A child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Wilm’s tumor, stage II. Which of the following statements most accurately describes this stage? A. The tumor is less than 3 cm. in size and requires no chemotherapy. B. The tumor did not extend beyond the kidney and was completely resected. C. The tumor extended beyond the kidney but was completely resected. D. The tumor has spread into the abdominal cavity and cannot be resected.
A teen patient is admitted to the hospital by his physician who suspects a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following findings is consistent with this diagnosis? Note: More than one answer may be correct. A. Urine specific gravity of 1.040. B. Urine output of 350 ml in 24 hours. C. Brown (“tea-colored”) urine. D. Generalized edema.
Which of the following conditions most commonly causes acute glomerulonephritis? A. A congenital condition leading to renal dysfunction. B. Prior infection with group A Streptococcus within the past 10-14 days. C. Viral infection of the glomeruli. D. Nephrotic syndrome.
An infant with hydrocele is seen in the clinic for a follow-up visit at 1 month of age. The scrotum is smaller than it was at birth, but fluid is still visible on illumination. Which of the following actions is the physician likely to recommend? A. Massaging the groin area twice a day until the fluid is gone. B. Referral to a surgeon for repair. C. No treatment is necessary; the fluid is reabsorbing normally. D. Keeping the infant in a flat, supine position until the fluid is gone.
A nurse is caring for a patient with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The patient complains of burning and tingling of the hands and feet and cannot
tolerate touch of any kind. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these symptoms? A. Inadequate tissue perfusion leading to nerve damage. B. Fluid overload leading to compression of nerve tissue. C. Sensation distortion due to psychiatric disturbance. D. Inflammation of the skin on the hands and feet.
A patient in the cardiac unit is concerned about the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis. Which of the following are hereditary risk factors for developing atherosclerosis? A. Family history of heart disease. B. Overweight. C. Smoking. D. Age.
Claudication is a well-known effect of peripheral vascular disease. Which of the following facts about claudication is correct? A. It results when oxygen demand is greater than oxygen supply. B. It is characterized by pain that often occurs duing rest. C. It is a result of tissue hypoxia. D. It is characterized by cramping and weakness.
A nurse is providing discharge information to a patient with peripheral vascular disease. Which of the following information should be included in instructions? A. Walk barefoot whenever possible. B. Use a heating pad to keep feet warm. C. Avoid crossing the legs. D. Use antibacterial ointment to treat skin lesions at risk of infection.
A patient who has been diagnosed with vasospastic disorder (Raynaud’s disease) complains of cold and stiffness in the fingers. Which of the following descriptions is most likely to fit the patient? A. An adolescent male. B. An elderly woman. C. A young woman. D. An elderly man.
A 23 year old patient in the 27th week of pregnancy has been hospitalized on complete bed rest for 6 days. She experiences sudden shortness of breath