COMD 5070 Exam 1 (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Acoustics of Speech and Hearing| Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A
COMD 5070 Exam 1 (Latest 2023/ 2024
Update) Acoustics of Speech and Hearing|
Questions and Verified Answers| 100%
Correct| Grade A
Q: What is the difference between pitch perception and frequency measurement?
Answer:
pitch is subjective to the listener
frequency is objective and can be measured
Q: How do waveforms differ as frequency goes up or down?
Answer:
higher frequency wavelengths appear closer together with more frequency over a period of time
than lower frequencies
Q: What is the difference between loudness perception and intensity measurement?
Answer:
Loudness is subjective and cannot be measured
Intensity is objective and can be measured by equipment
Q: What are the units of measurement for intensity?
Answer:
HL
SPL
Q: What is difference limens?
Answer:
the smallest detectable change (DL)
Q: What is the difference limens for frequency?
Answer:
DLs become larger as the frequency decreases
Q: What is the difference limens for intensity?
Answer:
DLs become larger as the intensity decreases
Q: How does a complex periodic sound change when the fundamental is removed or muted?
Answer:
when removed, the timbre (quality) differs, but the pitch is perceived as the same
Q: How many semitones are in one octave?
Answer:
12
Q: What is a voice range profile (VPR)?
Answer:
a visual representation of a person’s the amplitude and fundamental frequency range
Q: How is the VRP computed and what does it show?
Answer:
x-axis represents the fundamental frequency range
y-axis represents the amplitude
Q: What is the root mean square amplitude?
Answer:
refers to the square root of the mean of the squares of the value
Q: What is the inverse square law?
Answer:
it states that intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source
Q: How does intensity change with distance?
Answer:
intensity decreases the farther it is from the source of the sound as the sound is spread out over
more space
Q: What is the relationship of subglottic pressure to speech intensity?
Answer:
subglottal pressure drives speech; more driving pressure is needed for louder speech
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What are the four features of the scientific method?
empirical
deterministic
predictive
parsimonious
What does empirical mean?
based on data
What does deterministic mean?
obey physical laws
What does predictive mean?
show what will happen
What does parsimonious mean?
use the simplest explanation possible
Why do SLPs use technology in clinical practices?
to overcome listener bias
to describe severity objectively
to demonstrate treatment efficacy (track progress)
to provide biofeedback
What is the difference between pitch perception and frequency measurement?
pitch is subjective to the listener
frequency is objective and can be measured
How do waveforms differ as frequency goes up or down?
higher frequency wavelengths appear closer together with more frequency over a period of time than lower frequencies
What is the difference between loudness perception and intensity measurement?
Loudness is subjective and cannot be measured
Intensity is objective and can be measured by equipment
What are the units of measurement for intensity?
HL
SPL
What is difference limens?
the smallest detectable change (DL)
What is the difference limens for frequency?
DLs become larger as the frequency decreases
What is the difference limens for intensity?
DLs become larger as the intensity decreases
How does a complex periodic sound change when the fundamental is removed or muted?
when removed, the timbre (quality) differs, but the pitch is perceived as the same
How many semitones are in one octave?
12
What is a voice range profile (VPR)?
a visual representation of a person’s the amplitude and fundamental frequency range
How is the VRP computed and what does it show?
x-axis represents the fundamental frequency range
y-axis represents the amplitude
What is the root mean square amplitude?
refers to the square root of the mean of the squares of the value
What is the inverse square law?
it states that intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source
How does intensity change with distance?
intensity decreases the farther it is from the source of the sound as the sound is spread out over more space
What is the relationship of subglottic pressure to speech intensity?
subglottal pressure drives speech; more driving pressure is needed for louder speech
How is loud speech different from conversational speech?
Loud speech requires more forceful vocal fold collisions and higher oral pressure
What is the difference between digital and analog signals?
Analog signal are continuous in time and amplitude without gaps
What makes digital signals different from analog signals?
Digital signals are discrete in time and amplitude and the numbers represent snapshots in time
How does sampling rate relate to playback quality, file size, frequencies saved in recording?
The higher the sampling rate, the bigger file size is needed and the higher quality you will have
What is the Nyquist frequency?
half the sample rate and is the highest frequency you can reproduce
What is quantization?
a number that reflects signal amplitude
How quantization it different from sampling rate?
the more decimal places, the more detail a sample will have
What is the Fourier transform?
refers to how all periodic sounds are made of a combination of sine waves
What does the Fourier transform reveal about a complex sound?
creates a spectrum from the time domain waveform and analyzes it to learn its ingredients (like analyzing ingredients of a cake)
What are the four different filter types?
high pass
low pass
band pass
band reject
What is a high pass filter?
allows high frequencies to pass through and holds back lower frequencies
What is a low pass filter?
allows low frequencies to pass through and holds back higher frequencies
What is a band pass?
allows a band of frequencies to pass through and holds back higher and lower frequencies
What is a band reject?
rejects a band of frequencies and allows both higher and lower frequencies
What is a frequency domain display?
a line spectrum that shows the frequency components of a periodic sound
What is a time domain display?
shows the time or distance that waves travel, with rises in air pressure over time
What is a spectrogram?
shows speech over time
What are the dimensions of a spectrogram?
x-axis shows time
y-axis shows frequency
darkness shows intensity
What is a harmonic and inharmonic series?
a harmonic series is the sequence of all multiples of a base frequency (F0), and any deviation from this is an inharmonic series
What are the types of spectra?
FFT
LPC
What are the features of the FFT spectrum?
shows harmonic energy and is good at revealing sources, but it is less clear at showing formants
What are the features of the LPC spectrum?
shows the spectral envelope and is good at revealing formants, and it is the more revealing of the two spectra types
What is the difference in the ways clinicians image the voice?
high speed
stroboscopy
Which way of viewing the image of the voice is used in clinician practice and why?
stroboscopy; it is more efficient and less difficult
What are the types of vocal perturbation?
jitter
shimmer
What is jitter?
refers to the random cycle-to-cycle duration differences of frequency perturbation
What is shimmer?
refers to the random cycle-to-cycle amplitude differences of amplitude perturbation
Can jitter and shimmer co-occur?
yes; you won’t find one without the other
What is modulation?
it involves a tremor or rhythmic change in F0 and amplitude
What can cause a voice to sound hoarse?
jitter
What can cause a voice to vary from loudness to softness?
shimmer
What can cause a voice to have tremors?
modulation
What are the electroglottograph (EGG) signal features?
involves placing two electrodes on the neck over the thyroid laminae and measuring the signal strength