LPN Entrance Exam Science Section with All Questions and 100% Correct Answer New Latest Version
LPN Entrance Exam Science Section with All
Questions and 100% Correct Answer New
Latest Version
how does water affect the temperature of a living thing ——— Correct Answer ———-
water keeps temperature stable
what is another name for aqueous HI ——— Correct Answer ———- hydriodic acid
which of the heart chambers is the most muscular ——— Correct Answer ———- left
ventricle
which of the following is not a product of the Krebs cycle ——— Correct Answer ———-
oxygen
what is the name for the reaction that is entirely consumed by the reaction ———
Correct Answer ———- limiting reactant
which part of the brain interprets sensory information ——— Correct Answer ———-
the cerebrum
what kind of bond connects sugar and phosphate in DNA ——— Correct Answer ———
- covalent
what is the mass (in grams) of 7.35 mol water ——— Correct Answer ———- 132g
which of the following proteins is produced by cartilage ——— Correct Answer ———-
collagen
how are lipids different than other organic molecules ——— Correct Answer ———-
they are not water soluble
which of the following orbitals is the last to fill ——— Correct Answer ———- 6s
Which component of the nervous system is responsible for lowering the heart rate ——-
— Correct Answer ———- parasympathetic nervous system
which of the following is not a steroid ——— Correct Answer ———- hemoglobin
what is the name of the binary molecular compound NO5 ——— Correct Answer ——— - nitrogen pentoxide
in which of the following muscle types are the filaments ranged in a disorderly manner —
——- Correct Answer ———- smooth
which hormone is produced by the pineal gland ——— Correct Answer ———-
melatonin
make the following metric conversion: 5 decimeters= ——— Correct Answer ———-
0.05 decameters
which of the data sets could be plotted on a pie chart ——— Correct Answer ———-
the distribution of weight among players of a football team
which of the following processes electrical chargers to separate substances ———
Correct Answer ———- electrophoresis
When using a light microscope, how is the total magnification determined? ———
Correct Answer ———- By multiplying the ocular lens power times the objective being
used
when undergoing a dissection in class, which of the following procedures is incorrect —-
—– Correct Answer ———- decaying specimens are never permitted but union
specimens are sometimes permitted
After a science laboratory exercise, some solutions remain unused and are left over.
What should be done with these solutions? ——— Correct Answer ———- dispose of
the solutions according to local disposal procedures
the volume of water in a bucket is 2.5 liters. when an object with an irregular shape and.
a mass of 40 grams is submerged in the water, the volume of the water is 4.5 liters.
what is the density of the object ——— Correct Answer ———- 20 g/L
which of the following represents a chemical change ——— Correct Answer ———- a
spoiling apple
the amount of potential energy an object has depends on all of the following except its: –
——– Correct Answer ———- temperature
elements on the periodic table are arranged into groups and periods and ordered
according to ——— Correct Answer ———- atomic number, number or protons, and
reactivity
the specific heat capacity of ice is half as much as that of liquid water. what Is the result
of this? ——— Correct Answer ———- it takes half the amount of energy to increase
the temperature of a 1 kg sample of ice by 1c than a 1 kg sample of water
what happens to the temperature of a substance as it is changing phase form a liquid to
a solid ——— Correct Answer ———- its temperature remains the same due to the
latent heat of fusion
a long nail is heated at one end. after a dew seconds, the other end of the nails
becomes equally hot. what type of heat transfer does this represent? ——— Correct
Answer ———- conduction
which of the following statements about heat transfer is not true ——— Correct Answer
———- heat transfer can never occur from a cooler object to a warmer object.
what is the name for any substance that stimulates the production of antibodies ———
Correct Answer ———- Antigen
List the cellular hierarchy from simplest to most complex structure ——— Correct
Answer ———- cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell ——— Correct
Answer ———- it will shrink
Which group of major parts and organs make up the immune system? ——— Correct
Answer ———- lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, and bone marrow
the rate of a chemical reaction depends on all of the following except ——— Correct
Answer ———- amount of mass lost
which best defines.”for a given mass and constant temperature, an inverse relationship
exists between the volume and pressure of a gas” ——— Correct Answer ———-
Boyle’s law
what statement correctly compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells ——— Correct
Answer ———- prokaryotic cells do not contain membrane-bound organelle, eukaryotic
cells do.
what is the role of ribosomes ——— Correct Answer ———- make proteins
if an organism is AaBb, which of the following combinations in the gametes is
impossible ——— Correct Answer ———- aa
what is the oxidation number of hydrogen in CaH2 ——— Correct Answer ———- -1
which hormone stimulates milk production in the Breasts during lactation ——— Correct
Answer ———- prolactin
what is the typical result of mitosis in humans ——— Correct Answer ———- two
diploid cells
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Proteins
Using percent of body weight calculations, which of the following categories is found in the highest concentration in the body?
Cytosol cells
Which of the following is not considered a major class of biological units?
Irreversible reaction
Which of the following reactions most appropriately matches the following definition: at a state of chemical equilibrium, the product of the reaction has required almost all of the reactants?
Oxidative Phosphorylation
In which of the following stages of glucose breakdown is the most energy produced?
Microcirculation
Arterioles, venules, and capillaries are collectively known as _.
aa
If an organism is AaBb, which of the following combinations in the gametes is impossible?
2 diploid cells
What is the typical result of mitosis in humans?
Water keeps temperature stable
How does water affect the temperature of a living thing?
Oxygen
Which of the following is not a product of the Krebs cycle?
Covalent
What kind of bond connects sugar and phosphate in DNA?
Species
What is the second part of an organism’s scientific name?
They are not water soluble
How are lipids different than other organic molecules?
Hemoglobin
Which of the following is not a steroid?
Cohesion
Which of the following properties is responsible for the passage of water through a plant?
Melatonin
Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland?
Ribosome
What is the name of the organelle that organizes protein synthesis?
Meiosis I
During which phase is the chromosome number reduced from diploid to haploid?
Prokaryote
What is the name of a cell that does not contain a nucleus?
Phenotype
What is the name for the physical presentation of an organism’s genes?
Steam
Which of the following forms of water is the densest?
(1) Interphase
(1) What is the longest phase in the life of a cell?
(1) Mitochondria
(1) Which of the following is not found within a bacterial cell?
(1) Hemoglobin
(1) Which of the following is a protein?
(1) DNA
(1) Which of the following structures is not involved in translation?
(1) Water
(1) Which of the following is necessary for cell diffusion?
4
How many different types of nucleotides are there in DNA?
Red blood cell
Which of the following cell types has no nucleus?
Electron transport system
Which part of aerobic respiration uses oxygen?
Kingdom
Which of the following is the largest most general taxonomic category?
Fission
What is the name of the process by which a bacterial cell splits into 2 new cells?
Telophase II
A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes and cytokinesis occurs, producing four daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes.
Anaphase I
The two chromosomes in each bivalent separate and migrate toward opposite poles.
Telophase I
The maternal and paternal chromosomes of each homologous pair separate and reach the poles of the cell, nuclear envelopes form around them, and cytokinesis follows to produce two cells.
Nucleotides
DNA is a polymer of:
Cytosine and thymine
Which of the following are pyrimidines?
Adenine and guanine
Which of the following are purines?
Antiparallel
The two polynucleotide chains in DNA are:
Meiosis creates cells with half the chromosomes of the parent cell
How is mitosis different from meiosis?
It conducts food throughout the plant
What is the purpose of phloem tissue in plant stems?
Shape
Physical factors such as temperature and pH can alter enzyme activity because they have an effect on the enzyme’s _
Parasitism
What kind of symbiosis exists between a pneumonia bacterium and a human?
Salmonella
What organism reproduces via binary fission?
Precise
3 students measured the mass of a product of combustion. They recorded the measurements of 5.14g , 5.16 g, and 5.17 g. If the known mass of the product is 5.30 g, how would you describe the students’ measurements?
It fails to absorb green light
Why do we perceive chlorophyll as green?
Chemiosmosis
The basic method by which chloroplasts and mitochondria generate ATP is
Entropy
The decay of lead after it falls from a tree indicated an increase in its
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis is a form of
A tulip
In the structure of cells, in which of the following organisms would one find a cell wall?
Spread of cancer cells to sites beyond their origin
Metastasis refers to the
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Hierarchic system of organization
Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion
Process of science
Water
What is the substance that makes life possible?
The polarity of it’s bonds
What is the most significant aspect of water?
Hydrogen bonding
It is the polar nature of water that allows what to happen between molecules?
Temperature
Due to water’s high specific heat value, it resists shifts in
Stay bonded or attracted to another molecule of the same substance
cohesion is the ability of a molecule to
Water to bond or attract other molecules or substances
Adhesion is the ability of
The molecules form a lattice, which causes the molecules to spread apart, resulting in floating
Why does water float when in solid form?
Versatile solvent
what is it called when water is said to be used to dissolve a number of different substances?
Storage, structure and energy
What are the most important functions of carbohydrates?
Long chains, or polymers, of sugar
Carbohydrates are made of
Lipids
Fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids are also known as
No double bond in thier hydrocarbon tail
Saturated fats contain
One or more double bonds
Unsaturated fats contain
Saturated fats
__ are solid at room temperature
Unsaturated fats
__ are liquid at room temperature
(1) Saturated fats
(1) What type fat contributes to cardiovascular problems?
Phosphate group
Phospholipids consist of 2 fatty acids of varying length bondes to a
Steroids
Which type of lipid is a precursor to significant hormones?
(2) Proteins
(2) What biological molecule is the most significant contributor to cellular function?
(1) Proteins
(1) What is the largest of biological molecules; made up of polymers of 20 molecules called amino acids?
To catalyze different reactions or processes
What is the function of an enzyme?
DNA & RNA
Two nucleic acids
DNA
A self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main element of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information
RNA
A nucleic acid is present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins
Metabolism
What is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism?
Metabolic pathways (progressing from a standpoint of high energy to low energy)
In a cell, reactions take place in a series of steps called
Organelles
What are tiny structures that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive
Procaryotic cells
Organisms that lack a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells
Cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles- more complex
Nucleus
Organelle that contains the DNA of the cell in organized masses called chromosomes
Chromosomes
What contains all of the material for the regeneration of the cell, as well as all of the instructions for the function of the cell?
To read the RNA produced in the nucleus and translate the genetic instructions to produce proteins
What is the purpose for ribosomes?
Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm
Where are ribosomes located?
Nuclear membrane
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) attached to?
Protien synthesis and membrane production
What is the rough ER responsible for?
Detoxification and metabolism of multiple molecules
What is the smooth ER responsible for?
Lysosome
What organelle is responsible for intracellular digestion?
Mitochondria
What is the organelle that produces cell energy; the site of cellular respiration
Chloroplasts
Produces cell energy; found in plants and is the site of photosynthesis
Protection, communication, and the passage of substances in and out of the cell
What is the function of the cellular membrane?
Bilayer of phospholipids with proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins
What is a cell membrane made of?
Selectively permeable
The hydrophobic region between the two layers of lipids, make the cell membrane…
In the cytosol of the cell
Where does glycolysis take place?
2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of pyruvate, and 2 molecules of NADH
What does the first step of glycolysis produce?
Mitochondrion
In step 2 of cellular respiration, pyruvate is transported into a(n)
Step 2
In what step of cellular respiration does the Kreb’s cycle take place?
Matrix of the mitochondria
The Kreb’s cycle takes place in the
2 ATP, 6 CO2, 6 NADH
During the Kreb’s cycle, for a single consumed glucose molecule, what is produced?
NADH
The third step of cellular respiration begins with the oxidation of the _ to produce oxygen and finally to produce water
Electron transport chain
The third and final stage of glucose oxidation. A series of metabolic reactions that transport electrons from NADH or FADH2 through a series of carriers resulting in ATP production; for every glucose molecule, 28-32 ATP molecules can be produced
Photosythesis
A precursor to the glucose molecule is produced in a process called
Convert solar energy to chemical energy
Regarding photosynthesis, light reactions are those that
Binary fission
A method of asexual reproduction that involves the splitting of a parent cell into two approximately equal parts
Mitosis
a method of cell division (asexual), in which the nucleus divides into daughter nuclei, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
Meiosis
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
Interphase
The resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.
Alleles
Alternate forms of a gene
Punnett square
in genetics, a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross