Origin of the universe – correct answer 13.7 billion years ago (Ga)
Condensation of our solar system – correct answer 4.56 Ga
Oldest rock – correct answer About 4 Ga
What 8 elements make up 99% of Earth? – correct answer Fe, Si, O,Mg, Al, Ca, Ni, S
Moho – correct answer Separates crust from mantle
How thick is the…
Continental crust?
Oceanic crust? – correct answer 40 Km
7Km
What elements are the crust composed of? – correct answer Low density silicate materials: O, Si, Al, K
What elements are the mantle composed of? – correct answer High density silicate materials: O, Si, Mg,
Fe, Ca
What is the consistency of the upper and lower mantle? – correct answer Upper 100km is strong and
rigid. Lower 100km is weak and deformable, ductile.
What elements are the outer core composed of? – correct answer Mostly Fe, but also Ni, S, and O (liquid
because of temp)
What elements are the inner mantle composed of? – correct answer Mostly Fe, but also Ni (solid
because of pressure)
Lithosphere – correct answer Crust + top of mantle- cold, strong. rigid.
Asthenosphere – correct answer Weaker part of the upper mantle- hot, weak, ductile (silly putty).
Divergent – correct answer Move away
Convergent – correct answer Pushed against one another
Transform – correct answer Slide past one another
Magnetic Timescale – correct answer Geologic time-series show that Earth’s magnetic field periodically
reverses. Sometimes a compass points north, sometimes south.
Divergent Boundaries – correct answer Occur at zones of upwelling mantle. Produces new oceanic crust.
Basaltic volcanism. Small, shallow earthquakes. Normal faults. High heat flow.
Convergent Boundaries – correct answer Explosive andesitic volcanism. Intrusion of granite at depth.
Large earthquakes, shallow to deep. Metamorphism, folds, thrust faults.
Transform Boundaries – correct answer No igneous activity. No metamorphism. Large, shallow
earthquakes. Strike-slip faults.
What are minerals? – correct answer Naturally occurring, crystalline substance, inorganic, with a specific
chemical composition.
What are rocks? – correct answer Rocks are naturally occurring aggregates of minerals; some rocks are
aggregates of non-mineral solid matter (coal or obsidian)
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