Chapter 1 The Vista of Nursing
- The first practicing nurse epidemiologist was
a. Florence Nightingale.
b. Mildred Montag.
c. Clara Barton.
d. Mary Agnes Snively.
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mildred Montag, Clara Barton, and Mary Agnes Snively
came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Clara Barton
founded the American Red Cross. Dr. Mildred Montag established the first associate degree
nursing program in 1952. Mary Agnes Snively began forming the Canadian National Association
of Trained Nurses in 1883. - The American Red Cross was founded by
a. Florence Nightingale.
b. Harriet Tubman.
c. Clara Barton.
d. Mary Mahoney.
ANS: C
In 1882, the United States ratified the American Red Cross, founded by Clara Barton. Florence
Nightingale established the Training School for Nurses in London, England, in 1860. Harriet
Tubman was active in the Underground Railroad movement during the American Civil War.
Mary Mahoney was the first professionally trained African American nurse.
- Nurses working in the Henry Street Settlement in 1893 were among the first nurses to
demonstrate autonomy in practice. This was because those nurses
a. Had no ability to work in the hospital setting.
b. Were required to use critical thinking skills.
c. Focused solely on healing the very ill.
d. Planned their care around research findings.
ANS: B
In 1893, nurses working in the Henry Street Settlement were some of the first to demonstrate
autonomy in practice because they encountered situations that required quick and innovative
problem solving and critical thinking, and provided therapies aimed at maintaining wellness, as
well as curing the ill. Nursing hospitals expanded in the late nineteenth century and were major
providers of nursing care. Not until the early twentieth century was there a movement toward a
scientific, research-based body of nursing knowledge. - In 1923, the Goldmark Report was an important study that
a. Formed formal nurse midwifery programs.
b. Established the Center for Ethics and Human Rights.
c. Revised the ANA code of ethics.
d. Led to the development of the Yale School of Nursing.
ANS: D
In 1923, the Goldmark Report identified the need for increased financial support for universitybased schools of nursing. As a result, the Yale School of Nursing was developed. Graduate nurse
midwifery programs did not come into existence until the 1940s, and the Center for Ethics and
Human Rights was founded in 1990. The ANA code of ethics was published in 1985 and was
last updated in 2001. - The major difference between a baccalaureate degree nursing program and an associates
degree nursing program is that the baccalaureate program includes studies in
a. Basic sciences and theoretical courses.
b. Social sciences and humanities.
c. Theoretical and clinical courses.
d. Basic sciences and clinical courses.
ANS: B
Both associates degree programs and baccalaureate programs focus on basic sciences and on
theoretical and clinical courses. Baccalaureate programs, however, also focus on courses in the
social sciences, arts, and humanities to support nursing theory.
- The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice
nurse and has earned her masters degree as a family nurse practitioner. However, she seems
unfulfilled and has a strong desire to do research. To fulfill her desire, the nurse most likely
would apply to attend a program that would lead to a
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc).
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD).
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP).
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN).
ANS: B
PhD programs emphasize basic research and theory and are research oriented. Professional
doctoral programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to
clinical nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as
nurse practitioners. - The nurse is caring for her patients and is focused on managing their care as opposed to
managing and performing skills. This nurse demonstrates which level of proficiency according to
Benner?
a. Novice
b. Competent