NUR2474 / NUR 2474 Quiz 1 (Latest 2024 / 2025): Pharmacology for Professional Nursing – Rasmussen
NUR 2474 Pharmacology for Professional Nursing
Pharmacology Quiz 1
Question:
Alzheimer’s drugs
Answer:
- cholinesterase inhibitors
- memantine
Question:
Levodopa action (Sinemet)
Answer:
Converts dopamine in the brain
Question:
Carbidopa action
Answer:
Inhibits peripheral decarboxylase in the liver allowing more levodopa to
reach the BBB
Question:
Nursing considerations for Levodopa/Carbidopa
Answer:
- observe symptoms of Parkinson’s
- assess for dyskinesia
- administer medication with low-protein food and avoid foods high in
tyramine - do not abruptly stop
- assess for postural hypotension
- urine and perspiration discoloration (red, brown, black)
Question:
Immunomodulators
Answer: - Interferon Beta Preparations
- Dimethyl Fumarate
- Glatiramer Acetate
- Natalizumab
- Fingolimod
- Teriflunomide
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Alzheimer’s drugs
- cholinesterase inhibitors
- memantine
Cholinesterase inhibitor action:
increase availability of acetylcholine and activates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
Cholinesterase inhibitor side effects:
Most common four:
- nausea
- vomiting
- dyspepsia
- diarrhea
S alivation
L acrimation
U rination
D iaphoresis
G I upset
E mesis
Levodopa action (Sinemet)
Converts dopamine in the brain
Carbidopa action
Inhibits peripheral decarboxylase in the liver allowing more levodopa to reach the BBB
Nursing considerations for Levodopa/Carbidopa
- observe symptoms of Parkinson’s
- assess for dyskinesia
- administer medication with low-protein food and avoid foods high in tyramine
- do not abruptly stop
- assess for postural hypotension
- urine and perspiration discoloration (red, brown, black)
Immunomodulators
- Interferon Beta Preparations
- Dimethyl Fumarate
- Glatiramer Acetate
- Natalizumab
- Fingolimod
- Teriflunomide
Interferon beta is administered how?
IM or Sub Q
Interferon beta side effects:
- Flu-like symptoms
- Injection site reactions
- liver injury
- myelosuppression
Interferon Beta action
Prevent pro inflammatory leukocytes from reaching neurons decreasing inflammation, prevents WBC’s to get to neurons and CNS to avoid myelin sheath damage and decrease frequency, severity, and delay progression of MS
Muscarinic receptors
stimulate smooth muscle
- slow the heart rate
- bronchoconstriction
- increase motility of GI tract
- Bladder contraction causing frequent urination
- increased salivation, perspiration, and tears
Nicotinic receptors
cholinergic receptors that stimulate skeletal muscle and increase muscle tone by forcing muscle contraction
Donepezil/Aricept
Inhibits acetylcholinesterase making more acetylcholine available
Nursing considerations for Donepezil/Aricept
- Assess for s/s of Alzheimer’s disease
- Cholinergic effects
Memantine/Nemenda action
Activates glutamate
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant for spasms
Nursing considerations for Cyclobenzaprine
- CNS depression
- anti-cholinergic effects
Baclofen
Muscle Relaxant for spasticity, stiff, heavy muscles, mimics GABA
Baclofen nursing considerations
-Give with food
-Avoid alcohol
-Do not stop abruptly – may cause hallucinations and seizures
- CNS depression
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Anticonvulsant that surpasses sodium influx which prevents neuron firing (tonic-clonic, simple and complex seizures)
Nursing considerations for Phenytoin
- Should be tapered, not abruptly stopped
- Assess phenytoin serum levels 10-20 mcg/mL
- Encourage good oral hygiene
Carbamepazine (Tegretol)
Suppresses sodium influx wich prevents neuron firing
Carbamepazine nursing considerations
- Assess serum levels (4-12mg/mL)
- Don’t take with grapefruit juice
- Should be tapered and not abruptly stopped
Valproic Acid (Depakote)
increases GABA levels (simple, complex, absent seizures)
Valproic acid nursing considerations
- assess for s/s CNS depression
- taper and avoid abrupt discontinuation
- therapeutic level of 50-100 mcg/mL
- avoid in pregnancy
Phenobarbital
Potentiating the effects of GABA
Phenobarbital nursing considerations
- Do not stop abruptly
- Monitor respiratory rate (CNS depression)
- Therapeutic serum range 10-40 mcg/mL)
- Avoid in pregnancy
When GABA is increased such as phenobarbital and valproic acid, what do you assess for?
CNS depression
When suppressing sodium influx such as phenytoin and carbamepazine, what should you assess for?
Vision changes
What do all seizure medications require?
A loading dose
Benzodiazepines action
Sustain GABA using GABAA receptor
Antidote for Benzos
Flumazenil
Nursing considerations for Benzos
- CNS depression
Amphetamines (dextroamphetamine, adderall, methylphenidate, ritalin, lisdexamfetamine, Vyvanse action
Adrenergic agonist that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (CNS) stimulating the fight or flight response and respiratory stimulation with weak adrenergic activity
Nursing considerations for amphetamines
- assess mental status, aggression, mood
- give in morning
- give with food to avoid losing weight
- avoid caffeine