Week 6: NR606/ NR 606 (Latest Update 2024/ 2025) Diagnosis & Management in Psychiatric Mental Health II Practicum Review |Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct- Chamberlain
Week 6: NR606/ NR 606 (Latest Update
2024/ 2025) Diagnosis & Management in
Psychiatric Mental Health II Practicum
Review |Complete Guide with Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% CorrectChamberlain
Q: What is anorexia nervosa?
Answer:
Eating disorder with restrictive eating patterns and low body weight.
Q: What percentage of the population does anorexia nervosa affect?
Answer:
1 to 2%, including 0.3% of adolescents.
Q: What are the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa?
Answer:
Low body weight, fear of weight gain, disturbance in body weight perception.
Q: What are the severity levels of anorexia nervosa based on BMI?
Answer:
Mild (≤17 kg/m2), Moderate (16-16.99 kg/m2), Severe (15-15.99 kg/m2), Extreme (<15 kg/m2).
Q: What are the medical complications of anorexia nervosa?
Answer:
Impact on major organ systems, risk of death due to starvation and suicide.
Q: What cardiovascular changes can occur in anorexia nervosa?
Answer:
Decreased cardiac mass, reduced cardiac chamber volume, mitral valve prolapse, myocardial
fibrosis.
Q: When do pericardial effusions generally occur in anorexia nervosa?
Answer:
With weight restoration.
Q: What are the functional changes associated with anorexia?
Answer:
Bradycardia, hypotension, decreased diastolic ventricular function, diminished heart rate
variability, QT interval prolongation.
Q: How does anorexia impact the gynecologic and reproductive system?
Answer:
Secondary amenorrhea, decreased libido, increased incidence of pregnancy complications.
Q: What endocrine complications can occur with anorexia?
Answer:
Hypothalamic-pituitary abnormalities, severe bone loss.
Q: What gastrointestinal issues can arise from anorexia?
Answer:
Gastroparesis, diarrhea or constipation, elevated liver function tests, superior mesenteric artery
syndrome, acute pancreatitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, dysphagia.
Q: What renal and electrolyte imbalances can occur with anorexia?
Answer:
Decreased glomerular filtration rates, difficulty creating concentrated urine, diuresis,
hyponatremia, dehydration.
Q: What pulmonary complications can arise from anorexia?
Answer:
Weakness and wasting of respiratory muscles, dyspnea, reduced aerobic capacity, decreased
pulmonary capacity, aspiration pneumonia.
Q: What hematologic changes are common in anorexia?
Answer:
Cytopenia, bone marrow changes, petechiae, purpura.
Q: What neurological conditions can be seen in anorexia?
Answer:
Wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff syndrome, brain atrophy, other brain structure changes.
Q: What are the dermatologic manifestations of anorexia?
Answer:
Xerosis (dry, scaly skin), lanugo-like body hair, telogen effluvium (hair loss), carotenoderma
(yellowing), acne, hyperpigmentation.
Q: Seborrheic dermatitis
Answer:
Erythema and greasy scales on the skin
Q: Acrocyanosis
Answer:
Cold, blue, and occasionally sweaty hands or feet
Q: Perniosis
Answer:
Painful or pruritic erythema
Q: Petechiae
Answer:
Small red or purple spots on the skin
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What are feeding and eating disorders? Severe, persistent disturbances in eating behaviors.
What percentage of the population in the U.S. is affected by eating disorders? Approximately 9%.
How much does eating disorders cost per year in the U.S.? $64.7 billion.
What is the second deadliest mental health condition? Eating disorders.
How many deaths per year are caused by eating disorders? Approximately 10,200.
At what age do eating disorders typically develop? Adolescence or young adulthood.
Are eating disorders more common in women? Yes, but they can affect all genders and races at any age.
What are the five eating disorders listed in the DSM-5-TR? Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), and pica.
What are some complex biopsychosocial factors that influence the development of eating disorders? Neurobiological differences involving serotonin and dopamine, cultural norms idealizing a thin appearance.
What are some risk factors for eating disorders? Family history of eating disorders, weight stigma, trauma, history of being bullied about weight or appearance.
What are some common characteristics of clients with eating disorders? Negative self-appraisal, perfectionism, body image dissatisfaction, history of anxiety disorder.
What is anorexia nervosa? Eating disorder with restrictive eating patterns and low body weight.
What percentage of the population does anorexia nervosa affect? 1 to 2%, including 0.3% of adolescents.
What are the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa? Low body weight, fear of weight gain, disturbance in body weight perception.
What are the severity levels of anorexia nervosa based on BMI? Mild (≤17 kg/m2), Moderate (16-16.99 kg/m2), Severe (15-15.99 kg/m2), Extreme (<15 kg/m2).
What are the medical complications of anorexia nervosa? Impact on major organ systems, risk of death due to starvation and suicide.
What cardiovascular changes can occur in anorexia nervosa? Decreased cardiac mass, reduced cardiac chamber volume, mitral valve prolapse, myocardial fibrosis.
When do pericardial effusions generally occur in anorexia nervosa? With weight restoration.
What are the functional changes associated with anorexia? Bradycardia, hypotension, decreased diastolic ventricular function, diminished heart rate variability, QT interval prolongation.
How does anorexia impact the gynecologic and reproductive system? Secondary amenorrhea, decreased libido, increased incidence of pregnancy complications.
What endocrine complications can occur with anorexia? Hypothalamic-pituitary abnormalities, severe bone loss.
What gastrointestinal issues can arise from anorexia? Gastroparesis, diarrhea or constipation, elevated liver function tests, superior mesenteric artery syndrome, acute pancreatitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, dysphagia.
What renal and electrolyte imbalances can occur with anorexia? Decreased glomerular filtration rates, difficulty creating concentrated urine, diuresis, hyponatremia, dehydration.
What pulmonary complications can arise from anorexia? Weakness and wasting of respiratory muscles, dyspnea, reduced aerobic capacity, decreased pulmonary capacity, aspiration pneumonia.
What hematologic changes are common in anorexia? Cytopenia, bone marrow changes, petechiae, purpura.
What neurological conditions can be seen in anorexia? Wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff syndrome, brain atrophy, other brain structure changes.
What are the dermatologic manifestations of anorexia? Xerosis (dry, scaly skin), lanugo-like body hair, telogen effluvium (hair loss), carotenoderma (yellowing), acne, hyperpigmentation.
Seborrheic dermatitis Erythema and greasy scales on the skin
Acrocyanosis Cold, blue, and occasionally sweaty hands or feet
Perniosis Painful or pruritic erythema
Petechiae Small red or purple spots on the skin
Livedo reticularis Reddish-cyanotic circular patches on the skin
Paronychia Inflammation of the nail folds
Pruritus Itching sensation on the skin
Striae distensae Linear patches on the skin
Slower wound healing Delayed healing of wounds
Binge eating/purging type anorexia nervosa Eating disorder involving purging activities to control weight gain
What are the compensatory behaviors in bulimia nervosa? Self-induced vomiting, laxative use, excessive exercise, fasting.
What is the prevalence rate of bulimia nervosa in women? Up to 1.5%.
What is the prevalence rate of bulimia nervosa in men? Unknown.
Has the prevalence of bulimia nervosa increased over time? Yes.
What are common comorbidities with bulimia nervosa? Depression, anxiety, substance use disorder.
What percentage of individuals with bulimia nervosa have personality disorders? Unknown.
What is the most common personality disorder associated with bulimia nervosa? Borderline personality disorder.
What are the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa according to DSM-5-TR? Recurrent binge eating, lack of control, compensatory behaviors, weekly occurrence for 3 months, influence of body shape/weight on self-evaluation.
What are the medical complications of bulimia nervosa? N/A
What are the medical complications of bulimia? Dental, Endocrine, Gastrointestinal, Renal & Electrolytes
What are the dental complications of bulimia? Enamel erosion, Hot/cold sensitivity, Discoloration, Dental caries, Gum disease
What are the endocrine complications of bulimia? Menstrual irregularities, Osteopenia and osteoporosis, Diabetes
What are the gastrointestinal complications of bulimia? Parotid and submandibular (salivary) gland hypertrophy, Laryngopharyngeal reflux, Loss of gag reflex, Esophageal dysmotility, Abdominal pain and bloating, Mallory-Weiss syndrome (esophageal tears), Esophageal rupture (Boerhaave syndrome), Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett’s esophagus, Gastric dilation, Diarrhea and malabsorption, Steatorrhea, Protein-losing gastroenteropathy, Hypokalemic ileus, Colonic dysmotility, Constipation, Irritable bowel syndrome, Melanosis coli, Cathartic colon, Rectal prolapse, Pancreatitis
What are the renal and electrolyte complications of bulimia? Dehydration, Hypokalemia, Hypochloremia, Hyponatremia, Metabolic alkalosis, Hypomagnesemia, Hypophosphatemia
What is binge eating? Consuming an excessively large amount of food with loss of control.
What is binge eating disorder (BED)? Recurrent episodes of binge eating with distress or secrecy about eating.
When was binge eating first described? In the 1950s.
When was BED added to the DSM? With the 5th edition in 2013.
What is the mean age of onset for BED? 12.5 years.
What are the prevalence rates of BED? Estimated to be 2% to 4%.
Is BED more common in girls or boys? Equal distribution between girls and boys.
Is BED prevalent across all racial and ethnic groups? Yes, it occurs across all racial and ethnic groups.
Is BED associated with obesity? Yes, it is often associated with obesity.
Why is BED associated with obesity? There are no compensatory behaviors to eliminate consumed calories.
What are the consequences of BED and obesity? Consequences for both physical and psychological health.
Are the effects of binge eating cessation on weight loss established? No, they are not established.
What are the criteria for the diagnosis of BED? Episodes of binge eating, lack of control, distress, and specific eating behaviors.
How are episodes of binge eating defined? Consuming an excessive amount of food in a discrete period.
How often should binge eating episodes occur for a BED diagnosis? At least once a week for three months.
What are some eating behaviors associated with binge eating? Eating rapidly, eating until uncomfortably full, eating when not physically hungry.
What is a common behavior during binge eating? Eating alone due to embarrassment.
What emotions are often experienced after binge eating? Disgust, depression, guilt.
What is the acronym for the diagnostic manual that includes BED criteria? DSM-5-TR.
What does DSM-5-TR stand for? Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision.
What are the criteria for a pica diagnosis? Eating behaviors must not be developmentally appropriate or culturally or socially sanctioned practices.
What are the risk factors for pica? Neglect, lack of supervision, and developmental delay.
What are the common substances ingested in pica? Clay, paper, soap, hair, soil, chalk, paint, metal, pebbles, or ice.
What is the prevalence of pica in school-age children? Approximately 5%.
What are the medical complications of untreated pica? Intestinal obstruction, poisoning, and other medical emergencies.
What can lead to lead poisoning in pica? Excess consumption of paint flakes.
What complications can arise from consuming abrasive items in pica? Intestinal obstruction or tear.
What infections can occur from consuming dirt or mud in pica? Infections from organisms and parasites.
What is the severity ranking for binge eating episodes? Mild: 1 to 3, Moderate: 4 to 7, Severe: 8 to 13, Extreme: 14 or more.
What are the compensatory behaviors not seen in binge eating disorder? Purging, fasting, or excessive exercise.
What eating disorders can binge eating occur with? Bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa.
What is the duration required for a pica diagnosis? Persistent ingestion of nonfood items for at least one month.
What is the prevalence of pica in children who are otherwise developmentally typical? Unknown.
What are the common substances ingested in pica in the pediatric population? Clay, paper, soap, hair, soil.
What are the common substances ingested in pica in adult populations? Chalk, paint, metal, pebbles, or ice.
What are the comorbid conditions often seen with pica? Other medical and mental health conditions.
What is the potential fatality of pica? Depends on the substances ingested.
What is the diagnostic manual used for pica diagnosis? DSM-5-TR.
What is the prevalence of pica in the pediatric population? Approximately 5%.
What are some potential damages caused by infections? Liver or kidney damage
What can cause esophageal tears? Sharp or harsh objects like metal scraps
What can lead to brain damage? Eating lead or other harmful substances
What are some symptoms of gastrointestinal issues? Constipation, bloody stool, or diarrhea
What are some potential injuries to the mouth and teeth? Mouth and teeth injuries
What deficiency can cause pica? Iron deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency
What is the appropriate test to check for lead ingestion? Lead testing
What is a recommended treatment for children with pica? Behavior modification therapy using a rewards system
Are nutritional supplements indicated for pica? No, unless there are nutritional deficits
Are there approved medications to treat pica? No, currently there are none
What is a potential off-label medication for reducing impulsive eating? Olanzapine
What is Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)? A disorder characterized by reduced food intake due to fear, lack of interest, or sensory sensitivity.
When was ARFID added to the DSM-5? 2013.
How prevalent is ARFID compared to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa? Thought to be equally prevalent.
What are the potential consequences of ARFID? Nutritional, medical, and psychosocial impairment.
How do the eating habits of children with ARFID differ from typical childhood food refusal behaviors? Children with ARFID have habitual food avoidance, while typical food refusal behaviors are transient.
What are some disruptive behaviors that children with ARFID may exhibit during mealtime? Spitting food out, batting it away, holding food in the mouth, refusing to swallow.
Which mental health conditions may increase the risk of ARFID? Anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, intellectual disabilities.
What are some additional risk factors for ARFID? Maternal eating disorder, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, vomiting, and other medical problems.
What are the diagnostic criteria for ARFID according to the DSM-5-TR? Eating or feeding disturbance not due to food shortage or cultural practice, associated with weight loss, nutritional deficiency, dependence on enteral feeding or oral nutritional supplements, impaired psychosocial functioning.
What is bulimia nervosa? An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging.
What is the SCOFF tool? A quick and easy screening tool for eating disorders.
What is the purpose of the PARDI interview? To assess and diagnose pica and ARFID.
Who are the PARDI Parent/Carer 2-3 and Parent/Carer 4+ tools used with? Children and their caregivers.
Who are the PARDI Self 8-13 and Self 14+ tools used with? Adolescents.
What information is required in a comprehensive history for pica and ARFID? Details of exposure, substance ingested, amount, duration, co-ingestions, settings, and symptoms of toxicity.
What are the treatment options for anorexia nervosa? Psychotherapy and pharmacological interventions.
What are the treatment goals for anorexia nervosa? Restoration of nutrition, healthy weight, reduction of exercise, elimination of binge-purge and binge-eating behaviors.
What is the primary goal of treatment in medically stable anorexia nervosa clients? Weight gain.
What are the effective modalities of psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa? Family therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.
What can medications help address in anorexia nervosa clients? Comorbid psychopathologies such as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorders.
In what settings can psychotherapy be administered for anorexia nervosa? Outpatient, partial hospitalization programs (day-treatment), or residential treatment settings.
How are bulimia and binge eating disorder treated? Combining antidepressant medications with psychotherapy.
Which medication should be avoided in clients with active symptoms of bulimia nervosa? Bupropion.
Which medication has been approved for moderate to severe binge eating disorder in adults? Lisdexamfetamine.
Are there any FDA-approved medications for children or adolescents with binge eating disorder? No.
What is the first-line medication for the treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder? Fluoxetine.
What are the second-line medications for the treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder? Sertraline and escitalopram.
What is the third-line medication for the treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder? Tricyclic antidepressants, trazodone, MAOIs, and topiramate.
What type of therapy is supported by evidence for the treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder? Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
How many phases are there in the implementation of CBT for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder? Three phases.
What is the focus of brief strategic therapy for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder? Disrupting dysfunctional responses rather than identifying the causes of the problem.
Is brief strategic therapy effective for clients with comorbid mental health diagnoses? Yes, especially for clients with comorbid mental health diagnoses.
What is pica? Eating non-food substances.
What is the gold standard treatment for pica? There is no gold standard treatment.
What are the primary interventions for pica? Behavioral treatments.
Are pharmacological interventions commonly used to treat pica? No, they are typically not used.
When are surgical interventions employed for pica? When obstructions or perforations occur.
What are some behavioral interventions for pica? Noncontingent reinforcement, environmental enrichment, and overcorrection.
Which interventions have demonstrated moderate efficacy for pica reduction? Noncontingent reinforcement, environmental enrichment, and overcorrection.
Which interventions have limited evidence for efficacy in pica reduction? Physical restraint and response blocking.
Which interventions have insufficient evidence to support efficacy in pica reduction? Discrimination training, aversive stimuli, and habit reversal.
Are there any proven efficacious interventions for long-term treatment of pica? No, there are no proven efficacious interventions for long-term treatment.
What is ARFID? Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.
Is there limited literature about treatment for ARFID? Yes, there is limited literature about treatment.
Is there a specific medication indicated for use in ARFID? No, there is no specific medication indicated for use in ARFID.
What has demonstrated effectiveness in treating ARFID? Family-based therapy adapted specifically for clients with ARFID.
What is gender dysphoria? Clinically significant discomfort from misalignment of gender identity and assigned sex.
When do symptoms of gender dysphoria typically begin? Often in childhood, but can also start during puberty or later.
How do diagnostic criteria for gender dysphoria differ for children and adolescents/adults? Criteria differ based on age group.
What is required for a diagnosis of gender dysphoria? Significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning.
Do all transgender individuals experience gender dysphoria? No, not all transgender individuals experience gender dysphoria.
Do symptoms of gender dysphoria persist throughout a person’s life? Symptoms may wax and wane over the lifespan.
Why is a diagnosis of gender dysphoria typically required for gender-affirming care? To receive gender-affirming care, including hormone therapy or surgical interventions.
What are some adverse outcomes that clients with gender dysphoria may be at risk for? Physical, emotional, and environmental consequences.
Why is visibility important for transgender individuals? More visibility leads to more understanding.
What percentage of trans students feel unsafe at school due to their gender expression? 80%
What percentage of gender non-conforming students have experienced verbal harassment in the past year? 58.7%
What percentage of trans people reported physical abuse in a 2007 survey? 49%
What percentage of trans people have been raped or assaulted by a romantic partner? 50% according to the Gender, Violence, and Resource Access Survey.
How does the risk of physical violence with the police differ for trans people of color compared to white cisgender survivors of violence? Trans people of color are six times more likely to experience physical violence.
What percentage of trans people have attempted suicide? 41%
What percentage of transgender people have experienced homelessness? One in five.
What percentage of transgender people have been evicted due to being transgender? One in eight.
What is the recommended approach for treating clients with gender dysphoria? Highly individualized treatment.
What is essential in a supportive care environment for clients with gender dysphoria? Allowing for the exploration of gender identity and expression.
What is social affirmation in the context of transgender individuals? Pronouns and gender expression (hairstyles, clothing).
What is legal affirmation in the context of transgender individuals? Legally changing name and gender on identification.
What is medical affirmation in the context of transgender individuals? Pubertal suppression and gender-affirming hormone supplementation.
What is surgical affirmation in the context of transgender individuals? Mastectomy or breast augmentation (‘top’ surgery), genital gender confirmation surgery (‘bottom’ surgery).
What is the role of gender-affirming psychotherapy for transgender clients? Assisting in the coming out process and navigating new roles within the family environment.
How does a supportive family impact a transgender client’s resilience? Increases resilience for the client.
How can coaching assist a transgender client’s family during the gender transition? By using gender-affirming behaviors and attuning to the client’s expressed gender.
Who may benefit from individual therapy during a transgender client’s gender transition? Parents or siblings.
What may even supportive family members need to explore during a transgender client’s gender transition? Their feelings about the transition in a caring and empathetic environment.
What can cause significant distress for a transgender client during the coming out process? A family that is resistant or discriminative.
What is the purpose of gender-affirming psychotherapy for transgender clients? To assist in navigating new roles within the family environment.
What is the acronym LGBTQ+ stand for? Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning+
Why might LGBTQ+ youth have a difficult time coming out? Due to potential lack of acceptance and visibility in media
What do LGBTQ+ clients require in terms of support? Support to gain a comfortable sense of self and their own sexual and gender identity
Who might LGBTQ+ clients share information about their sexuality or gender identity with? Providers
What must be maintained when LGBTQ+ clients disclose information about their sexuality or gender identity? Confidentiality
Why can the topic of confidentiality for adolescents seeking general health care be controversial? Parents may perceive it as conflicting with their rights
What are some potential risks faced by LGBTQ+ individuals? Trauma, suicide, homelessness, inadequate mental health care
What steps can help eliminate healthcare disparities for the LGBTQ+ community? Provider awareness, recognizing personal biases, community outreach
What should the office or clinic establish in terms of non-discrimination? A policy that includes sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression
What is an open office environment? An office layout that promotes collaboration and inclusivity.
How can providers create an open office environment? By using inclusive language, including chosen and legal names, and providing gender-neutral spaces.
What should be included on assessment forms? Both the individual’s chosen name and legal name.
What should be included on assessment forms for gender? A blank space to allow individuals to self-identify.
What should be included in electronic medical records and paper forms? Spaces that allow clients to identify appropriately.
How can providers accommodate pediatric clients? By using boxes for ‘Parent 1 and Parent 2’ instead of ‘mother’ and ‘father’.
What type of educational materials should be provided? Materials with health information relevant to LGBTQ+ clients.
What type of training should providers and staff engage in? Training on LGBTQ+ inclusivity and cultural competence.
What is substance use? Recurrent use of alcohol or drugs.
When does substance use often begin? Adolescence.
What is the significance of adolescence in brain development? Much of brain development occurs in adolescence.
What is executive functioning? Higher-level cognitive processes such as decision-making and impulse control.
When does executive functioning and impulse control tend to occur? Late adolescence into early adulthood.
Why are adolescents vulnerable to substance use? Due to the delayed development of executive functioning and impulse control.
What is the prevalence of illicit substance use among adolescents in the U.S.? Nearly half will have tried an illicit substance, while over 80% will have used alcohol.
What are the most frequently used substances by adolescents? Alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco.
What is the annual prevalence of alcohol use among grades 8, 10, and 12 combined? 38.3%
What is the annual prevalence of marijuana use among grades 8, 10, and 12 combined? 24.6%
What is the annual prevalence of vaping or smoking cigarettes among grades 8, 10, and 12 combined? 27.1%
What is the annual prevalence of illicit drug use other than marijuana among grades 8, 10, and 12 combined? 9.2%
What are SUDs? Substance use disorders characterized by clinically significant impairment.
What are the consequences of substance use in adolescents? Negative social and health consequences, impaired brain development, and increased risky behaviors.
What are the risk factors for the development of SUDs and other mental health conditions? Early drug use.
What are comorbidities? Co-occurring mental health conditions with substance use disorders.
What are some common mental health conditions that are comorbid with substance use disorders? Anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, psychotic illness, borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder
What percentage of adolescents in substance use disorder treatment programs meet the diagnostic criteria for another mental health condition? Up to 60%
How do mental health comorbidities impact the course, prognosis, and treatment of substance use disorders? They impact the course, prognosis, and treatment of both the substance use disorder and the comorbid condition
Why do clients sometimes use substances to self-medicate? To self-medicate for distressing symptoms of other conditions
What age group of clients often require coordinated support to transition to adulthood when they have comorbid conditions? Clients between the ages of 18 to 25 years
What is the increased risk for developing a substance use disorder for individuals with untreated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? They are at particular risk for developing a substance use disorder
What are some common substances that adolescents experiment with? Alcohol, tobacco, marijuana
Why do adolescents commonly explore substances with members of their peer group? When seeking to establish their identity and independence, which is consistent with Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
What approach does the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend for screening adolescents for substance use during routine healthcare visits? Substance Use Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral (SBIRT) approach
What is one commonly used SBIRT tool for screening adolescents for substance use? The CRAFFT screening tool
What is the purpose of drug testing in the context of substance use disorders? To detect the presence of drugs in an individual’s system
What are the best practices for drug testing according to the AAP? Emergency, voluntary basis, therapy/monitoring, not for screening.
What is the CRAFFT tool used for? Assessing substance use problems in adolescents.
What does the ‘C’ in CRAFFT stand for? Riding in a car with someone who is high or using substances.
What does the ‘R’ in CRAFFT stand for? Using substances to relax, fit in, or feel better.
What does the ‘A’ in CRAFFT stand for? Using substances while alone.
What does the first ‘F’ in CRAFFT stand for? Forgetting things done while using substances.
What does the second ‘F’ in CRAFFT stand for? Family or friends telling you to cut down on substance use.
What does the ‘T’ in CRAFFT stand for? Getting into trouble while using substances.
How many ‘yes’ answers on the CRAFFT tool suggest a significant problem? Two or more.
What are some examples of biological tests used to determine substance use? Blood tests, urine tests.
Why can the use of biological tests as screening tools be controversial? Practical and ethical reasons.
When is it appropriate to use drug testing on adolescents? Emergencies, voluntary basis, therapy/monitoring, substance use disorder.
What does the AAP caution against regarding drug testing on adolescents? Involuntary testing on mentally competent adolescents.
Can parents request drug testing for their child? Yes, but caution is advised.
What year did the AAP identify best practices for drug testing? 2014.
What are the most prevalent interventions for adolescent clients with substance use disorders? Behavioral treatments
What are some common types of therapy for adolescent clients with substance use disorders? Cognitive behavioral therapy, group therapy, contingency management, motivational interviewing
What are some additional programs that adolescents may benefit from? 12-step programs, peer-to-peer programs
When is residential treatment indicated for adolescent clients? When stabilization is required, when there is a danger to themselves or their families, or when there is a public safety risk
What should a residential treatment program offer for adolescent clients? A distinct adolescent treatment program separate from adult programming
How does family involvement differ in the treatment of substance use disorder in adolescents compared to adults? Family involvement is often integral in the treatment of adolescents
What type of therapy may be an alternative to residential treatment for adolescents with substance use and co-occurring mental health disorders? Multidimensional Family Therapy
Is medication-assisted treatment commonly used with adolescent clients? Less likely to be used with adolescent clients