Q: What does the midline of the abdomen maintain?
Answer:
aorta, pancreas, small intestine, bladder, spine
Q: What does the color of feces come from?
Answer:
comes from yellow bile that bacteria changes to brown
Q: What is the process of bowel elimination?
Answer:
Fecal material reaches rectum
Stretch receptors initiate contraction of sigmoid colon/rectal muscles
Internal anal sphincter relaxes
Sensory impulses cause voluntary “bearing down”
External sphincter relaxes
Q: What are the factors affecting bowel elimination? (14 things)
Answer:
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the pt’s developmental stage
personal factors
-privacy
-taking the time to defecate
Nutrition/hydration
-fibrous foods throughout the day
-fluids, activity, supplements
medications
infection
anesthesia
stress
surgery
pregnancy
spinal cord injury
food allergies
diverticulosis
ileostomy
colostomy
Q: What are 7 things that promote regular bowel defecation?
Answer:
Provide privacy
Correct position
timing
Encourage fluids throughout the day
Proper diet throughout the day
exercise
bowel training
Q: What are the lab studies for feces?
Answer:
Stool for occult blood (GI bleeds, colon cancer)
Stool for fecal fat
Stool for ova and parasites
Q: What is gastritis?
Answer:
inflammation of the stomach lining
Q: What are the causes of gastritis?
Answer:
H.pylori infection
Diet (poor diet and/or excessive spicy foods, citrus juices)
Excessive intake: alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDs,
corticosteroids, coffee, caffeine
Stress
Smoking
Q: What are the s/s of gastritis?
Answer:
Pain
Nausea and/or vomiting and/or dyspepsia (heartburn)
Hematemesis and/or melena
Worsened by ingestion of food
Q: What can chronic gastritis lead to?
When chronic gastritis leads to that then what else may happen?
Answer:
destruction of parietal cells and loss of intrinsic factor production which is needed for absorption
of vitamin B12
pernicious anemia
Q: What is peptic ulcer disease?
Answer:
Ulceration in the protective barrier in the stomach and/or duodenum and tissue is not protected
from acid
Q: What are the main causes of peptic ulcer disease?
Answer:
H.pylori infection
Delayed gastric emptying
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