IICRC WATER RESTORATION
TECHNICIAN Exam Prep (2023/ 2024
Update) Questions and Verified Answers|
100% Correct
Q: Drying materials require us to control which two things…?
Answer:
Evaporation and dehumidification
Q: Wet wood subflooring Under stone or tile drying strategy requires…
Answer:
Small amounts of airflow and warm air
Q: Can you use small amounts of airflow and warm air to dry concrete?
Answer:
Yes
Q: What happens to the VP in a material when we heat it?
Answer:
It increases
Q: When you increase vapor pressure by heating, what happens to material’s potential for
evaporation…?
Answer:
It increases
Q: What happens if the material is cooler than the dewpoint temperature?
Answer:
Condensation occurs, evaporation stops
Q: VP (vapor pressure) of material = high; VP of air = low. What will happen?
Answer:
Evaporation Will occur
Q: Describe water phase changes
Answer:
With the application of heat, ice turns to a liquid and (with more heat) liquid turns to a gas. The
reversal happens with the removal of heat
Q: What does Hygroscopic mean?
Answer:
Vapor absorbing
Q: Describe some examples of secondary damage
Answer:
Microbial (mold) and bending or folding
Q: The secondary damage happened in Hygroscopic or non-Hygroscopic materials?
Answer:
Hygroscopic materials
Q: What is a balance drying system?
Answer:
When the rate of evaporation does not exceed the rate of dehumidification
Q: If you use the outdoor air in your dry process, is that an open or closed drying system?
Answer:
Open
Q: How do you know if you can use the outdoor air in your drying strategy?
Answer:
If it is warmer and dryer
Q: What does an air filtration device (AFD) do?
Answer:
Remove particulate from the air
Q: When can an AFD used?
download pdf at https://learnexams.com/search/study?query=aqa
The most critical course of action in restoration during is to an begin ___ as soon as possible
respond quickly & mitigation
All restorers should follow the standard of care for the water restoration profession developed by the restoration industry entitled the IICRC __.
s500
to help protect technicians from the many hazards associated with contaminated water losses restorers need to have ready access to several items. these items protect for all _____ to the body.
potential exposures
respiratory protection regulations state that the employer must provide
- medical evaluations
- fit testing
- training
the contract clearly states the agreement between the building owner and the restoration contractor. the form specifies who is responsible for payment and should be signed _ work begins
before
the technicians first responsibility when arriving at a water damage site is to identify communicate and eliminate _ if reasonably possible
safety hazards
federal regulations apply to handling or disturbing of __ based paint and asbestos
lead
After safety concerns have been addressed and the initial water source has been stopped, the restorer must complete an evaluation of the water’s migration through the structure. During this process, the restorer inspects all _ areas.
potentially affected
the ultimate goal is to find the edge of water migration which moves in a three dimensional path throughout the structure. this is accomplished across carpeted surfaces using a _ and across most hard surfaces using a _ (non-penetrating) moisture meter.
moisture sensor , non-invasive
water from a clean source with no substantial risk of causing sickness or discomfort is said to be
category 1
water that has significant degree of chemical biological and or physical contamination and potential to cause sickness or discomfort is _
category 2
cleaning procedures must be employed before the drying of a category 2 water loss can continue. at a minimum affected __ must be removed and disposed of and carpet must be throughly cleaned using a hot water extraction method.
carpet underlay
When water intrusion results from a grossly unsanitary source or carries __ (disease causing) agents, it is said to be Category 3.
pathogenic
worker and occupant __ and safety are the 1st priority on every sewage loss. areas affected by category 3 water intrusion are marked and posted as potentially hazardous.
health
Various cleaning and decontamination procedures must be used on Category 3 water losses, including the removal of all _ _ materials affected by the water intrusion.
highly porous
when resistance is encountered and performing proper services in a category 3 water loss becomes a challenge restorers _ immediately to prevent liability and address the conflict.
stop work
Third party experts are commonly referred to as Indoor Environmental Professionals, or __.
IEP
Losses where regulated or hazardous materials have contaminated the structure do not change the _ of water.
category
pre-existing conditions should be identified documented and communicated to all _ parties during the initial inspection.
materially interested
when carpet delimitation (the loss of integrity in the adhesives used to laminate the _ and _ backings) has occurred, further damage is very likely. for this reason when extensive carpet delimitation is discovered technicians must call it to the attention go all materially interested parties , document the condition and suggest replacement.
primary and secondary
there are number of causes for carpet delimitation – many of them relates to __ restoration activities
improper
Many building materials will absorb excess water vapor and suffer damage, especially when air is allowed to remain above __% relative humidity.
60%
Hygroscopic materials gain and lose moisture continually in an effort to with the water content in the surrounding air mass. The more hygroscopic the material, the faster it will collect water vapor, and the easier it will suffer _ damage.
equalize and secondary
When water intrusion results in water running through wall cavities, inspection access holes are used to ensure that blown-in insulation has not compacted and lost its . Wet compressed insulation should be
R-Value , removed
the most effective way to speed the drying process is to remove as much of the water in a liquid state as possible during the _ phase (for example multiple extractions.) poor extractions will significant slow the drying process.
extractions
Abide by local __ and regulations when disposing extracted water. Waste water is best disposed of into a sanitary sewer.
laws
the primary goal of the initial extraction of the affected area is to contain further __ of the water within the structure.
migration
Whenever carpet must be disengaged from the tackless strip, a _ _ and carpet awl must be used.
knee kicker
the majority of cushion has a skin or mesh on the top side. the purpose of this skin is to ease_____ during installation: it is not a vapor barrier
carpet stretching
If carpet is to be re-installed, technicians should avoid cutting carpet seams unless it is absolutely
necessary
how many gallons of water are presenting a basement that measures 30′ x 25′ where water is standing at a depth of 6’9″
30’x25’x6.75′ (9″/12″) = 5062.5 cuft x 7.48= 37,867.50
every cubic foot of standing water present in a structure contains _ gallons (28.3 liters) and each gallon (3.8 liters) of water wights 8.34pounds (3.8 kg)
7.48
there are 3 levels of biocidal activity, according to the environmental protection agency EPA( provide starting with weakest)
- sanitizer: cleaning treatment designed to reduce # of pathogenic microorganisms to a safe level.
- disinfectant: designed to destroy or inactivate microorganisms but not necessarily their spores
- Sterilizer: a product designed to destroy or eliminate all forms of microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, viruses) and their spores.
whenever a chemical antimicrobial or biocide is used restorers must follow the label __ explicitly
directions
most antimicrobials require that the area of application be vacated by __ and pets during application and or a period of time after application.
occupants
- The label is the law” get customer briefing before starting any antimicrobial / biocide treatment.
establishing is the best way to set restorative dying goals. A dry standard is established by obtaining a moisture reading using an ___ material
dry standard , unaffected
the numerical value from a moisture meter can be documented and used to monitor progress, for this reason, the amount of moisture absorbed by semiporus structural materials is measured most accurately with a moisture __ not a moister sensor.
meter
because of their non-invasive nature and quick surveying capabilities, non-invasive meters are the most effective tools for locating abnormal moisture behind and beneath finishing materials such as _ and resilient _ floor coverings.
ceramic tile , vinyl
a thermo hygrometer is used to monitor any air that can influence the and or __ within a restorative drying environment.
temperature , humidity (relative humidity)
to evaluate the progress of structural drying projects, restorers should measure:
moisture in __ being dried (moisture content readings ) being used to dry affected materials (psychrometric readings)
__produced by mechanical systems (dehumidifiers)
materials
air
air
evaporation will increase when
wet materials are made warmer
when drier air is used
air is moved more rapidly across the wet surface
after excess water has been extracted the time needed to dry wet materials is determined by the
rate of evaporation
as the water has been extracted the time needed to dry wet material is determined by the
rate of evaporation
As the water is rapidly evaporated, the water vapor is removed by ____ or _.
dehumidification or ventilation
_ occurs when liquid changes to a vapor. occurs as energy is increased
evaporation
As moisture evaporates from a wet material, the surface of the material becomes __ because energy is released from the material.
cooler
_. occurs when vapor changes to a liquid. occurs as energy is removed
condensation
__ occurs when a solid changes to a vapor( without going through a liquid phase.)
sublimation
freeze-drying (sublimation) is typically used with valuable saturated books and documents. Books and documents saturated with clean water may be restorable if _ or _ as quickly as possible
frozen or dried
__ is defined as the amount of moisture contained in an air sample as compared to the maximum amount the air could hold at the temperature.
relative humidity
when the air temperature increases , it can hold __ water vapor
more
In the restorative drying industry the weight measurement used to measure water vapor in air is grains per pound of air, abbreviated as GPP. This is called
humidity ratio
which of these surface temperatures would prompt the most rapid evaporations?
60 degrees
70 degrees
80 degrees
80
if a material is not drying well what would be the most effective method of increasing evaporation?
warm the material
one of the most effective methods of drying wet wood under hard surfaces is
heated airflow.
Use of Psychometrics chart to complete the following calculation
80 F at 60% RH
53 F at 80% RH
91 GPP
48 GPP
- which of the two conditions has the lowest vapor pressure?
53 F at 80% RH = 48 GPP
*what is the surface temperature at which condensation would become a risk for air which is 80 F at 60%
102 F (dew point)
what is the temperature in degrees F if the humidity ratio is 70 GPP and the relative humidity is 60%
72 F
__ is the temperature at which air becomes saturated with moisture and can hold no more water vapor
dew point
when air is cooled its capacity for water vapor is reduced, eventually If temperature is cooled enough, the relative humidity will reach _% or saturation. when this occurs the air has reached its point temperature.
100%
dew point
if surfaces are _ then the dew point of the surrounding air, water will condense on those surfaces and possibly cause secondary damage. if surfaces are _ then the dew point of the surrounding air, evaporation can occur.
cooler
warmer
______is the force exerted by a gas (vapor molecules) on the surrounding environment.
vapor pressure
vapor pressure, dew point, and humidity ratio (GPP) are directly related to each other. when one increases the other two . when one decreases the other two _.
increase
decrease
water vapor pressure is the force that drives higher convention of humidity from one space to another in an attempt to seek __ with lower concentration of water vapor.
equilibrium
the ability for water vapor to diffuse through a solid material is expressed as the materials _
permeance
drying systems (provide name and brief descriptions of each)
open: intentional using outdoor air
closed: using mechanical dehumidification only
combination: using outdoor air combo with mechanical dehumidification
open , closed or combination – how to decide?
is the outside air humidity ratio lower?
no : use closed drying
yes: is the outside air warmer than 70 F?
no: may use combination drying
yes: is the security, weather, customer preference
agreeable to open drying?
no: use closed drying
yes: can use open drying
if open drying is determined appropriate, the following options (while keeping building security in mind) are available to the restorer
- using ventilation
- open windows
-install fans to create pressure differentials & air exchange
__ drying systems merge the benefit of both open and closed drying: the use of available dry air from outside and the control offered by a closed system and mechanical dehumidification
combination
Elevating the temperature of a material will increase the _ associated with the moisture in the material.
vapor pressure
if the surface temperature of the material is higher than the _ temperature of the surrounding air , evaporation may occur.
dew point
which of these surfaces temperature would have the fastest rate of evaporation?
10 degree below dew point
20 degree above dew point
30 degree above dew point
30
class 1 water intrusions involve the __ amount of water absorption, with less than % of the area surface being wet porous materials.
least , 5%
class 2 water intrusions involve a _ amount of water absorption, with more than but less than __ of are surface being wet porous materials
significant
5%-40%
Class 3 water intrusion involve the _ amount of water absorption with more than _% of area surface being wet porous materials.
greatest
40%
wet material present in a class 4 water intrusion require a _ time to dry. Water has saturated deeply into the materials and is held or trapped as bound water. low evaporation material have __ absorption of water.
longer
significant
restorers must maintain their safety certified equipment properly. this includes, replacing _ that are damaged, replacing damaged inlet and outlet and checking for __ electrical plugs.
cords
screens
grounded
Install _ air mover for each __ area before you calculate additional air movers for the square feet of surfaces and for room offsets.
1
affected
dehumidification reduces the _ content of the air
moisture
A balanced drying system is achieved when the rate of dehumidification is greater than or equal to the rate of _.
evaporation
If the rate of evaporation is allowed to exceed the rate of dehumidification, ___ can occur.
secondary damage
Refrigerant dehumidifiers remove water from the air through the process of __ because of this fact, they are more efficient in higher humidity conditions. refrigerants dehumidifiers work best between 70 Degrees and 90 degrees F
condensation
LGRs produce lower __ than conventional refrigerants and continue to remove significant water vapor down to ___GPP
vapor pressure
34 GPP
Because desiccant dehumidifiers do not use condensation to remove water, they are not limited by low dew point temperatures; therefore, they produce the lowest _ of any dehumidifier.
vapor pressure
if a structure had affected air at 85 F at 65% RH the most efficient type of dehumidification to use would be a _
refrigerant
if a structure had affected air at 75 F at 25% RH the most efficient type of air dehumidifier to use would be __
desiccant
if a structure cannnot be warmed to a temperature where LGRs would be effective the most efficient type of dehumidifiers to use would be:__
desiccant
air filtration device (AFDs) are needed in water restoration work whenever high levels of __ are being added to the air
particulates
to determine how many dehumidifiers to place :
determine the __ feet (meters) affected or volume of air to be dehumidified by multiplying the area’s length x width x height
cubic
note the dehumidifier rating (Association of home appliance manufacturers or AHAM rating) of the refrigerant/LGR dehumidifier being used or the process out CFM of the desiccant dehumidifier being used. Dehumidifiers AHAM ratings are measured in pins of water removed at 80 F, 60% RH for 24 hours.
Cupping will generally be the first indication of abnormal moisture levels in hardwood flooring as the __ and sides of the board absorb moisture.
bottom
Cupping in hardwood is not _ damage, and should be dried in most cases.
permanent
__ represents the “was-wood” material with the least engineering , and thus the most natural fiber bonding. it is ___to swelling and delimitation due to its wood veneer assemblies which are glued under extreme pressure.
plywood , resistant
wet particle board would normally be
removed and replaced
plastic laminate flooring is made if MDF and has a resin saturated appearance layer. normally __ in water restoration due to its construction and installation components
removed
Remove the vinyl (flooring) and discard it if the __ is saturated and/or damaged; vinyl is a vapor barrier and the time required to dry underlayment will be dramatically reduced if the vinyl is removed.
underlayment
partial flooring of carpet can be a way to achieve drying of all surfaces simultaneously and allows __ dry air to have more contact with wet flooring.
warm
During the drying process all of the gypsums original strength is restored. in fact the dried gypsum will normally be slightly __ then before wetting.
stronger
in structures where the surface of the wall is covered with a non-_ surface as a vapor barrier, it may be necessary to remove base molding drill holes and introduce air movement.
permeable
Airflow in the wall cavity increases the rate of _ and allows the wall to dry from both inside and out.
evaporation
when ceilings are affected, drying procedures are similar to wall drying. if the ceiling is sagging or otherwise damaged, wet drywall is drained, removed, and _. removal should be done ____drying procedures begin or continue.
discarded
removed
inspections are more consistent when the overall goals are kept in mind
a) determine hoe wet items are
- monitor daily in most circumstances
-use the same meters in the same locations each day
b) determine if wet items are drying
c)determine if affected items are dry (done)
Restorers will know the drying job is dry and done when moisture meters verify that the structure has reached the _ .
drying goal
moisture documentation of restoration work should include each of the following components
a)record of moisture content (RMC)
b) moisture map-a diagram or sketch indicating the boundaries and moisture levels of the affected are.
c)record of drying conditions (RDC) or daily humidity record.
the wood is considered dry when
a) solid hardwood is within 2-4 percentage points of normal equilibrium moisture content (dry standard)
b) subsurfaces below hardwood are dried to within 2-4 percentage points of the hardwood
c) after wood flooring has been dried to acceptable moisture content, appropriate **acclimation time should be allowed before refinishing
the best way to prevent odors and retard microbial growth in a wet structure is to ensure that all materials are dried _ and _
throughly and rapidly
when the presence of mold is suspected it is important to communicate with all parties and use appropriate_____ measures.
protective
as with any contaminant mold should be removed or contained before any air movers are placed in the structure. blowing air can spread mold spores from the _ area to the rooms
contaminated , unaffected
Dry rot (wood rot) can occur when wood is visibly dry yet wetter than __% moisture content.
20
restorers must use a third party (IEP) in situations that involve severe public health issues, _ occupants living or working in the structure or extensive contamination that can affect worker or occupant health
high risk
microbial