MN551 Midterm Exam 2023: Questions And Answers
MN551 Midterm Exam 2023:
Questions And Answers
Which of the following individuals would be considered to be at risk for the
development of edema? ✔Ans – An 81-year-old man with right-sided
heart failure and hypothyroidism
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung
cancer is distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent
weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the patient’s
anorexia and cachexia? ✔Ans – Products of the tumor itself as well as a
hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
Which of the following statements best conveys an aspect of the respiratory
pressures that govern ventilation?
Question options: ✔Ans – Negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs
against the chest wall
Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old girl developed scattered bruising
over numerous body surfaces and was diagnosed with immune
thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As part of her diagnostic workup, blood
work was performed. Which of the following results is most likely to be
considered unexpected by the health care team? ✔Ans – Increased
thrombopoietin levels
Which of the following situations related to the transition from fetal to
perinatal circulation would be most likely to necessitate medical intervention?
✔Ans – Pulmonary vascular resistance, related to muscle regression in the
pulmonary arteries, rises over the course of the infant’s first week.
At which of the following locations in the nephron would a nurse practitioner
first expect blood to be largely free of plasma proteins? ✔Ans – Bowman
Space
A 51-year-old female patient who is 2 days postoperative on a surgical unit of
a hospital is at risk for developing atelectasis as a result of being largely
immobile. Which of the following teaching points by her nurse practitioner is
most appropriate?
Question options: ✔Ans – “You should breathe deeply and cough to help
your lungs expand as much as possible while you’re in bed.”
A 66-year-old patient’s echocardiogram reveals a hypertrophied left ventricle,
normal chamber volume, and a normal ejection fraction from the heart. What
is this patient’s most likely diagnosis? ✔Ans – Aortic valve stenosis
A couple who are expecting their first child have been advised by friends to
consider harvesting umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of
stem cells. The couple have approached their nurse practitioner with this
request and are seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable
and what they might expect to gain from harvesting them. How can the nurse
practitioner best respond to the couple’s inquiry? ✔Ans – “Stem cells can
be used as a source of reserve cells for the entire blood production system.”
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different
genes, neither of which could have produced the trait independently. Which of
the following explanations best captures the genetic explanation for this?
✔Ans – The outcome is the result of the interaction between collaborative
genes.
A 55-year-old man has made an appointment to see his nurse practitioner
because he has been awakening three to four times nightly to void and often
has a sudden need to void with little warning during the day. What is the
man’s most likely diagnosis and possible underlying pathophysiologic
problem? ✔Ans – Overactive bladder that may result from both
neurogenic and myogenic sources
As a result of dehydration, a patient’s epithelial cells are producing
insufficient amounts of mucus. Consequently, the patient’s mucociliary
blanket is compromised. Which of the following changes would a care
provider most reasonably anticipate as a direct result of this change?
✔Ans – Increased amounts of bacteria in the lungs. The primary role of the
mucociliary blanket is to trap foreign particles and bacteria and thus prevent
their entry into the lungs. The impaired ciliary function may result in an
inadequate mucociliary blanket, but the opposite relationship is unlikely.
Decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide levels may eventually result,
but not as a direct or immediate consequence.
An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a history of
congestive heart failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the patient has
positioned her sitting up at an angle in bed and is observing her jugular
venous distention. Why is jugular venous distention a useful indicator for the
assessment of the patient’s condition? ✔Ans – Blood backs up into the
jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of entry into the heart.
Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an infective agent
that has a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates readily in
broth and on agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed
to crystal violet. This pneumonia is most likely: ✔Ans – bacterial
A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an
industrial accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the
following phenomena may underlie the genetic changes that have been noted
in the patient? ✔Ans – Base pairs may have been rearranged by the
radiation exposure.
A child has been diagnosed with thalassemia. Which of the following other
health problems is the child at risk for? ✔Ans – splenomegaly and
hepatomegaly
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the
greatest increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly?
✔Ans – A woman who has herpes simplex and recently recovered from
endocarditis
Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk
of developing the prerenal form of acute renal failure? ✔Ans – A 22-yearold male who has lost a large amount of blood following a workplace injury
As part of the diagnostic workup for a male patient with a complex history of
cardiovascular disease, the care team has identified the need for a record of
the electrical activity of his heart, insight into the metabolism of his
myocardium, and physical measurements, and imaging of his heart. Which of
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