Behavior management and modification programs based on his principles
have shown to be successful in altering targeted behaviors. Programmed learning and
token economies represent extensions of Skinner’s thoughts on learning. Behavioral
methods are particularly effective with children, adolescents, and individuals with many
forms of chronic mental illness.
Universality – Yaslom: The recognition of shared experiences and feelings among group
members and that these may be widespread or universal human concerns, serves to
remove a group member’s sense of isolation, validate their experiences, and raise selfesteem.
Altruism – Yaslom: The group is a place where members can help each other, and the
experience of being able to give something to another person can lift the member’s self
esteem and help develop more adaptive coping styles and interpersonal skills.
Instillation of hope – Yaslom: In a mixed group that has members at various stages of
development or recovery, a member can be inspired and encouraged by another
member who has overcome the problems with which they are still struggling.
Imparting information – Yaslom: While this is not strictly speaking a psychotherapeutic
process, members often report that it has been very helpful to learn factual information
from other members in the group, for example, about their treatment or about access to
services.
Corrective recapitulation of primary family experience – Yaslom: Members often
unconsciously identify the group therapist and other group members with their own