Final Exam: NR546/ NR 546 (Latest Update 2024/ 2025) Psychopharmacology for the Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Review| Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct- Chamberlain

Final Exam: NR546/ NR 546 (Latest Update 2024/ 2025) Psychopharmacology for the Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Review| Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct- Chamberlain

Exam 1: NR548/ NR 548 (Latest Update
2024/ 2025) Psychiatric Assessment for the
Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse
Practitioner Review |Weeks 1-2 Covered|
Questions and Verified Answers| 100%
Correct- Chamberlain
Q: Following WWI, the National League for Nursing Education added:
Answer:
“nursing in nervous and mental diseases” to curriculum guides
Q: In WWII, many potential military recruits deemed unfit for service due to psychiatric
concerns, while many veterans experienced combat-related neuropsychiatric conditions. Laura
Fitzsimmons recommended:
Answer:
standards of training for psychiatric nurses, which led to improved education and standards of
care.
Q: National Mental Health Act (NMHA) of 1946
Answer:
-psychiatric nursing was recognized as one of the four core disciplines in psychiatric care and
treatment
-The act increased funding for psychiatric nursing education programs and contributed to a
growth in university-based nursing education.
Q: 1954

Answer:
-the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing was established at Rutgers University by
Hildegarde Peplau

• to prepare nurse therapists.
  -The first advanced practice nursing role was the psychiatric-mental health clinical nurse
  specialist (PMHCNS) role.
  Q: The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963
  Answer:
  (1950s brought a transition towards deinstitutionalization in care for those with mental illnesses,
  which led to an increase in the number of psychiatric clients receiving care in the community
  rather than hospitals)
  -The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 allowed for the expansion of the PMHCNS
  role into community and ambulatory settings as they helped those who had been
  deinstitutionalized adapt
  Q: 1965
  Answer:
  Loretta Ford, RN and Henry Silver MD introduce the nurse practitioner role.
  Q: 1973 ANA first published:
  Answer:
  Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Practice
  Q: 1980s states began to grant:
  Answer:

prescriptive authority to advanced practice registered nurse (APRN), adding medication
prescribing and management to the traditional therapy role of the psychiatric mental health
(PMH) APRN.
Q: 2000s these exams were developed:
Answer:
Certification exams for adult and family psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP)
developed.
-These exams were retired in 2015 when psychiatric certification exams were combined to a
single Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (Across the Lifespan) Certification
(PMHNP-BC).
Q: The 21st Century Cures Act of 2016:
Answer:
-resulted in the creation of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Interdepartmental Serious Mental Illness Coordinating Committee (ISMICC)
-group is charged with compiling a summary of advances in serious mental illness (SMI) and
serious emotional disturbance (SED) research, evaluating federal programs and treatment
services related to SMI and SED, and making specific recommendations to better coordinate the
administration of mental health services
Q: present:
Answer:
Current trends in care focus on integrated treatment of those with co-occurring medical and
psychiatric diagnoses and co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders, leading to a need
to add content in advanced health assessment, pharmacology, pathophysiology, and the diagnosis
of psychiatric illness to graduate psychiatric nursing curricula.
-Primary care has become the point of entry to psychiatric care for many clients.
-PMHNPs are helping to address the growing need for primary mental health services and mental
illness prevention.
-Though the number of advanced practice psychiatric nurses has increased, there are still
limitations in access for many clients, which has led to disparities in mental health treatment.
Powered by https://learnexams.com/search/study?query=ati

PMH-APRN
a nurse with graduate-level training who provides psychiatric-mental health care and promotes mental health across the lifespan
-assess, diagnose and treat individuals and families who have psychiatric and/or substance disorders
-work in a variety of health care settings and practices and are eligible for reimbursement through private insurers, HMOs, PPOs, Medicare and Medicaid

ANA Code of Ethics: anticipatory guidance competency
ANA Standards and Scope: Standard 5B: Health Teaching & Promotion
-An educated professional nurse is aware of normal developmental and situational threats to wellness and can educate healthcare consumers to avoid them.

• Example: Moving a toddler from a crib to a bed can prevent injury associated with climbing out of the crib at that developmental age.

ANA Code of Ethics: the art of nursing is based on?
caring and respect for human dignity

ANA Code of Ethics: the fundamental principle of and attitude that the professional nurse must have as outlined in Provision 1
ANA Code of Ethics: Provision 1
-“the nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person” (ANA, 2015b, p. 1).

ANA Code of Ethics: How should the nurse respond to the discovery of human trafficking in his or her practice?
ANA Code of Ethics: Provision 8
-Nurses must “bring attention to human rights violations in all settings and contexts. . . . The nursing profession must respond when these violations are encountered” (ANA, 2015b, p. 33).

Dr. Edward Cowles created in 1882
the first organized training school within a hospital for the insane

1913, Effie Jane Taylor developed
the first nurse-organized training course for psychiatric nursing at Johns Hopkins Hospital
(before early psychiatric nurses were trained by physicians)

Following WWI, the National League for Nursing Education added:
“nursing in nervous and mental diseases” to curriculum guides

In WWII,​ many potential military recruits deemed unfit for service due to psychiatric concerns, while many veterans experienced combat-related neuropsychiatric conditions. Laura Fitzsimmons recommended:
standards of training for psychiatric nurses, which led to improved education and standards of care.​

National Mental Health Act (NMHA) of 1946
-psychiatric nursing was recognized as one of the four core disciplines in psychiatric care and treatment
-The act increased funding for psychiatric nursing education programs and contributed to a growth in university-based nursing education.

1954
-the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing was established at Rutgers University by Hildegarde Peplau

• to prepare nurse therapists.
  -The first advanced practice nursing role was the psychiatric-mental health clinical nurse specialist (PMHCNS) role.

The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963
(1950s brought a transition towards deinstitutionalization in care for those with mental illnesses, which led to an increase in the number of psychiatric clients receiving care in the community rather than hospitals)
-The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 allowed for the expansion of the PMHCNS role into community and ambulatory settings as they helped those who had been deinstitutionalized adapt

1965
Loretta Ford, RN and Henry Silver MD introduce the nurse practitioner role.

1973 ANA first published:
Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Practice

1980s states began to grant:
prescriptive authority to advanced practice registered nurse (APRN), adding medication prescribing and management to the traditional therapy role of the psychiatric mental health (PMH) APRN.

2000s these exams were developed:
Certification exams for adult and family psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) developed.
-These exams were retired in 2015​ when psychiatric certification exams were combined to a single Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (Across the Lifespan) Certification (PMHNP-BC)​.

The 21st Century Cures Act of 2016:
-resulted in the creation of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Interdepartmental Serious Mental Illness Coordinating Committee (ISMICC)
-group is charged with compiling a summary of advances in serious mental illness (SMI) and serious emotional disturbance (SED) research, evaluating federal programs and treatment services related to SMI and SED, and making specific recommendations to better coordinate the administration of mental health services

present:
Current trends in care focus on integrated treatment of those with co-occurring medical and psychiatric diagnoses and co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders, leading to a need to add content in advanced health assessment, pharmacology, pathophysiology, and the diagnosis of psychiatric illness to graduate psychiatric nursing curricula.
-Primary care has become the point of entry to psychiatric care for many clients.
-PMHNPs are helping to address the growing need for primary mental health services and mental illness prevention.
-Though the number of advanced practice psychiatric nurses has increased, there are still limitations in access for many clients, which has led to disparities in mental health treatment.​

PMHNP scope of practice
broad and includes practice in a variety of possible roles and clinical settings
-Education

• A master’s degree, post master’s certificate, or doctoral degree is required for PMH APRN practice.
  -Clinical Practice Settings
• Crisis intervention and psychiatric emergency services
• Acute inpatient care
• Intermediate and long-term care
• Partial hospitalization and intensive outpatient treatment (IOP)
• Residential services
• Community-based care
• Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)
  -PMHNP APRN Roles
• Primary care
• Psychotherapy
• Psychopharmacological management
• Case management
• Program, system, and policy development management
• Psychiatric Consultation-Liaison Nursing (PCLN)
• Clinical Supervision
• Self-Employment
  -PMH APRN Specialty Areas
• Integrative programs
• Telehealth
• Forensic mental health
• Disaster psychiatric-mental health nursing

match the practice setting with the correct scenario: The PMHNP is providing care to a 29-year-old client who presents with persistent sadness and hopelessness for the last two months. She is having difficulty sleeping and has a decreased appetite. This is the client’s first contact with the healthcare system about her concerns.
Primary Care

Rationale: This is the client’s initial contact with the healthcare system about her concerns

match the practice setting with the correct scenario: The client has experienced depressive symptoms. The PMHNP prescribes a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).
Pharmacologic Intervention

Rationale: The PMHNP is prescribing psychopharmacotherapy for the client

match the practice setting with the correct scenario: The PMHNP provides the client with some mindfulness techniques to try at home.
Psychotherapy

Rationale: The PMHNP is utilizing a psychotherapeutic approach to help the client gain insight

match the practice setting with the correct scenario: Two weeks after starting on the SSRI, the client begins to experience suicidal ideations and develops a plan to kill herself. A friend brings the client to the emergency room. The PMHNP meets the client at the emergency room and collaborates with the physician to coordinate care.
Crisis Intervention

Rationale: Suicidal ideation with a plan is a psychiatric emergency requiring immediate intervention

match the practice setting with the correct scenario: The client is admitted to the psychiatric and behavioral health unit at the local hospital for a 72-hour observation where the PMHNP works with her team providing treatment. The client remains hospitalized for a week while her medications are managed. The client attends individual and group therapy sessions.
Acute PMHNP Care

Rationale: Acute inpatient care occurs in an intensive hospital or psychiatric facility setting

match the practice setting with the correct scenario: Following hospitalization, the client returns home but commutes to a treatment center for 4 hours a day 5 days per week for ongoing therapy, medication management, and psychoeducation
Partial Hospitalization/Intensive Outpatient Treatment

Rationale: Partial Hospitalization/Intensive Outpatient Treatment occurs when a client receives intensive therapy on an outpatient basis, often used when a client does not require 24-hour care but still require intense treatment

match the practice setting with the correct scenario: The PMHNP serves as the point of contact person, coordinating the treatment team, which consists of the PMHNP, a social worker, and possibly a psychologist and psychiatrist
Case Management

Rationale: Case management involves oversight and/or coordination of care

match the practice setting with the correct scenario: Over the course of 2 months, the client’s condition improves. She is discharged from intensive outpatient treatment and begins weekly appointments with the PMHNP at the PMHNP’s clinic
Community-Based Care

Rationale: Community-based care is provided in a non-hospital community setting

match the practice setting with the correct scenario: A global pandemic limits face-to-face mental health visits, the PMHNP determines that the client requires ongoing mental health treatment. The PMHNP arranges to meet with the client via weekly interactive video sessions
Telehealth

Rationale: Telehealth services utilize telecommunication technology to deliver treatment to clients

match the practice setting with the correct scenario: The PMHNP owns the private practice that is providing services to the client
Self-Employment

Rationale: The PMHNP is providing direct services through private practice

Code of Ethics
provides guidance to nurses about ethical behavior and mandates a minimum standard of practice
-nine provisions within the Code

• Within the nine provisions, three groupings exist
• specific applications have been developed for PMHNP practice

Code of Ethics 9 Provisions
-Respect for the Individual

• Provision 1: The nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person.

-Commitment to the Healthcare Consumer

• Provision 2: The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, community, or population.

-Advocacy for the Healthcare Consumer

• Provision 3: The nurse promotes, advocates for, and protects the rights, health, and safety of the patient.

-Responsibility and Accountability for Practice

• Provision 4: The nurse has authority, accountability, and responsibility for nursing practice; makes decisions and takes action consistent with the obligation to promote health and provide optimum patient care.

-Duties to Self and Others

• Provision 5: The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to promote health and safety, preserve wholeness of character and integrity, maintain competence, and continue personal and professional growth.

-Contributions to Healthcare Environments

• Provision 6: The nurse, through individual and collective effort, establishes, maintains, and improves the ethical environment of the work setting and conditions of employment that are conducive to safe, quality health care.

-Advancement of the Nursing Profession

• Provision 7: The nurse, in all roles and settings, advances the profession through research and scholarly inquiry, professional standards of development, and the generation of both nursing and health policy.

-Collaboration to Meet Health Needs

• Provision 8: The nurse collaborates with other health professionals and the public to protect human rights, promote health diplomacy, and reduce health disparities.

-Promotion of the Nursing Profession

• Provision 9: The profession of nursing, collectively through its professional organizations, must articulate nursing values, maintain the integrity of the profession, and integrate principles of social justice into nursing and health policy.

Match the ethical principles to the scenario it represents:
Person A: “I can’t believe you deal with these people every day. Schizophrenics would drive ME crazy!”
PMHNP: “Actually, schizophrenia is a chronic treatable disease, much like diabetes or other physical illnesses. Clients who have mental illness deserve compassion and care.”
Respect for the Individual (Provision 1)

Rationale: Respect for the individual affirms the worth and dignity of those with PMH disorders by advocating to overcome negative stigmas towards PMH diagnoses to ensure access to care.

Match the ethical principles to the scenario it represents: The client presents to the emergency department with hallucinations and is threatening self-harm. The PMHNP signs an involuntary admission order for emergent psychiatric care.
Commitment to the Healthcare Consumer (provision 2)

Rationale: The PMHNP demonstrates a commitment to the healthcare consumer by balancing the client’s human rights with safety, including coercive measures when the client was unable to maintain their own safety.

Match the ethical principles to the scenario it represents: The PMHNP is sharing sexually explicit memes with a client that she saw earlier today in a group session.
Advocacy for the Healthcare Consumer (provision 3)

This is an unethical scenario. The PMHNP recognizes the power differential in the therapeutic relationship and understands that any sort of sexual activity or intimacies with current clients, their close family members, guardians, or significant others is unethical.

Match the ethical principles to the scenario it represents: The PMHNP has overbooked her sessions today, so she asks the RN who works in her office to conduct one of her phone therapy sessions today.
Responsibility and Accountability for Practice (provision 4)

Rationale: This is an unethical scenario. The PMHNP must understand the scope of other team members’ practice in order to delegate appropriately. Conducting a counseling session is outside of the RN’s scope of practice.

Match the ethical principles to the scenario it represents: The PMHNP takes time for daily meditation to improve mindfulness and ease stress.
Duties to Self and Others (provision 5)

Rationale: The PMHNP is committed to practicing self-care, managing stress, and maintaining supportive relationships to meet personal needs outside of therapeutic relationships.

Match the ethical principles to the scenario it represents: A PMHNP discovers her colleague is diverting scheduled medications to self-medicate anxiety. The PMHNP reports the concerns to the colleague’s supervisor.
Contributions to Healthcare Environments (provision 6)

Rationale: The PMHNP recognizes signs/symptoms of psychiatric disorders in the workplace reporting peer observations to leadership. The PMHNP helps address problems faced by colleagues that impact client safety or violate public trust, including substance abuse.

Match the ethical principles to the scenario it represents: The PMHNP gives a presentation at a national conference on best practices in depression treatment.
Advancement of the Nursing Profession (provision 7)

Rationale: The PMHNP contributes to advancing the profession through practice, education, administration, and knowledge development.

Match the ethical principles to the scenario it represents: The PMHNP is a member of the ANA and NAMI and regularly participates in workgroups that seek to expand access to care for healthcare consumers with PMH disorders.
Collaboration to meet health needs (provision 8)

Rationale: The PMHNP promotes community, national, and international efforts to meet health needs through collaboration with other healthcare professionals to promote prevention, treatment, and recovery.

Match the ethical principles to the scenario it represents: A PMHNP speaks at a school board meeting about the need develop policies to expand mental health services for underserved students.
Promotion of the Nursing Profession (provision 9)

Rationale: The PMHNP participates in policy development and implementation that recognizes PMH disorders as treatable and ensures that nursing care is delivered with respect to human needs and values without prejudice.

Strategies to eliminate disparities in behavioral health:
-increasing the number of minority providers
-improving access to services through telehealth and other technologies
-examining and understanding the social determinants of health in underserved communities
-using cultural humility to enhance communication in populations served
-increasing the use of Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) integrative practice clinics that provide medical and behavioral health services in one location

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)
The World Health Organization (n.d., para. 1) defines the SDOH as “the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. These conditions are influenced by economics, political influence, and resources at the global, national, and local levels.”
-Another key determinant of health is access to quality, affordable healthcare

Healthy People 2030
a national initiative for discerning individual and population risk factors and health indicators
-The Healthy People initiative developed a “place-based” organizing framework to consider SDOH which highlights five key areas of SDOH and underlying factors that may contribute to DISPARITIES.

• Health and Health Care
• Neighborhood and Built Environment
• Social and Community Context
• Economic Stability
• Education

Match the disparity to the key area of the Social Determinants of Health:
Incarceration
Crime and Violence
Access to Mental Health Services
Housing Instability
Language and Literacy
Incarceration – Social and Community Context
Crime and Violence – Neighborhood and Built environment
Access to Mental Health Services – Health and Healthcare
Housing Instability – Economic Stability
Language and Literacy – Education

personal health literacy
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) defined as “the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others”

the leading causes of disability, disease burden, premature mortality, and suicide.
neuropsychiatric disorders

mental illness has ripple effects on:
the person, family, community, and world

impacts of mental illness
Person
-Reduced ability to maintain physical health
-Increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease
-Increased risk for unemployment
-DECREASED LIFE EXPECTANCEY 11-30 YEARS

Family
-Increased stress
-Caregiver fatigue

Community
-Mental health and substance abuse disorders are involved in 1/8 ED visits by adults in U.S.
-Mood disorders are the most common cause of hospitalization for those under 45 years of age in U.S.
-Over $190 billion lost earnings
-Increased risk for homelessness, incarceration

World
-Depression and anxiety cost global economy $1 trillion in lost productivity each year
-Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide

Person-Centered, Recovery-Oriented Model of Public Health
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA, 2022) strategic plan for 2019-2023
-advancing recovery support services is essential for treating the opioid crisis and substance abuse disorders
-improve access to and quality of care, reduce mental illness

• Prevention
• Screening
• Early intervention
• Integrated care
• Innovative use of health information technology
• Appropriate number and distribution of mental health professionals

PMH-NPs fulfill three key roles
provision of psychotherapy
provision of psychopharmacological interventions
provision of clinical supervision

The Standards of Practice and Standards of Professional Performance for Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
specify the minimum levels of acceptable performance which can legally be used to describe the standard of care that psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) must demonstrate
-Each standard for the psychiatric mental health registered nurse (PMH-RN) also applies to the PMHNP role

17 standards of professional performance
Guide PMHNP practice:
Standard 1: Assessment
Standard 2: Diagnosis
Standard 3: Outcomes Identification
Standard 4: Planning
Standard 5: Implementation
Standard 6: Evaluation
Standard 7: Ethics
Standard 8: Cultural Humanity
Standard 9: Communication
Standard 10: Professional Collaboration
Standard 11: Leadership
Standard 12: Education
Standard 13: Evidence-Based Practice and Research
Standard 14: Quality of Practice
Standard 15: Professional Practice Evaluation
Standard 16: Resource Utilization
Standard 17: Environmental Health

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 1
Standard 1: Assessment
The PMHNP must be able to perform a comprehensive, person-centered psychiatric and mental health diagnostic evaluation, using relevant diagnostic tests and procedures. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines inform screening and diagnostic activities when appropriate. Assessment may include a multigenerational family assessment as well as the assessment of interactions between the individual, family, community, and social systems as they relate to mental health.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 2
Standard 2: Diagnosis
The PMHNP must be able to use data obtained during the interview, examination, and diagnostic procedures to develop standard psychiatric and substance use diagnoses. The PMHNP evaluates the effects of psychiatric disorders on recovery, quality of life, and functional status and may examine the impact of stressors, trauma, and situational crisis in the context of the family cycle. The PMHNP may assist other staff in developing competence in the diagnostic process.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 3
Standard 3: Outcomes Identification
The PMHNP assists the PMH-RN to identify expected outcomes based on scientific evidence. Outcomes identification includes consideration of costs, clinical effectiveness, satisfaction, consistency, and continuity among providers. The PMHNP develops and applies clinical guidelines associated with positive clinical outcomes.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 4
Standard 4: Planning
The PMHNP applies current evidence and expert clinical knowledge to the identification of assessment and diagnostic strategies and therapeutic interventions. Individualized plans of care incorporate the client’s beliefs and values and may include treatment modalities such as psychopharmacology and psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, and supportive interpersonal therapies.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 5
Standard 5: Implementation
PMHNPs facilitate the use of system and community resources to implement the plan of care. The implementation standard incorporates coordination of care across disciplines; health teaching and health promotion; consultation; prescriptive authority and treatment; pharmacological, biological, and integrative therapies; milieu therapy, therapeutic relationships and counseling, and psychotherapy. The PMHNP functions as the single point of accountability for all medical and psychiatric services.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 6
Standard 6: Evaluation
PMHNPs evaluate the accuracy of diagnosis and effectiveness of interventions in reaching the client’s desired outcomes. Evaluation includes consideration of the impact of the plan of care on the client, family, group, community, and institutions. Results of evaluations may lead to recommendations for process, protocol, or policy changes.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 7
Standard 7: Ethics
PMHNPs use the ANA Code of Ethics with Interpretive Statements to guide practice including informing the client of risks, benefits, and outcomes associated with care; participation in interprofessional teams to address ethical concerns; promotion of environments that support ethical care; and use of ethical principles to engage in advocacy for those with mental health problems, psychiatric disorders, and addiction services.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 8
Standard 8: Cultural Humanity
PMHNPs engage in self-reflection to assess for personal biases when working with culturally diverse individuals, groups, and communities. They strive to cultivate curiosity about the experience and treatment desires of clients from diverse backgrounds. They promote an inclusive work environment and participate in lifelong learning to develop and reinforce working effectively and inclusively with diverse populations.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 9
Standard 9: Communication
PMHNPs assess communication preferences of healthcare consumers, families, and colleagues. They seek to assess and improve personal communication skills, accurately conveying information, and thoroughly documenting care. They maintain communication with other members of the interprofessional and contribute their professional perspective.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 10
Standard 10: Professional Collaboration
PMHNPs partner with other disciplines to improve care through activities that include consultation, education, research, and technological development. They model expert practice, mentor colleagues, and facilitate interprofessional processes.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 11
Standard 11: Leadership
PMHNPs provide leadership by influencing decision-making bodies and health policy to promote person-centered, recovery-oriented mental health services, and improvement of the practice environment. They provide direction to interprofessional teams and design innovations to improve practice and health outcomes. PMHNPs model expert practice and mentor colleagues.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 12
Standard 12: Education
PMHNPs seek current evidence to expand clinical knowledge, improve role performance, and increase understanding of professional issues. In the advanced role, they model expert practice; mentor RNs and other colleagues as appropriate; and participate in interprofessional teams that contribute to the promotion of interprofessional education, role development, advanced nursing practice, and health care.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 13
Standard 13: Evidence-Based Practice and Research
PMHNPs contribute to nursing knowledge by conducting, appraising, or synthesizing research to improve healthcare practice. PMHNPs engage in activities that promote research and clinical inquiry, including the dissemination of research findings and the integration of current evidence into practice.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 14
Standard 14: Quality of Practice
PMHNPs obtain and maintain professional certification at the advanced level. PMHNPs may evaluate the practice environment in relation to existing evidence, design quality improvement initiatives, and identify opportunities for the generation or use of research.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 15
Standard 15: Professional Practice Evaluation
PMHNPs formally seek feedback regarding their practice from healthcare consumers, colleagues, peers, and others. They reflect on and evaluate their practice and role performance to model self-improvement.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 16
Standard 16: Resource Utilization
PMHNPs effectively use organizational and community resources to create innovative, interprofessional plans of care that address healthcare consumers’ concerns. Evaluation strategies demonstrate quality, cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, and efficiency. PMHNPs build collaborative relationships to identify and meet resource needs.

PMHNP standards of Practice: Standard 17
Standard 17: Environmental Health
PMHNPs work to analyze the impact of social, political, and economic influences on the environment and human health exposures, creating partnerships that promote sustainable environmental health policies.

Select the most appropriate standard for each scenario: The PMHNP prescribes clozapine for a client experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia. He reminds the client to follow up with the lab to have bloodwork drawn every two weeks to monitor white blood cell count.
Standard 5: Implementation

Rationale: Under the implementation standard 5D, the PMHNP prescribes pharmacologic agents based on current knowledge of pharmacology and physiology and provides healthcare consumers with information about intended effects and potential adverse effects of proposed prescriptive therapies.

Select the most appropriate standard for each scenario: The PMHNP is treating a client who comes in with the following symptoms: trouble sleeping, low energy, difficulty concentrating, and a persistent sad mood for the last four weeks. Due to the symptoms, the client has withdrawn from her friends and is experiencing difficulties at work. The PMHNP correctly determines that the client’s symptoms fit the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder.
Standard 2: Diagnosis

Rationale: Under the Diagnosis standard, the PMHNP develops standard psychiatric and substance use diagnoses.

Select the most appropriate standard for each scenario: The PMHNP serves as a peer reviewer of articles for the Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association.
Standard 13: Evidence-Based Practice and Research

Rationale: Under the Evidence-Based Practice and Research standard, the PMHNP contributes to nursing knowledge by conducting, critically appraising, or synthesizing research that discovers, examines, and evaluates knowledge, theories, criteria, and creative approaches to improve healthcare practice.