HONDROS BIO117 EXAM 1 LATEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL
EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|AGRADE
VERSION A
What is it called when two or more atoms bond? – ANSWER- Molecules
____ can be found in the bones, nerves, skin, muscles,
etc. – ANSWER- Cells
_____ can be muscle, connective, and epithelial. –
ANSWER- Tissues
The _________ plane runs through the shoulder and flank
to divide the body into right superior and left inferior sections. –
ANSWER- Oblique
Identify the region: Cheek – ANSWER- Buccal
Identify the region: Stomach – ANSWER- Abdominal
Identify the region: Upper Arm – ANSWER- Brachial
Identify the region: Neck – ANSWER- Cervical
Identify the region: lower back – ANSWER- Lumbar
Identify the region: back of the head – ANSWER- Occipital
Identify the region: mouth – ANSWER- Oral
Identify the region: Arm pit – ANSWER- Axillary
Identify the region: Inner arm – ANSWER- Antecubital
Identify the region: front of knee – ANSWER- Patellar
Identify the region: back of knee – ANSWER- Popliteal
Identify the region: fingers – ANSWER- Digital
Identify the region: Upper leg – ANSWER- Femoral
Identify the region: wrist – ANSWER- Carpal
The heart, stomach, and kidneys are an example of what? – ANSWEROrgans
Digestion, excretion, and reproduction are an example of what? –
ANSWER- An organ system
A human is an example of what? – ANSWER- Organism
________ feedback is one way our bodies regulate
homeostasis. – ANSWER- Negative feedback
When the body is in anatomical position, the body is erect and facing
which way? – ANSWER- Forward
When the body is in anatomical position, the palms are facing which
direction? – ANSWER- Forward
Directional Terminology: Front – ANSWER- Anterior
Directional Terminology: Back – ANSWER- Posterior
Directional Terminology: Above – ANSWER- Superior
HONDROS BIO117 EXAM 2 LATEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL
EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|AGRADE
VERSION A
The 5 regions of the spine are… – ANSWER- 1. Cervical Vertebrae 2.
Thoracic Vertebrae, 3. Lumbar Vertebrae, 4. Sacrum, 5. Coccyx
The Cervical Vertebrae consists of how many bones? – ANSWER- 7
The Thoracic Vertebrae consists of how many bones? – ANSWER- 12
The Lumbar Vertebrae consists of how many bones? – ANSWER- 5
The Sacrum consists of how many bones? – ANSWER- 1 sacrum in the
vertebral column ; consists of 5 bones
The Coccyx consists of how many bones? – ANSWER- 1 coccyx in the
vertebral column ; consists of 4 bones.
The special cartilage discs which helps protect each vertebrae are
called… – ANSWER- Intervertebral discs
How many pairs of ribs are there – ANSWER- 12
Ribs are connected to sternum by – ANSWER- costal cartilage
The ribs are connected to what part of the vertebral column? –
ANSWER- Thoracic
What are the four regions of the sternum? – ANSWER- 1. Manubrium 2.
Body 3. Sternomanubrial joint 4. Xiphoid process
Ribs 1-7 are called – ANSWER- true ribs
Ribs 8-10 are called – ANSWER- false ribs
Ribs 11 and 12 are called – ANSWER- floating ribs
What are the two Girdles of the appendicular skeleton that are
responsible for attachment of the arms and legs? – ANSWER- Pectoral
and Pelvic
Which bones make up the pectoral girdle? – ANSWER- clavicle and
scapula
Is the sacrum part of the pelvic girdle or the vertebral column? –
ANSWER- Vertebral column
What bones make up the pelvic girdle? – ANSWER- ilium, ischium,
pubis
Where do you find long bones? – ANSWER- In the appendicular
skeleton / arms and legs
Bone is a form of connective tissue, specifically
________ tissue ? – ANSWER- Osseous tissue
The process of bone formations is called – ANSWER- Ossification
The matrix of osseous tissue is made up of 3 main things: – ANSWER1. Calcium 2. Phosphate 3. Collagen
What are the two major divisions of the skeletal system? – ANSWERaxial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
The skull, spine, sternum, and ribs are part of what division of the
skeletal system? – ANSWER- Axial
The girdles, arms, and legs are part of what division of the skeletal
system? – ANSWER- Appendicular
The tympanic cavity is located in the… – ANSWER- Ear
What part of the skull contains the ossicles – ANSWER- Tympanic
Cavity
These bones of the skull; frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary
are called the… – ANSWER- Paranasal Sinuses
Another name for the spine is… – ANSWER- Vertebral Column
The vertebral column consists of how many regions? – ANSWER- 5
regions
Osteo means? – ANSWER- Bone
What matures bone cells? – ANSWER- osteocytes
What build up bone? – ANSWER- osteoblasts
What breaks down bone? – ANSWER- osteoclasts
Where do we find bone marrow – ANSWER- Inside the bones
Red bone marrow makes – ANSWER- red blood cells
HONDROS BIO117 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2023-2024
ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 300 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|AGRADE
VERSION A
What are the types of connective tissue? – ANSWER- -cartilage
-Adipose tissue
-bone
-blood
What is adipose tissue? – ANSWER- fat tissue
What is a fibroblast? – ANSWER- a cell in connective tissue that
produces collagen and other fibers.
What is a chondrocyte? – ANSWER- cartilage cell
What is osteocytes? – ANSWER- bone cells
What are ligaments? – ANSWER- Connect bone to bone
What are tendons? – ANSWER- Connect muscle to bone
What is fascia? – ANSWER- Binds muscle to muscle
What is aponeuroses? – ANSWER- connect muscle to muscle or bone
What is skeletal muscle? – ANSWER- also called striated muscle, it is
attached to the skeleton by tendons; contraction of skeletal muscles is
under voluntary control
What is cardiac muscle? – ANSWER- heart muscle, involuntary
What is smooth muscle? – ANSWER- Found in the walls of all the
hollow organs of the body except the heart. It contraction reduces the
size of these structures; movement generally is considered Involuntary
What is the smooth ER? – ANSWER- It extends from the rough ER to
form a network of membrane tubules. Unlike rough ER, smooth ER does
not have ribosomes on the outer surfaces of its membrane. However
smooth ER contains unique enzymes that make it functionally more
diverse than rough ER. As mentioned above one of the functions of
smooth ER is to detoxify drugs.
What is the rough ER? – ANSWER- It is continuous with the nuclear
membrane and usually is folded into a series of flattened sacs. The outer
surfaw of rough ER is studded with ribosomes, the sites of protein
synthesis.
What does the nervous system consist of? – ANSWER- brain, spinal
cord, nerves(neurons, and neuroglia)
What is cell division? – ANSWER- the division of a cell into two
daughter cells with the same genetic material.
What are the types of membranes? – ANSWER- cutaneous, mucous,
serous, synovial,epitheal
What is the cutaneous membrane? – ANSWER- skin
What is a mucous membrane? – ANSWER- an epithelial tissue that
secretes mucus and that lines many body cavities and tubular organs
including the gut and respiratory passages.
What is a serous membrane? – ANSWER- A thin, continuous membrane
lining a closed cavity of the body and covering its organs
What does visceral mean? – ANSWER- covering organs
What does the parietal line? – ANSWER- body wall
What is the epidermis? – ANSWER- Outer layer of skin
What is the dermis? – ANSWER- Support layer below the epidermis
What is the hypodermis? – ANSWER- A layer of adipose (fat) tissue that
stores energy and cushions other organs
What is the appendicular skeleton? – ANSWER- girdles, arms and legs
What is the axial skeleton? – ANSWER- bones of skull, vertebral
column, sternum, and ribs
Where is the Skull located? – ANSWER- head
Where is the spine located? – ANSWER- spinal cavity
Where is the sternum located? – ANSWER- In the anterior (front)
midline of the chest.
Where are the ribs located? – ANSWER- right and left hypochondriac
regions
What are true ribs? – ANSWER- ribs 1-7, each has its own costal
cartilage connecting it to the sternum
What are flase ribs – ANSWER- 8-10
What are floating ribs? – ANSWER- Ribs 11-12
HONDROS BIO117 EXAM 3 LATEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL
EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|AGRADE
Which of the following events happens at the QRS complex? –
ANSWER- Blood is pumped to the lungs and the body
The first heart sound is heard when what valves close? – ANSWER- AV
Valves
The ileocecal sphincter is found in between: – ANSWER- Small
intestines and large intestines
The second heart sound is heard when what valves close? – ANSWERSemilunar Valves
The “lub” is the first heart sound, commonly termed what? – ANSWERS1
The large intestine absorbs what substance? – ANSWER- Water
The “dub” is the second heart sound, commonly termed what? –
ANSWER- S2
The first heard sound is heard during which part of an EKG? –
ANSWER- QRS Complex
Bradycardia is what? – ANSWER- slow heart rate
Tachycardia is what? – ANSWER- fast heart rate
(True or False) The atria and ventricles can be relaxed at the same time –
ANSWER- True
_________ is when the valves of the heart cannot fully
open. – ANSWER- Stenosis
__________ is when the valves of the heart cannot fully
close. – ANSWER- Insufficiency
(True or False) The AV valves and the semilunar valves can be open at
the same time. – ANSWER- False
ASD stands for what? – ANSWER- Atrial Septal Defect
VSD stands for what? – ANSWER- Ventricular Septal Defect
(True or False) The atria and ventricles can be contracted at the same
time. – ANSWER- False
A “hole” in the wall that separates the top two chambers of the heart. –
ANSWER- Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
A “hole” in the wall that separates the lower two chambers of the heart. –
ANSWER- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
After the SA node, electricity flows to: – ANSWER- AV Node
What is another name for Myocardial Infarction? – ANSWER- heart
attack
What is the condition called when oxygenated blood cannot be delivered
to the heart tissue via the coronary arteries… The lack of oxygen to the
heart kills cardiac muscle cells? – ANSWER- Myocardial infarction
(heart attack)
Angina is what? – ANSWER- Heart pain
Is Vitamin A fat soluble or water soluble? – ANSWER- fat soluble
Is Vitamin D fat soluble or water soluble? – ANSWER- fat soluble
Is Vitamin B fat soluble or water soluble? – ANSWER- water soluble
Is Vitamin C fat soluble or water soluble? – ANSWER- water soluble
Is Vitamin E fat soluble or water soluble? – ANSWER- fat soluble
Is Vitamin K fat soluble or water soluble? – ANSWER- fat soluble
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are absorbed by? – ANSWER- Fat
Vitamins B and C are absorbed by? – ANSWER- Water
Vitamin A is essential for what? – ANSWER- Skin and Retina
Vitamin C is essential for what? – ANSWER- Immunity, Collagen, and
Cholesterol Regulation
Vitamin B is essential for what? – ANSWER- Energy, Growth +
Development, RBC, and Cholesterol Regulation.
Name the mineral that is essential for water balance and nerve impulse
conduction. – ANSWER- Sodium (Na+)