Exam 3: BIOS 252 / BIOS252 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Anatomy and Physiology II Exam Review| Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A – Chamberlain
Exam 3: BIOS 252 / BIOS252 (Latest 2024/
2025 Update) Anatomy and Physiology II
Exam Review| Questions and Verified
Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A –
Chamberlain
Q: Which cells are the chemoreceptors of the tongue that allow for taste?
a. Basal cells
b. Gustatory cells
c. Rods
d. Organ of Corti
e. Supporting epithelial cells
Answer:
Gustatory cells
Q: Place the following structures of the ear in the correct order in which sound waves will
travel?
a. External acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, oval window, cochlea, organ
of Corti
b. Tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, external acoustic meatus, oval window, cochlea,
organ of Corti
c. Auditory ossicles, tympanic membrane, external acoustic meatus, oval window, cochlea, organ
of Corti
d. Organ of Corti, tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, external acoustic meatus, oval
window, cochlea
e. Oval window, tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, external acoustic meatus, cochlea, organ
of Corti
Answer:
External acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, oval window, cochlea, organ of
Corti
Q: These “ear stones” are composed of protein and calcium and allow for dynamic equilibrium.
a. Renalliths
b. Calciumglycerate stones
c. Gallstones
d. Otoliths
e. Utricular macula
Answer:
Otoliths
Q: What is the name of the structure that secrete tears and drain them from the surface of the
eyeball?
a. Cornea
b. Lacrimal apparatus
c. Palpebral fissure
d. Bulbar conjunctiva
e. Meibomian gland
Answer:
Lacrimal Apparatus
Q: Which cranial nerve gives us abduction of the eye?
a. Oculomotor nerve
b. Rectus nerve
c. Abducens nerve
d. Fascial nerve
e. Olfactory nerve
Answer:
Abducens Nerve (CN VI)
Q: What 7 Hormones does the Anterior Pituitary gland secrete?
Answer:
Growth Hormone(hGh)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Q: What 5 Hormones are secreted by the Hypothalamus?
Answer:
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (THRH)
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Prolactin-Releasing Hormone (PRH)
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH)
Q: What 2 Hormones does the Posterior Pituitary secrete?
Answer:
Oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Q: What 3 Hormones does the Thyroid secrete?
Answer:
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin
Q: What hormone does the parathyroid secrete
Answer:
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
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Olfactory sensory neurons __.
a. begin embryonically as multipolar neurons
b. undergo replacement throughout life
c. play a significant role in secretion of mucus
d. process olfactory impulses to form an immediate conscious perception of odor
b. undergo replacement throughout life
Identify the fluid filled space between the cornea and iris.
a. Posterior chamber
b. Anterior chamber
c. Posterior segment
d. Anterior segment
b. Anterior chamber
Identify the structure that regulates the amount of light entering the posterior segment of the eye.
a. Iris
b. Lens
c. Pupil
d. Cornea
a. Iris
Identify the areas that are filled with aqueous humor.
a. The posterior chamber and the posterior segment
b. The anterior and posterior chambers
c. The anterior chamber and the posterior segment
d. The anterior and posterior segments
b. The anterior and posterior chambers
T/F:
The iris divides the eye into the anterior and posterior segments.
False
T/F:
The pupil can adjust its size independent of the iris.
False
In hyperopic (farsighted) eyes, diverging light rays from nearby objects cause the focal point to occur _, resulting in _ objects to appear blurry.
a. in front of the retina / nearby
b. as lines on the retina, rather than points / all
c. in front of the retina / distant
d. behind the retina / nearby
d. behind the retina / nearby
The equilibrium pathway transmits most of its information to lower brain centers because the __.
a. nuclei in the semicircular canals and the vestibule are the location of the synapse on a third-order neuron, so the messages must end in the medulla
b. pathway responds to loss of balance and must be rapid and reflexive to prevent injury
c. synapse in the thalamus sends messages down the brain stem rather than to the cerebral cortex
d. All of the listed answers are correct.
b. pathway responds to loss of balance and must be rapid and reflexive to prevent injury
Why is the sense of touch not considered a “special sense”?
a. The receptors for touch are too rudimentary to be considered with the special senses.
b. Its receptors are widespread throughout the body.
c. The receptors for touch are too localized to be considered “special.”
d. Touch receptors are both somatic and visceral.
b. Its receptors are widespread throughout the body.
Odors may elicits a variety of emotions if these impulses are relayed through the __.
a. medulla oblongata
b. limbic system
c. hypothalamus
d. thalamus
e. basal ganglia
b. limbic system
Which of these extrinsic eye muscles depresses the eye and turns it medially?
a. inferior rectus
b. medial rectus
c. Inferior oblique
d. superior oblique
e. superior rectus
a. inferior rectus
When the lens of the eye bulges for close vision, which of the following happens?
a. The ciliary zonule tightens.
b. The eyeball becomes more elongated in the anterior to posterior plane.
c. The ciliary muscles relax.
d. The ciliary muscles contract.
d. The ciliary muscles contract.
The scala tympani __.
a. is a continuous series of membrane-walled sacs that fit within the bony labyrinth
b. is continuous with the vestibule and ends at the oval window, at the base of the cochlea
c. terminates at the round window at the base of the cochlea and is filled with perilymph
d. is a pillar of bone shaped like a screw whose tip lies at the apex of the cochlea
c. terminates at the round window at the base of the cochlea and is filled with perilymph
You are listening to music on your iPod at a very loud volume. What happens in your middle ear to protect the hearing receptors in your inner ear?
a. Difference in air pressure builds up across the tympanic membrane, diminishing its vibrations .
b. The brain inhibits auditory impulse transmission from the thalamus to the auditory cortex of the temporal lobe.
c. The tensor tympani and stapedius muscles contract reflexively.
d. The malleus detaches from the tympanic membrane.
e. The volume of perilymph increases to decrease the vibration of the stapes on the oval window.
c. The tensor tympani and stapedius muscles contract reflexively.
Which portion of the eye is covered by conjunctiva?
a. pupil
b. cornea
c. sclera
d. iris
c. sclera
Which structure divides the internal chamber of the eye into anterior and posterior segments?
a. iris
b. cornea
c. lens
d. choroid
c. lens
Which response does NOT occur in the eye to aid in viewing near objects?
a. change in shape of the lens
b. constriction of the pupil
c. contraction of the ciliary muscle
d. change in shape of the cornea
d. change in shape of the cornea
In which region of the brain do the axons of the optic tract synapse?
a. thalamus
b. optic chiasma
c. primary visual cortex
d. optic radiation
a. thalamus
Both the choroid and the retina __.
a. are composed of a pigmented and a neural layer
b. correspond to the arachnoid and pia mater surrounding the brain
c. play a direct role in visual impulse transmission
d. are composed of neurons, some of which are photoreceptors
e. absorb light and prevent it from scattering within the eye
e. absorb light and prevent it from scattering within the eye
What is strabismus?
a. Contagious infection of the conjunctiva caused by bacteria of the genus Chlamydia; causes blindness in millions of people in third-world countries.
b. It is an autoimmune disease that leads to blindness due to degeneration of the optic nerve and the visual pathway to the brain.
c. It is the loss of elasticity and accommodative power of the lens.
d. It is clouding of the lens resulting from inadequate delivery of nutrients to deeper lens fibers.
e. The affected eye is turned medially or laterally with respect to the normal eye; results from weakness or paralysis of extrinsic eye muscles.
e. The affected eye is turned medially or laterally with respect to the normal eye; results from weakness or paralysis of extrinsic eye muscles.
In describing the distribution of photoreceptors on the retina, which of the following statements is true?
a. Cones are more concentrated on the periphery of the retina, which allows for acute color vision.
b. Both rods and cones can regenerate if damaged.
c. The optic disc contains more photoreceptors than any other region of the retina, making it the region of highest visual acuity.
d. Rod cells are more numerous and more light sensitive than cones, which allows for gray, fuzzy vision in dim light.
d. Rod cells are more numerous and more light sensitive than cones, which allows for gray, fuzzy vision in dim light.
Which of these statements concerning vitreous humor is FALSE?
a. It supports the posterior surface of the lens.
b. It is renewed continuously.
c. It holds the neural retina firmly against the pigmented layer of the retina.
d. Vitreous humor transmits light.
e. It helps maintain intraocular pressure.
b. It is renewed continuously.
Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid.
a. lacrimal apparatus
b. conjunctiva
c. tarsal glands
d. lacrimal caruncle
e. palpebrae
b. conjunctiva
Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers.
a. cornea
b. ciliary body
c. sclera
d. choroid
e. lens
a. cornea
Melanin-containing layer of the eye’s vascular tunic.
a. lens
b. ciliary body
c. cornea
d. choroid
e. sclera
d. choroid
Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye.
a. vitreous humor
b. serous fluid
c. endolymph
d. aqueous humor
e. synovial fluid
a. vitreous humor
Which of the following structures in the eye are pigmented?
a. lens
b. the retina
c. the cornea
d. sclera
b. the retina
Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones?
a. the macula lutea
b. the optic disc
c. the ora serrata retinae
d. the fovea centralis
d. the fovea centralis
The ora serrata is a
a. apart of the modiolus.
b. part of the retina.
c. part of the choroid layer.
d. type of papilla that houses taste buds.
b. part of the retina.
Where do tears drain?
a. into the nasal cavity
b. into the pharynx
c. into the lacrimal gland
d. into the Eustachian tube
a. into the nasal cavity
What axons decussate in the optic chiasma?
a. axons from the medial half of each eye
b. those from the lateral half of each retina
c. the fibers in the optic radiation of white matter
d. all fibers from both eyes
a. axons from the medial half of each eye
Which is true about a retinal detachment?
a. It can result from a blow to the eye.
b. It causes blindness immediately.
c. It is a detachment of the complete thickness of the retina from the choroid.
d. The detached portion contains no capillaries.
a. It can result from a blow to the eye.
Clouding of which of the following structures would lead to a clinical condition known as a cataract?
a. aqueous humor
b. vitreous humor
c. cornea
d. lens
d. lens
Hyperopia and presbyopia may have some features in common, but a key difference between these two conditions is that
a. nearsighted people never develop presbyopia, but they can develop hyperopia.
b. in hyperopia the lens can accommodate, but in presbyopia it cannot.
c. one is farsightedness, and the other is nearsightedness.
d. people with astigmatism never develop presbyopia, but they can develop hyperopia.
b. in hyperopia the lens can accommodate, but in presbyopia it cannot.
Another name for the ciliary zonule is
a. the suspensory ligament of the lens.
b. olfactory glomerulus.
c. the bitter taste zone on the tongue.
d. cochlear duct.
a. the suspensory ligament of the lens.
Which of the following would not be associated with strabismus?
a. lesions of the midbrain
b. damage to the oculomotor nerve
c. damage to the optic nerve
d. paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye
c. damage to the optic nerve
The eyelids house all of the following except the
a. superior tarsal muscle.
b. lacrimal sac.
c. tarsal glands.
d. orbicularis oculi muscles.
b. lacrimal sac.
Farsightedness is more properly called
a. myopia.
b. emmetropia.
c. presbyopia.
d. hyperopia.
d. hyperopia.
The first “way station” (relay nucleus) in the visual pathway from the eye, after there has been partial crossover of the fibers in the optic chiasma, is the
a. temporal lobe.
b. primary visual cortex.
c. lateral geniculate nucleus.
d. superior colliculi.
c. lateral geniculate nucleus.
Nearsightedness is more properly called
a. myopia.
b. presbyopia.
c. emmetropia.
d. hyperopia.
a. myopia.
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The oil component found in tears is produced by the
a. endocrine glands.
b. conjunctiva.
c. lacrimal glands.
d. tarsal glands.
d. tarsal glands.
Which of the following lies closest to the anterior pole of the eye?
a. sclera
b. center of the cornea
c. tip of an eyelash
d. center of the lens
b. center of the cornea
The muscle that opens the eye is the
a. levator palpebrae superioris.
b. orbicularis oculi.
c. frontalis on forehead.
d. superior rectus.
a. levator palpebrae superioris.
What structure is handled by an “eye bank”?
a. just the lens
b. just the retina
c. whole eyes for eye transplants
d. just the cornea
d. just the cornea
Which cranial nerve does not innervate the extrinsic eye muscles?
a. abducens
b. trochlear
c. facial
d. oculomotor
c. facial
Nerve axons from the lateral portion of each retina
a. branch at the chiasma, some branches crossing and some not crossing.
b. carry information from the lateral half of the visual field.
c. cross over to the opposite side of the retina.
d. pass posteriorly without crossing over at the chiasma.
d. pass posteriorly without crossing over at the chiasma.
The superior oblique muscle turns the eye both laterally and
a. inferiorly.
b. superiorly.
c. medially.
d. laterally.
a. inferiorly.
Each of the following structures participates in bending of light entering the eye except the
a. vitreous humor.
b. lens.
c. cornea.
d. iris.
d. iris.
What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?
a. vitreous humor
b. lens
c. aqueous humor
d. pupil
d. pupil
The center for vision in the cerebral cortex is located in the
a. occipital lobe.
b. parietal lobe.
c. temporal lobe.
d. frontal lobe.
a. occipital lobe.
Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissues from one person to another without rejection, yet corneas can be transplanted with impunity. This is because the cornea
a. has no blood supply, except around the periphery
b. .is exposed and easily accessible.
c. has no nerve supply.
d. is not a human structure.
a. has no blood supply, except around the periphery
There are three layers of neurons in the retina. Which of the following neurons have axons that form the optic nerves?
a. ganglion cells
b. cone cells
c. bipolar cells
d. rod cells
a. ganglion cells
Damage to which cranial nerve would be suspected if a light aimed at the eye did not initiate the pupillary light reflex to cause pupil constriction?
a. oculomotor nerve
b. trochlear nerve
c. optic nerve
d. abducens nerve
a. oculomotor nerve
In addition to sending visual information to the primary visual cortex, some axons from the optic tracts go to the __.
a. medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
b. pretectal nuclei, which help interpret depth perception
c. inferior colliculi of the corpora quadrigemina to control the extrinsic eye muscles
d. suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus to regulate daily biorhythms
d. suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus to regulate daily biorhythms
T/F:
Lacrimal fluid is produced by the lacrimal sac in the medial canthus of the eye.
False
T/F:
The cone-filled region of the retina surrounding the fovea centralis is called the macula lutea.
True
T/F:
Light entering the eye passes first to the rod and cone cells, then to bipolar cells, and finally to ganglion cells adjacent to the pigmented retina.
False
T/F:
The superior oblique muscle of the eye enables the eye to look upward and laterally.
False
Why do corneal transplants have minimal risk of rejection?
a. The cornea is avascular and has minimal exposure to the recipient’s immune system.
b. The cornea has an abundance of proteins that protect it from bacterial infection and destruction.
c. Corneas for transplant are stored in an “eye banks” so rejection is not a problem, there are many available to replace one if it is rejected.
d. The cornea is a small structure that can be easily moved from donor to recipient with little damage to surrounding tissue.
a. The cornea is avascular and has minimal exposure to the recipient’s immune system.
What layer of the retina undergoes age-related degeneration and is the primary cause of the condition.
a. The pigmented layer
b. The photoreceptor layer
c. The ganglion layer
d. The macula
a. The pigmented layer
Blindness caused by glaucoma is the result of increased pressure in the anterior segment of the eye and compression of the optic nerve. What is the correct pathway for aqueous humor production and drainage into the anterior segment of the eye?
a. Scleral venous sinus, posterior chamber, pupil, anterior chamber, ciliary processes
b. Posterior chamber, pupil, anterior chamber, ciliary processes, scleral venous sinus
c. Ciliary processes, posterior chamber, pupil, anterior chamber, scleral venous sinus
d. Anterior chamber, pupil, posterior chamber, ciliary processes, scleral venous sinus
c. Ciliary processes, posterior chamber, pupil, anterior chamber, scleral venous sinus
A 58-year-old gentleman noted that he was having problems reading cross-word puzzles. The letters appeared fuzzy and he guessed that he needed reading glasses. What condition does he have?
a. Astigmatism
b. Presbyopia
c. Hyperopia
d. Myopia
b. Presbyopia
Which portion of ear contains ear ossicles?
a. external
b. middle
c. internal
d. vestibular apparatus
b. middle
What is the specific location of the inner and outer hair cells for hearing?
a. semicircular ducts
b. scala vestibuli
c. scala media (cochlear duct)
d. helicotrema
e. None of the listed structures is correct.
c. scala media (cochlear duct)
What is the function of the outer hair cells in the spiral organ (organ of Corti)?
a. They are the true receptors that transmit the vibrations of the basilar membrane to the cochlear nerve.
b. They are involved with actively tuning the cochlea and amplifying the signal.
c. They act as receptors for the otoliths.
d. They cause the tectorial membrane to move in response to vibrations.
d. They receive efferent fibers from the brain that cause the cells to stretch and contract, enhancing the responsiveness of outer hair cell receptors.
b. They are involved with actively tuning the cochlea and amplifying the signal.
The modiolus __.
a. is the smallest skeletal muscle in the body, which runs from the posterior wall of the middle ear to the stapes
b. is a spiraling chamber in the bony labyrinth
c. is a pillar of bone shaped like a screw whose tip lies at the apex of the cochlea
d. is the region of the inner ear that houses the receptors for static equilibrium
e. occurs because the vestibular nuclei lie near the centers in the medulla that control vomiting
c. is a pillar of bone shaped like a screw whose tip lies at the apex of the cochlea
Membrane attached to the stapes.
a. round window
b. oval window
c. pharyngotympanic
d. tympanic membrane
e. tectorial membrane
b. oval window
Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule.
a. macula lutea
b. scala vestibule
c. macula densa
d. vestibule
e. ora serrate
d. vestibule
Calcium carbonate crystals of the macula.
a. modiolus
b. helicotrema
c. scala tympani
d. otoliths
e. stapedius
d. otoliths
Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing.
a. semicircular canals
b. saccule
c. vestibule
d. cochlear duct
e. utricle
d. cochlear duct
Along with the saccule, this structure senses linear acceleration.
a. vestibule
b. spiral organ
c. utricle
d. cochlear duct
e. semicircular canals
c. utricle
Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti?
a. The spiral organ is part of the cochlear duct, which equals the scala media.
b. High-frequency sounds stimulate hair cells at the basal end of the basilar membrane.
c. The “hairs” of the receptor cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane.
d. The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed.
d. The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed.
Of the following structures, which is the only one that contains perilymph (instead of endolymph)?
a. scala media
b. scala tympani
c. semicircular ducts
d. saccule
b. scala tympani
Hair cells are receptor cells for
a. both hearing and equilibrium.
b. taste.
c. smell.
d. fine touch.
a. both hearing and equilibrium.
The middle ear cavity is normally filled with
a. air.
b. perilymph.
c. mucus.
d. endolymph.
a. air.
The cristae in the inner ear contain the receptors for
a. all aspects of hearing.
b. rotational equilibrium.
c. static equilibrium.
d. all aspects of equilibrium.
b. rotational equilibrium.
Receptors for hearing are located in the
a. cochlear duct.
b. middle ear.
c. semicircular canals.
d. tympanic membrane.
a. cochlear duct.
The oval window of the ear is connected directly to which passageway?
a. pharyngotympanic tube
b. scala tympani
c. scala vestibuli
d. external auditory canal
c. scala vestibuli
An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is/are the
a. otoliths.
b. spiral organ (of Corti).
c. cupula.
d. scala media.
a. otoliths.
The bony labyrinth is located in which portion of the temporal bone?
a. squamous
b. mastoid
c. tympanic
d. petrous
d. petrous
The transmission of sound vibrations through the external acoustic meatus occurs chiefly through
a. bone.
b. air.
c. fluid.
d. nerve fibers.
b. air.
Which of the following membranes is not part of the cochlea?
a. tectorial
b. tympanic
c. vestibular
d. basilar
b. tympanic
Abraham spoke so softly that Jason rolled a piece of paper into a funnel shape and put one end into his external auditory canal to signal Abraham to speak up. Abraham then shouted that a certain anatomical structure serves exactly the same function as Jason’s paper funnel. That structure is the
a. pharyngotympanic tube.
b. mastoid antrum.
c. round window.
d. pinna.
d. pinna.
The ossicle that is shaped like the stirrup of a saddle is the
a. tympanic membrane.
b. incus.
c. malleus.
d. stapes.
d. stapes.
The cristae ampullares in the inner ear are located in the
a. cochlear duct.
b. utricle.
c. semicircular ducts.
d. saccule.
c. semicircular ducts.
The difference between the membranous ampulla and cupula of the ear is that
a. the ampulla is the opening to the cochlea, whereas the cupula is found within the vestibule.
b. the ampulla contains the utricle and saccule, whereas the cupula contains the crista ampullaris.
c. the ampulla contains the crista ampullaris, which consists of hair cells and a cupula.
d. the ampulla is the enlargement at the base of the semicircular canals, whereas the cupula is encrusted with otoliths and lies within the vestibule.
c. the ampulla contains the crista ampullaris, which consists of hair cells and a cupula.
The stapes vibrates against the __.
a. epitympanic recess
b. oval window
c. tympanic membrane
d. mastoid antrum
b. oval window
T/F:
The vestibule of the ear lies between the semicircular canals and the cochlea.
True
T/F:
The scala vestibuli is adjacent to the round window, whereas the scala tympani is adjacent to the oval window.
False
T/F:
The tips of cochlear hair cells are embedded in the basilar membrane.
False
T/F:
The incus bridges the gap between the stapes connected to the oval window and the malleus connected to the tympanic membrane.
True
T/F:
Conduction deafness results from an inability of vibrations to pass to the inner ear.
True
Through which cranial bone do the nerve fibers of the olfactory nerve pass?
a. frontal
b. ethmoid
c. nasal
d. sphenoid
b. ethmoid
Which cells divide to replace the gustatory cells that are routinely damaged during eating?
a. chemoreceptors
b. tongue papillae
c. taste cells
d. sustentacular cells
e. basal epithelial cells
e. basal epithelial cells
Which cranial nerve conveys sensory gustatory impulses from the posterior one-third of the tongue?
a. cranial nerve IX
b. cranial nerve X
c. cranial nerve XII
d. cranial nerve VII
a. cranial nerve IX
__, which means “deliciousness” in Japanese, was recognized as a fifth basic taste in the 1980s.
umami
Microvilli from gustatory cells project through this structure.
a. gustatory epithelial cells
b. taste pore
c. tongue papilla
d. taste bud
e. olfactory bulb
b. taste pore
Sensory receptor for taste.
a. taste bud
b. gustatory epithelial cells
c. taste pore
d. tongue papilla
e. olfactory bulb
b. gustatory epithelial cells
Filaments of the olfactory receptor cells synapse with these cells of the olfactory tract.
a. cells in the lamina propria
b. support epithelial cells
c. olfactory stem cells
d. glomeruli
e. mitral cells
e. mitral cells
Region of the forebrain overlying the cribriform plate of the ethmoid.
a. insula
b. olfactory epithelium
c. olfactory bulb
d. thalamus
e. temporal lobe
c. olfactory bulb
The sensation of taste involves
a. photons altering pigment molecules.
b. chemicals binding to microvilli.
c. bending of cilia.
d. movement of crystals embedded in gelatinous masses.
b. chemicals binding to microvilli.
Scientists who are trying to find a way to make neurons divide to heal nerve injuries often study the body’s few mitotic neurons. These neurons are the
a. olfactory stem cells.
b. basal cells in the taste buds.
c. photoreceptors.
d. auditory hair cells.
a. olfactory stem cells.
The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the
a. glossopharyngeal.
b. hypoglossal.
c. olfactory.
d. facial.
d. facial.
Filaments that pass through the olfactory foramina of the cribriform plate belong to
a. axons of the olfactory receptor cells.
b. axons of the olfactory bulb mitral cells.
c. dendrites of the olfactory bulb mitral cells.
d. dendrites of the olfactory receptor cells.
a. axons of the olfactory receptor cells.
T/F:
Taste sensation is carried by the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves.
True
T/F:
Gustatory epithelial cells can be replaced if they are burned or scraped off during eating.
True
T/F:
Bipolar olfactory sensory neurons undergo continual renewal and replacement.
True