WGU C175 Pre-Assessment Data
Management – Foundations Exam (Latest
2023/ 2024) Questions and Verified AnswersGrade A
Q: Which data classification is an entity?
A) Event
B) Duration
C) Directions
D) Attendance
Answer:
Event
Q: A salesperson is authorized to sell 12 products; a product can be sold by 10 salespersons.
Which kind of binary relationship is described in this example?
A) One-to-one
B) One-to-many
C) Many-to-many
D) Associative
Answer:
Many-to-many
Q: Which three kinds of rules for referential integrity are provided by modern relational
database management systems?
Choose 3 answers
A) Sort
B) Insert
C) Query
D) Delete
E) Update
F) Retrieve
Answer:
Insert, Delete, Update
Q: (3) examples of a relation in 1NF
Answer:
- It has multiple candidate keys
- All of the key attributes are defined
- All attributes are dependent on the primary key
Q: The SQL command that enables you to make changes in the data is __.
Answer:
UPDATE
Q: Which command would be used to delete the table row where the P_Code = ‘2238/QPD’?
Answer:
DELETE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE P_CODE = ‘2238/QPD’;
Q: Which command is used to select partial table contents?
Answer:
SELECT
FROM
WHERE ; Q: A _ join returns rows with matching values and includes all rows from both tables (T1 and T2) with unmatched values. Answer: full outer Q: A relational operator that allows for the combination of information from two or more tables is known as the operator.
Answer:
JOIN
Q: The entity integrity rule requires that .* Answer: All primary key entries are unique Q: We can describe a link by observing that .
Answer:
A primary key (PK) of one table appears again as a foreign key in a related table
Q: An attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each entity in a table is
called a . Answer: SuperKey Q: A foreign key must _.
Answer:
WGU C175 Data Management – Foundations
Final Exam (Latest 2023/ 2024) Questions
and Verified Answers- Grade A
Q: A one-to-many unary relationship allows an occurrence of the entity type on the “one side”
of the relationship to be associated with .
a) a single occurrence of the same entity type b) multiple occurrences of the same entity type
c) a single occurrence of the different entity type on the “many side” of the relationship
d) multiple occurrences of the different entity type on the “many side” of the relationship
e) multiple occur
Answer:
B
Q: A many-to-many unary relationship allows an occurrence of one entity type to be associated
with .
a) a single occurrence of the same entity type
b) multiple occurrences of the same entity type(e.g. Bill-of-Material, “Compo- nent” as a table).
c) a single occurrence of another entity type d) multiple occurrences of another entity type e)
multiple occurrences of three entity types
Answer:
B
Q: In a university setting, every professor reports to another professor who is the department
chair. This is a relationship.
a) one-to-one binary
b) one-to-many binary
c) many-to-many binary d)one-to-one unary
e) one-to-many unary
Answer:
E
Q: A single piece of data is the business environment.
a) a fact about (data can be any form, not necessary be a record)
b) a record describing an object in c) the same thing as an object in
d) a file describing an object in e) an event in
Answer:
A
Q: An entity is in the business environment.
a) a fact about an object b) a record in a file
c) an object or event d) an attribute
e) a file
Answer:
C
Q: An attribute is .
a) a collection of objects of the same type b) a characteristic of an entity
c) a record of a file
d) a collection of records of the same type e) an event
Answer:
B
Q: Which of the following is the unique identifier of an entity?
a) field b) key
c) record type
d) record occurrence e) file
Answer:
B
Q: Which of the following does not change the contents of a table?
a) retrieve b) insert
c) delete d) update
e) all of the above
Answer:
A
Q: All of the following are basic principles of the database concept, except .
a) maintaining redundant data that does not cause data integrity problems b) the ability to store
data in a non-redundant fashion
c) the ability to store data representing entities involved in multiple relation- ships
d) striving to achieve a high degree of data independence e) data integration
Answer:
A
Q: All of the following are problems caused by redundant data, except .
a) wasted disk space
b) additional processing time for data updates
c) wasted network transmission time d) potential data integrity problems
e) the possibility of having what should be the same data value in two different files having
different values.
Answer:
C
Q: Problems caused by two or more users trying to update the same data simultaneously fall
primarily under the heading of .
a) computer security
b) backup and recovery c) concurrency control d) integration control
e) access control
Answer:
C
Q: Rebuilding a database after it is destroyed by a natural disaster is an aspect of .
a) computer security
b) backup and recovery c) concurrency control d) integration control
e) access control
Answer:
B
Q: When data structures can be modified without affecting the programs that use the data, we
say that the environment is highly .
a) secure
b) recoverable
c) data structured
d) data independent e) data dependent
Answer:
D
Q: A data definition language (DDL) .
a) is the same as a data manipulation language
b) is limited to defining the size and type of attributes
c) specifies what tables will be in the database, what attributes will be in the tables, and which
attributes will be indexed
d) specifies the programming language statements that will be used to access the data in a
relational database
e) specifies the operating system parameters that will permit the relational
DBMS to function within its environment
Answer:
C
Q: A data manipulation language (DML) is capable of .
a) inserting new records or rows into a relation b) deleting records or rows of a relation
c) retrieving data from a relation d) a and b above
e) a, b, and c above
Answer:
E
WGU C175 Data Management – Foundations
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Q: What are the requirements of first normal form?
a) No value in a table should depend on only part of a key that can be used to uniquely identify a
row
b) Values in each cell should be atomic and tables should have no repeating groups.
c) Values should not be stored if they can be calculated from another non-key field.
d) all of the above
Answer:
b
Q: What are the requirements of second normal form?
a) No value in a table should depend on only part of a key that can be used to uniquely identify a
row
b) Values in each cell should be atomic and tables should have no repeating groups.
c) Values should not be stored if they can be calculated from another non-key field.
d) a and b
Answer:
d- while the definition is a, second normal form must also meet first normal form as well.
Q: What are the requirements of third normal form?
a) No value in a table should depend on only part of a key that can be used to uniquely identify a
row
b) Values in each cell should be atomic and tables should have no repeating groups.
c) Values should not be stored if they can be calculated from another non-key field.
d) all of the above
Answer:
d- while the definition is ‘c’, third normal form must meet all previous forms as well.
Q: What is denormalization?
a) No value in a table should depend on only part of a key that can be used to uniquely identify a
row
b) The process of intentionally duplicating information in a table, in violation of normalization
rules.
c) specifies database requirements without regard to a specific database system.
d) Values should not be stored if they can be calculated from another non-key field.
Answer:
b- it is done after normalizing a database, it does not skip normalization all together. It is about
trade offs, while it may make a gain in speed it may reduce consistency.
Q: Second normal form tells you to in addition to being compliant with first normal
form.
a) remove repeating groups
b) ensure no non-key field is dependent on only part of a composite key c) ensure that no nonkey field is dependent on the entire composite key
d) ensure that no non-key field is dependent on another non-key field
Answer:
b- before you get to 2NF, you need to make sure your tables have no repeating groups.
Q: If you can figure out the value of one non-key field in a row by looking at another non-key
field in that same row, what do you violate?
a) Second normal form
b) the rules of the space time continuum c) first normal form
d) third normal form
Answer:
d- 3NF tells you that each field in a row should represent something unique about a record.
Q: In order to put a database into Third normal form, . a) it must also be in first and
second normal form
b) the database must contain three tables
c) it must not be in either first or second normal form
d) you can skip right to third normal form
Answer:
a- Normalization is a progressive
process, and higher forms depends on the database being compliant with lower forms as well.
Q: What does denormalization refer to?
a) storing different types of data in a particular column
b) only complying with their normal form and skipping the first two c) skipping the
normalization process
d) consciously choosing to violate the rules of normality in order to improve speed or for some
other business reason
Answer:
d- Denormalization is usually a trade off between speed and integrity.
Q: First normal form tells you to do what?
a) check that data in fields matches the data type specified for them b) remove repeating groups
c) ensure that no non-key field is dependent on only part of a composite key d) ensure that no
non-key field is dependent on another non-key field
Answer:
b- If you find yourself adding lists of things in individual fields or adding columns to represent
additional fields of the same type, you’re probably creating repeating groups. And
1NF tells you that you need to refactor your tables if that happens.
Q: When might you choose to denormalize a table?
a) You don’t have time to follow the normalization process b) There is never a new fit to
denormalizing a table
c) Retrieving the data upon request would be slow or burdensome, and you are able to precalculate or store a copy of the data somewhere it can be retrieved faster
d) Our tables are small, and normalization is not a concern
Answer:
c- If you need to prioritize the speed of a particular operation, you might choose to denormalize,
as long as you remain aware of the threat to database integrity.
Q: What does normalization help you do?
a) reduce redundancy b) organize tables
c) improve integrity
d) all of the above
Answer:
d- The normalization process provides a framework to think about how data is organized.
Q: A table has two rows with the same values in all columns. Which step can you take to have
this table meet the first normal form requirements?
a) Consolidate all table columns into a single columns b) Delete one of the rows
c) Add a primary key to the table
d) Move both rows to the end of the table
Answer:
c- The primary key will add a unique value for each row, thus eliminating the repeating
duplicate rows issue.
Q: What’s types of languages can SQL be used as?
a) HTML b) DDL c) DML
d) both b and c
Answer:
d
Q: What is DDL?
a) for defining and designing databases b) for manipulating databases
c) for normalization
d) for DBMS
Answer:
WGU C175 Data Management – Foundations
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with Questions and Verified Answers- 100%
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Q: What are the five basic principles of The Database Concept?
Answer:
- The creation of a datacentric environment that is a significant company resource, which can be
shared inside and outside the company. - The ability to achieve data integration while storing data in a non-redundant fashion.
- The ability to store data representing entities involved in multiple relationships w/o
introducing data redundancy. - Managing data control issues such as data security, backup and recovery, and concurrency
control. - High degree of data independence.
Q: What are the four major DBMS approaches?
Answer:
- Hierarchical
- Network
- Relational
- Object-oriented
Q: What are four key differences between a RELATION and a FILE?
Answer: - The columns of a relation can be arranged in any order w/o affecting the meaning of the data.
That is not true of a file. - Similarly, the rows of a relation can be arranged in any order, which is not true of a file.
- Every row/column position, sometimes referred to as a “cell”, can have only a single value,
which is not necessarily true in a file. - No two rows of a relation are identical, which is not necessarily true in a file.
Q: * in the SELECT clause
Answer: - It indicates that all attributes of the selected row are to be retrieved
Q: AND operator
Answer: - It displays a record if more than one condition is true
Q: AVG() function
Answer: - It returns the average value of a numeric column.
Q: BETWEEN operator
Answer: - It allows you to specify a range of numeric values in a search.
Q: DISTINCT operator
Answer: - It is used to eliminate duplicate rows in a query result.
Q: IN operator
Answer:
- It allows you to specify a list of character strings to be included in a search
Q: JOIN clause
Answer: - It is used to combine rows from more than one table, based on a common field between them.
Sometimes it is done by using the ‘=’ symbol.
Q: LIKE operator
Answer: - It allows you to specify partial character strings in a “wildcard” sense.
Q: OR operator
Answer: - It displays a record it either the first condition OR the second condition is true.
Q: ORDER BY clause
Answer: - It simply takes the result of a SQL query and orders them by one or more specified attributes.
Q: SELECT command
WGU C175 Data Management – Foundations
Final Exam Set (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update)
Questions and Verified Answers- Already
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Q: What are the three phases of database design for large complex databases?
Answer:
analysis
logical design
physical design
Q: What are the alternative names used to describe the Analysis phase?
Answer:
conceptual design
entity-relationship modeling
and requirements
Q: How are requirements of a DBMS represented?
Answer:
entities, relationships, and attributes
Q: What is an entity?
Answer:
a person place activity or thing
Q: What is a relationship?
Answer:
a link between entities
Q: What is an attribute?
Answer:
a descriptive property of an entity
Q: How are entities relationships and attributes typically depicted in the database analysis
phase?
Answer:
ER Diagram
Q: Use Entity, Relationship, and Attribute to describe this following ER diagram.
Answer:
Q: What is the logical design phase?
Answer:
implements database requirements in a specific database system
Q: In a relational database system how are entities relationships and attributes converted in the
logical design phase?
Answer:
tables, keys, and columns
Q: What is a key?
Answer:
a column used to identify individual rows of a table
Q: How is the logical design phase depicted?
Answer:
in a table diagram
Q: Explain the requirements of a table diagram.
Answer:
Rectangles represent tables. Table names appear at the top of rectangles.
Text within rectangles and below table names represents columns.
Solid bullets (●) indicate key columns.
Empty bullets (○) and arrows indicate columns that refer to keys.
Q: What is a database schema?
Answer:
logical design as specified in SQL and depicted in a table diagram
Q: What is the physical design phase?
Answer:
adds indexed and specified how tables are organized on storage media
Q: What SQL statement is specified with physical design? (specific to DBMS)
Answer:
CREATE INDEX
Q: in relational databases how does logical and physical design affect queries?
Answer:
logical design affects the query result, physical design affects query processing speed. never the
result
Q: What is data independence?
Answer:
the principle that that physical design never affects query results
Q: What is the purpose of data independence?
Answer:
allows database designers to turn query performance without changes to application programs;
when database designers modify indexes or row order applications run faster or slower but
always generate the same results
Q: Data Independence allows the _ to be programmed before the ___ is in place.
Answer:
relational database application, physical design
WGU C175 Data Management – Foundations
Exam Prep (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update)
Questions and Verified Answers- Rated A|
100% Correct
Q: Each student at a university takes many courses; each course is taken by many students. The
semester that a student took a course and the grade that the student received in the course is
called _ data. Answer: Intersection Q: An associative entity is an alternate way of expressing a(n) .
Answer:
many-to-many binary relationship
Q: An one-to-one unary relationship .
Answer:
involves a single entity type
Q: An one-to-many unary relationship allows an occurrence of the entity type on the “one side”
of the relationship to be associated with _.
Answer:
multiple occurrences of the same entity type
Q: A many-to-many unary relationship allows an occurrence of one entity type to be associated
with . Answer: multiple occurrences of the same entity type Q: A ternary relationship allows an occurrence of one entity type to be associated with .
Answer:
multiple occurrences of two other entity types
Q: Every professor reports to another professor who is the department chair. This is a _ relationship. Answer: one-to-many unary Q: Each student is paired with another student for the purpose of getting assignments and turning in work for the other if he is out of school for any reason. This is a relationship.
Answer:
one-to-one unary
Q: A university wants to keep track of which professor (1) taught which subject (2) to which
student (3). This is a __ relationship.
Answer:
ternary
Q: A single piece of data is _ the business environment. Answer: a fact about Q: An entity is in the business environment.
Answer:
an object or event
Q: An entity set is a .
Answer:
Collection of entities of the same type
Q: An attribute is a _.
Answer:
Characteristic of an entity
Q: What is a description of a particular entity?
Answer:
Record occurrence
Q: Which of the following is the unique identifier of an entity?
Answer: