NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide

NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide

Renal System

1. What are the two main functions of the kidney
   Review diagram for anatomical structures
   Correct Answer:
2. Filtration and collection
   Urinary Tract pre-quiz Q’s
   Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having
   a shorter urethra.
   a. True
   b. False
   Correct Answer:
   True

Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
a. Increase water consumption
b. Use spermicides during sexual intercourse
c. Taking more Vitamin D
d. Douching to prevent the growth of bacteria
Correct Answer:
Increase water consumption
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
a. Flank pain
b. Urgency
c. Decreased Urination
d. Fever
Correct Answer:
Urgency
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection?
a. It is usually asymptomatic
b. Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
c. Bacteria is located mostly in the lower urinary tract
d. Is associated with young adults
Correct Answer:
Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)?
a. Perimenopause
b. Frequent showering
c. Marathon running
d. Pregnancy
Correct Answer:
Pregnancy

1. Where do bacteria commonly come from in UTI’s
2. Where can a UTI occur?
3. It is more common for women to develop a UTI especially when
   Correct Answer:
4. Bacteria from the gut can invade the urinary epithelium to cause
   inflammation and infection
5. anywhere along the urinary tract such as the urethra, bladder, ureter, or
   kidney
6. pregnant,
   sexually active,
   during post-menopause with estrogen-deficiency and
   when being treated with antibiotics where the normal bacteria flora is
   diminished

1. Escherichia coli can bind to cells in the lower urinary tract and hide from
   the immune cells. The bacteria can form biofilms-what is this?
2. Describe the pathophysiology of a UTI that can lead to septic shock or
   bacterimia
   Note the diagram btw a male & female urinary tract (who’s is much shorter)
   Correct Answer:
3. A biofilm is any group of microorganisms that allow them to stick to one
   another and adhere to surfaces that help them survive.
4. First, bacteria enter and contaminate the lower urinary tract. This causes
   the colonization of bacteria in the urethra and the bladder. If the UTI
   progresses the bacteria can ascend to the kidneys and colonize there. At this
   point, the infection becomes an upper UTI. From there, if left untreated, the
   bacteria can spread into the circulation via the renal veins causing
   bacteremia

Download the full exam pdf here https://learnexams.com/