Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank | Comprehensive Companion
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Test Bank Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition
Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
- Why are natural sciences also referred to as “pure” sciences?
A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
Ans: A - Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
A. Social work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities
D. Pathology Ans: D - Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the world. As a
scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she performs and does consider
herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
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Roberta’s views are most closely reflective of which school of scientific thought?
A. Natural Science
B. Human Science
C. Applied Science
D. Soft Science Ans: B - What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some type of human
need.
B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which subjectivity was
introduced to the experiment.
C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results in repeat
experiments.
Ans: C - Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the common
subjective biases of different disciplines.
B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their
functional abilities.
C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situation
or change viewpoints.
D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and
controlling outcomes.
Ans: D
- Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has
asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and
equipment. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discover
that they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
Peter’s discovery exemplify?
A. Intersubjective testability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision
D. Coherence
Ans: A - Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
B. Utilization of process and outcome.
C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
Ans: C - Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which source
of knowledge?
A. Doctrine
B. Common sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Ans: C
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10.Francisco is a chemist who rigidly applies the scientific method to all that he does,
whether in the lab or out of it, and strongly believes that all relationships are governed by
cause and effect. He sees little need for subjectivity in any area of his life, believing instead
that the world is an external concept completely independent of individual thoughts or
desires. Which philosophical school best describes Francisco’s outlook on the world?
A. Phenomenology
B. Logical positivism
C. Hermeneutics
D. Post-structuralism
Ans: B
- Which statement would an adherent of the perceived view most likely make?
A. “Observation is completely unbiased.”
B. “Descriptive law is the gold standard of science.”
C. “Individual phenomenon make up the whole that is the universe.”
D. “Theories are neither right nor wrong.”
Ans: D - Which philosophy subscribes to the idea that the universe is a whole made of interrelated
parts?
A. Logical positivism
B. Chaos and Complexity
C. Post-Structuralism
D. Hermeneutics
Ans: B
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Chapter 2 – The Evolution of Nursing Science
- Historically, nursing preparation was referred to as “training,” and many nurses
educatedthrough the 1970s still use this term to refer to their education. Why is this
terminology particularly problematic in light of the advances made in nursing science in
the last 30 years?
A. On-the-job apprenticeships are no longer as prevalent as they were up through
the late1970s and early 1980s.
B. It places emphasis on nurses’ abilities to perform tasks rather than reason
through andunderstand the purpose of their actions.
C. Most modern nurses pursue Master’s level education beyond their
practice-basedBachelor’s education.
D. The last 30 years have seen nursing education move away from physician-taught
coursesin hospitals to professor-taught courses at universities.
Ans: B - During the 1960s, why did nursing scholars heavily emphasize a focus on the
theoreticaldevelopment of nursing as its own, independent discipline?
A. To support doctoral education for nurses that was discipline specific
B. To prove that the logical positivist approach was a poor fit for the discipline
C. To encourage and enhance the continued development of nursing science
D. To promote research by nurses in all fields, not merely nursing science
Ans: C - Which argument best supports the idea of nursing as a professional discipline
rather thanan academic discipline?
A. “Nursing is an applied science. Its practice component places an
emphasis on thedelivery of service by nurses rather than the development of
academic knowledge.”
B. “Nursing is a discipline with unique substance. It borrows very little from
other disciplines and, as a result, is beyond the realm of most academic programs in
the sciencesthat acknowledge idea sharing across disciplines.”
C. “Nursing is a concept with a lengthy unofficial history. Individuals have been
providing nursing care to others since the Crusades, and this professional provision of
services predatesformal education in the field.”
D. “Nursing is a relative newcomer to advanced education. For many years, nurses
were educated or trained only at a Bachelor’s level, and advanced practice therefore
has its roots inthe profession itself rather than in academia.”
Ans: A
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