Exam 3: BIOS 242 / BIOS242 Fundamentals of Microbiology with Lab (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A- Chamberlain
Exam 3: BIOS 242 / BIOS242 Fundamentals
of Microbiology with Lab (Latest 2024/ 2025
Update) Questions and Verified Answers|
100% Correct| Grade A- Chamberlain
Q: When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues, they are transformed by
inflammatory mediators to develop into________
Answer:
Macrophages
Q: Inflammation- Cardinal Signs
Answer:
- Rubor: redness
- Calor: warmth
-Tumor: swelling
Dolor: pain
Q: The third line of defense against foreign invaders van be describes as having _ and
Answer:
Specificity and Memory
Q: A foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response is an __
Answer:
Antigen
Q: _ cells are part of the humoral immunity and mature in the BM Answer: B cells Q: _ cells are part of the cell mediated immunity and mature in the thymyus Answer: T cells Q: The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is Answer: IgG Q: cells secrete antibodies
Answer:
Plasma
Q: IgG
Answer:
monomer
Q: IgA
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What are the components of the first line of defense flushing action of tears, blinking, nasal hairs, keratinized surface of the skin, flushing action of urine
Lysozyme enzyme that helps breakdown peptidoglycan layer by adding water
Innate chemical defenses lysozyme, lactic acid, acidity of the skin’s Ph, fatty acids in the skin, hydrochloric acid
Respiratory Tract Body area where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body
creates a physical barrier against pathogens Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it
physical barriers to pathogens unbroken skin, mucous, hair and tears
surveilance, recognition, and destruction A properly functioning immune system is responsible for .
Markers Immune system cells differentiate between self and foreign cells by their
Antigen a foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune response
eosinophils blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are
basophils the least) numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are
lymphocytes Which white blood cells comprise 20% to 30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body’s third line of defense?
neutrophils most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic
monocytes which white blood cells comprise 3% to 7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages
Hematopoiesis production of any of the formed elements
plasma cells What specific blood cells produce and secrete antibodies
eosinophils type of white blood cells are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic worm infections
histamine granules of basophils contain
granulocytes
B cells/T cells function in humoral immunity, while function in cell-mediated immunity.
Macrophages When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into
spleen What lymphoid organs or tissues that has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood
lymph nodes what are structures that are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit, groin, and neck
thymus Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T lymphocytes
GALT Lymphoid tissue in the intestinal tract
Diapedesis migration of WBC from the blood to the tissues
Signs and Symptoms of Inflammation redness, warmth, pain, swelling
they are vasoactive mediators What do Histamine, Serotonin, and Bradykinin have in common
chemotaxis, diapedesis, motility, vasodilation What processes are involved in the migration of white blood cells
edema leakage of excess fluid into tissues is called
redness Rubor
warmth Calor
pain Dolar
swelling Tumor
chief functions of inflammation tissue repair, destroy microbes, mobilization and attraction of immune components to the injury site, block further invasion
pyrogens circulating substances that effect the hypothalamus and initiate fever
chills A person will typically experience the sensation of when fever is starting to occur in the body
benefits of a fever reduces the ability of temperature sensitive organisms to multiply, increase phagocytosis, increases metabolism, stimulates hematopoiesis
Phagocytic Cells neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, kupffer cells
hydrogen peroxide and nitic oxide, lactic acid, superoxide anion chemicals used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances
compliment The _ system of blood proteins acts to lyse foreign cells and viruses
interferon Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell, in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins?
microbial antagonism The human microbiome is considered an important component of the first line of defense. The role as a defensive barrier is what?
Plasma is NOT the same as Lymph! Lymph lacks proteins but blood plasma contains proteins, calcium & phosphorus
bone marrrow/thymus B lymphocytes mature in the _ where T lymphocytes mature in the ___
lymphocytes and monocytes What are 2 agranular Leukocyte types
a bacterial infection During inflammation, a high neutrophil count is a common sign of
pyrogen Fever is initiated when a substance in circulation, called a(n) _, acts on the hypothalamus causing it to reset body temperature to a higher setting.
they’re not antigen specific Inflammation, fever, phagocytosis, and antimicrobial molecules are considered innate because
characteristics of lymph fluid goes from the blood capillaries into the tissues into the lymphatic capillary