PRN 1178 client centered care 2 exam 1
4 main functions of water in the body
(AnsAct as a vehicle of transportation of substances to and from cell
Aid heat regulations by providing perspiration which evaporates
Assist with maintenance of hydrogen balance in the body
To serve as a medium for the enzymatic action for digestion
How much of the body is water?
(Ans- More than half – 60% males contain 50% females contain 60% due to
fat tissue
Lose more fluid through skin than adults
(Ans- Infants – kidneys are not as efficient as adults less fluid absorption
Adults – age related decline in total body water
(Ans- Diminished thirst sensations; decrease in urine concentrating abilities
of kidneys; decreases the effectiveness of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Hypovolemia
(Ans- Abnormal decrease in the volume of blood plasma (occurs with
dehydration or bleeding)
What is critical in maintaining homeostasis
(Ans- Water
Cells can’t function without
(Ans- Water – death will occur
Electrolytes are
(Ans- Minerals or salt dissolved in body fluid. Major source is from diet
Electrolytes are measured
(Ans- MEq/L
Electrolytes in
(Ans- A solution breaks into particles known as ions from reactions from
hydrogen and electrolyte
Ions
(Ans- Develop a positive electrical charge known as citations; for each
positive charge in a fluid compartment there must be a negatively charged
anion so that the balance is maintained
Circulating blood volume
(Ans- 4 to 6 liters
Erythrocytes
(Ans- Red cells – carried in plasma
Leukocytes
(Ans- White cells – carried in plasma
Platelets
(Ans- thrombocytes – carried in plasma
Cancer
(Ans- Results from defect in DNA genes; Inherited or caused by mutation;
carcinogens is external and internal environment men and women who are overweight by 40% or more have a 33%-35% greater risk of developing cancer than persons of normal weight
Environmental agents
(Ans- Carcinogen exposure ( x-rays, sun, UV light, lifestyle, tobacco use )
viruses are capable of introducing new genetic material into normal cell and
transforming it into a malignant one