WGU C207 Data-Driven Decision Making
(Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Vocabularies with
Verified Definitions- 100% Correct
V: Independent Events
Answer:
Events that are not effected by other trials or events,
V: Complimentary events
Answer:
Events with two outcomes that are the only possible outcome. Like flipping a coin.
V: Conditional Probability
Answer:
The probability of an event occurring, given that another event has already occurred.
P(B|A) = P(A and B)/P(A)
V: Dependent Events
Answer:
An event that is affected by the previous events.
V: Probability of an Intersection
Answer:
The probability of two independent events happening.
P(A∩B) = P(A) x P(B)
V: Probability of a Union
Answer:
The collection of elements that are both A, B or both A and B.
P (AUB) = P (A) + P (B) – P (A∩B)
V: Mutually Exclusive Events
Answer:
When two or more events are not able to occur at the same time
V: Multiplication Principle
Answer:
When the probabilities of multiple events are multiplied together to determine the likelihood of
all the event occurring.
V: Inferential Statistics
Answer:
Statistics that are used to make predictions about a population from observations of a sample
V: Descriptive Statistics
Answer:
Used to describe a population from observations of that whole population
V: Sampling with Replacement
Answer:
A technique used when each piece of the population can be selected more than once.
If sampling with replacement and taking a sample of size n from a population of z, there are z^n
possible outcomes.
V: Sampling without Replacement
Answer:
A technique used when each piece of the population can only be selected once.
If you take a sample size of n without replacement, there are usually n! (n factorial) possible
outcomes. i.e. n! = 6! = 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 720
V: Permutations
Answer:
The number of unique ordered possibilities for a certain situation. nPk=n!/(n-k)!
i.e. n= Number of people P= permutations k= number of available seats
V: Factorial Operation
Answer:
n! or i.e. 5!=54321=120
or
3!=321=6
V: Combination
Answer:
The number of unique possibilities for a certain situation. nCk aka the binomial coefficient
n!/k!(n-k)!
V: Baye’s Theorem
Answer:
If you know the probability of event A, the probability of event B, and the conditional
probability of event A given event B, we can determine the probability of event B given event A.
P(A|B) = P(B|A)*P(A) / P(B)
V: Conditional Probability
Answer:
The probability of an event occurring given that another event has occurred.
V: Population variance
Answer:
where:
σ2 = the population variance
μ = the population mean
∑(x – μ)2 = the sum of the squared differences between each data point and the mean. That is,
you square each data point’s difference from the mean, then add these squared numbers together
N= the size of the population
V: Population Standard Deviation
Answer:
where:
σ2 = the population variance
μ = the population mean
∑(x – μ)2 = the sum of the squared differences between each data point and the mean. That is,
you square each data point’s difference from the mean, then add these squared numbers together
WGU C207 Pre- Assessment Data-Driven
Decision-Making Exam (Latest 2023/ 2024
Update) Questions and Verified Answers100% Correct
Q: A hardware store has found that there is a 0.25 probability that a customer buys an electrical
product, a 0.45 probability that a customer buys a plumbing product, and a 0.10 probability that a
customer buys an electrical product if they purchase a plumbing product Which statistical rule
can be used to determine the probability that a customer buys a plumbing product given that this
customer has purchased an electrical product?
Combination
Multiplication
Conditional probability
Bayes’ theorem
Answer:
Bayes’ theorem
Q: Given the following data set
9, 12, 14, 10, 8, 11, 12
What is the mode? 8
9
11
12
Answer:
12
Q: Which graphical tool is used to illustrate a possible relationship or correlation between two
variables?
Run chart Scatterplot Box plot
Histogram
Answer:
Scatterplot
Q: What does it mean when an individual data point has a z-score of -2? The data point is two
standard deviations less than the mean of the data set. The sample standard deviation of the data
set is negative.
The data point is equal to the mean of the data set
The data point is greater than the mean of the data set.
Answer:
The data point is two standard deviations less than the mean of the data set
Q: A research study examined the impact of product advertisement ex- posure on that product’s
brand awareness. The appropriate statistical test indicates that the null hypothesis should be
rejected at the 5% significance level.
What can be concluded from this study?
Five percent of the subjects did not like the advertisement
The advertisement was effective in building brand awareness. The advertisement was effective in
increasing sales.
Ninety-five percent of the subjects liked the brand.
Answer:
The advertisement was effective in building brand awareness.
Q: A manager analyzes a data set that includes information on individual incomes. The
manager knows that the data set is fairly representative of the general population and includes
several millionaires.
Based on this data set, which measure of central tendency best represents the middle of the
distribution?
Median
Mean
Frequency
Mode
Answer:
Median
Q: After evaluating manufacturing times for a particular product, a man- ager determines that
the times are spread out across the distribution. The manager has been asked to determine how
far, on average, the time is from the mean.
Which statistic roughly measures the average distance of a data point from the mean of the
distribution?
Mode
Standard deviation
Median
Arithmetic mean
Answer:
Standard deviation
Q: The number of customers that an automobile service shop receives on any given day is
normally distributed with a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 25 On a given day, 125 oil
changes are performed. probability on a given day of 125 or fewer oil changes performe
97.7% 67%
68.5%
99%
Answer:
97.7%
Q: A nonprofit organization ran an e-mail campaign with three different messages to solicit
additional donations. What should the nonprofit organization use to determine if the average
donation differs for the different messages?
Median ANOVA Mean
T-test
Answer:
ANOVA
Q: A manager of a call center is in charge of creating a staffing plan. The number of calls
received per day is normally distributed.
WGU C207 Data-Driven Decision-Making
Exam (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Questions
and Verified Answers- 100% Correct| Grade
A
Q: What is the process of quality control?
Answer:
Reduce/ minimize errors
Q: All variable measurements and manipulations are under the researcher’s control
Answer:
Experimental study
Q: Used when impractical or impossible to control the conditions of the study
Answer:
Observational study
Q: Participants are not told if they are in the treatment group or control group
Answer:
Blind Study
Q: The procedure the researcher applies to each subject
Answer:
Treatments
Q: Neither the treatment allocator nor the participants know who is in the treatment group or
control group
Answer:
Double blind study
Q: Questions favor and outcome or the interviewer ask questions that favor an outcome.
Answer:
Information Bias
Q: The average outcome (payoff) when the future includes scenarios that may or may not
happen
Answer:
Expected Monetary Value (EMV) Analysis
Q: Observation points that are distant from other observations.
Answer:
Outliers
Note: Can be included or excluded in analysis (causes skewness)
Q: Bias that occurs from not selecting a random sample
Answer:
Measurement bias
Q: Bias introduced because respondents believe it will be beneficial if selected.
Answer:
Conscious bias
Q: Middle score for a set of data
Answer:
Median
Note: Skewness does not affect the median
Q: Tells us the number of standard deviations a data point is from the mean.
Answer:
Z-score = (Value – Mean) / Std Deviation
Q: If the average is the same for two groups, what will determine their difference?
Answer:
Variance (Standard Deviation)
Q: The spread of data in a sample. How far the data points are from the mean.
Answer:
Standard deviation
Q: Measure of central tendency that is influenced by the size of the values in a dataset
Answer:
Mean
Note: Skewness does affect the mean
Q: Each of the four quartile groups a population can be divided
Answer:
Quartiles
Q: Measures the difference between the third and first quartile
Answer:
IQR: Inter-quartile range
Note: Must be ordered in lowest to highest value
Q: Used to study the composition of a data set and examine the distribution
Answer:
Box Plot
Q: There are six toll booths to enter the highway. What probability does each toll booth worker
have of getting the next customer?
Answer:
1 customer and 6 booths = 1/6 or 16.7%
Q: The order you pick you sample in does not matter
WGU C207 Data-Driven Decision-Making
Final Exam (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update)
Questions and Verified Answers- 100%
Correct| Already Grade A
Q: You survey 100 New Yorkers about their preference for New York-style or Chicago-style
pizza. What would be wrong with this?
Answer:
You would encounter measurement bias
Q: Cleaning and organizing collected raw data refers to?
Answer:
data management
Q: The science of using mathematical procedures to describe data is __.
Answer:
statistics
Q: Suppose you wanted to measure the air quality in cities with a higher proportion of bicycle
riders to drivers. What kind of study might you use?
Answer:
observational study
Q: Suppose you were to use analytics in an experiment to determine how many salespeople to
assign to particular sales territories based on the makeup and performance of the territories in the
results of the experiment. You would be using which kind of analytics?
Answer:
Prescriptive
Q: Suppose you employed analytics to determine which sales territories had shown the most
profitable growth in the last four quarters and would most likely do so again in the future. You
would be using which kind of analytics?
Answer:
Predictive
Q: Suppose you were making a simplified representation of a complex problem in order to
solve it, which stage of the Three Stage Model would you be in?
Answer:
Solving the problem
Q: Assume you are measuring the various returns on investment, over the past year, for four
different stocks in your portfolio. You find the following values (each as a percent of your
investment): 4.68, 5.65, 3.78, -0.46, 6.91. What kind of data are these data points?
Answer:
continous data
Q: Bethany notices that her husband is wearing a blue sweater on Tuesday. She cannot
remember what he has worn previous Tuesdays. The next Tuesday she notices he is wearing
another blue sweater. She concludes that if it is Tuesday he will wear a blue sweater having data
from her experiment to support this. What is the flaw with this experiment?
Answer:
Small sample size
Q: Doctor Andrews has been trying to measure likelihood of heart attack risk. Doctor Andrews
decides to monitor hair length in people to determine those at high risk of heart attack. What is
the flaw with this experiment?
Answer:
Operationalization
Q: Mr. Wonka notices that the last twenty times he invented a new chocolate candy, his major
competitors, Count Chocula and the Easter Bunny, have big sales in late October. Mr. Wonka
feels directly responsible for the profit of his competitors. What is the flaw with this experiment?
Answer:
Association vs. causation
Q: Standard deviation measures
Answer:
the dispersion from the average for the data set.
Q: Jane works for a public health company. She is working on an anti-tobacco campaign and is
interested in how smoking cigarettes affects a smoker’s cholesterol. She could use the number of
cigarettes smoked per day as her variable and place it on the _-axis.
Answer:
Independent and x
Q: What is not a technique a manager uses when forecasting?
Answer:
Transitive
Q: A trend is a…
Answer:
a general slope upward or downward over a long period of time.
Q: If there is a relationship between variables, but the relationship is not linear, what possible
challenge with regression could it be?
Answer:
Polynominal regression
Q: A Monte Carlo simulation runs many _ after have been made about
the probability of different outcomes.
Answer:
iterations, assumptions
Q: How do you determine the early finish date for an activity in a network diagram?
Answer:
Add the duration of the activity to the early start date
Q: A team has just completed its cause-and-effect diagram and now wants to decide which of
the root causes that they uncovered is the key driver to focus on, as they develop a solution to
their problem. What tool should they use?
WGU C207 Data-Driven Decision Making
Exam (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Guide with
Verified Answers- 100% Correct
Q: The probability that a random variable will be found at a value less than or equal to a given
number
Answer:
Cumulative distributions
Q: A measure of the extent to which customers are satisfied with the products and related
services they received from a supplier.
Answer:
Customer satisfaction
Q: The total elapsed time to move a unit of work from the beginning to the end of a physical
process, as defined by the producer and the customer.
Answer:
Cycle time
Q: Repetition of up (peaks) or down movements (troughs) that follow or counteract a business
cycle that can last several years
Answer:
Cyclicality
Q: The management, including cleaning and storage, of collected data.
Answer:
Data Management
Q: the process of discovering patterns in large data sets; performed on big data to decipher
patterns from these large databases
Answer:
Data Mining
Q: A collection of related data records on a storage device.
Answer:
Data Set
Q: A decision making model developed by Thomas Davenport and Jinho Kim that consists of
three stages: framing the problem, solving the problem, and communicating results
Answer:
Davenport Kim Three Stage Model
Q: The variable whose value depends on one or more variables in the equation; typically the
cost or activity to be predicted
Answer:
Dependent Variable
Q: A category of customer used in the calculation of the Net Promoter Score that indicates an
unhappy customer.
Answer:
Detractor
Q: Data that can only take on whole values and has clear boundaries
Answer:
Discrete Data
Q: A study performed where neither the treatment allocator nor the participant knows which
group the participant is in
Answer:
Double Blind Study
Q: Net income (after taxes) earned in excess of the amount of net income required to earn the
company’s cost of capital.
Answer:
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Q: study of the incidence, distribution and possible control of diseases and other factors relating
to health
Answer:
Epidemiology
Q: An outcome that occurs
Answer: