Client centered care Exam 2
GI Tract is made up of what
(Ans- The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large
intestines, rectum, and anus.
Accessory organs of the GI
(Ans- The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Functions of the upper GI
(Ans- Chewing, swallowing, and breaking down food particles.
Risk factors for oral cancer
(Ans- Cigarette smoking, tobacco use, pipe smoking, excessive alcohol
use, infection with HPV, and genetic predisposition
Signs and symptoms of oral cancer
(Ans- Lesions on the tongue or mucosa, sores or discoloration of the lips
or mouth that don’t heal
treatment of oral cancer
(Ans- radiation, chemotherapy, surgery that may require the creation of a
tracheostomy
Nursing care of a patient with oral cancer
(Ans- Involves monitoring respiratory status, nutritional support, and
comfort measures
Esophageal cancer/ gastric cancer risk factors
(Ans- Smoking, excessive alcohol use
cause of esophageal cancer
(Ans- Barrett esophagus
Barrett esophagus
(Ans- Precancerous condition due to longstanding GERD, the constant
irritation of the esophagus by stomach fluids can cause cells to become
malignant.
Signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer
(Ans- dysphagia, hoarseness, persistent cough, halitosis, regurgitation of
foods, and weight loss.
Treatment of esophageal cancer
(Ans- Endoscopic therapies and surgeries. Esophagectomy is less
commonly done due to complication rate
respiratory acidosis
(Ans- A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a
resulting accumulation of Co2.
respiratory alkalosis
(Ans- Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and
a resulting decrease in CO2.
metabolic acidosis
(Ans- decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in
metabolism
metabolic alkalosis
(Ans- elevation of HCO3- usually caused by an excessive loss of metabolic
acids
respiratory acidosis
(AnsCauses: shallow, slow respirations-> Hypoventilation; respiratory
congestion or obstruction.
Can be due to COPD, severe pneumonia, or excessive sedation;
respiratory muscle weakness.
Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis
(Ans- Hypoventilation, dyspnea, anxiety, and confusion
ABG values for respiratory acidosis
(Ans- pH less than 7.35, PaCO2 greater than 45
causes of metabolic acidosis
(Ans- shock, DKA, lactic acidosis, renal failure, diarrhea, and starvation