Exam 1: NR228 / NR 228 (Latest Update 2024/2025) Nutrition, Health & Wellness: |Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct -Chamberlain

Exam 1: NR228 / NR 228 (Latest Update 2024/2025) Nutrition, Health & Wellness: |Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct -Chamberlain

Exam 1: NR228 / NR 228 (Latest Update
2024/2025) Nutrition, Health & Wellness:
|Complete Guide with Questions and Verified
Answers| 100% Correct -Chamberlain
Q: Functions of Essential Nutrients in the BodyAnswer:
Providing energy
Regulating body processes
Aiding growth and repair of body tissues
Q: Kcal value- Protein–
Answer:
4
Q: Kcal value- Carbs
Answer:
4
Q: Kcalvalue- Lipids(fats)
Answer:
9
Q: Kcal Value- Alcohol

Answer:
7
Q: CarbohydratesAnswer:
organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxy- gen in the form of simple
carbohydrates or sugars
Source of energy, sweetness, and dietary fiber
———————————————— Major source of energy and dietary fiber
Simple carbohydrates found in fruits, milk, and sweeteners
Complex carbohydrates found in cereals, grains, fruits, and vegetables
All except dietary fiber broken down to units of glucose
Glucose: most efficient form of energy for body
Q: food source of carbsAnswer:
Primarily from plants
•Divided into two categories
•Simple carbohydrates
•Complex carbohydrates
•Three sizes:
•Monosaccharides (Simple)
•Disaccharides (Simple)
•Polysaccharides (Complex)
Q: Monosaccharides
Answer:
Single carbohydrate units. Examples are glucose, fructose and galactose
Q: Disaccharides
Answer:

Two single carbohydrates bound together. Examples are Su- crose, maltose, and lactose
Q: Polysaccharides
Answer:
Many units of monosaccharides joined together. Starch, Fiber and glycogen
Q: carb function in bodyAnswer:
Provides energy •Dietary fiber•Naturally occurring sweeteners (sucrose and fructose) •Brain and
nerve tissues require CHO (glucose) as fuel.•Protein-sparing effect
Q: Carbs- digestion
Answer:
Digestive process begins in mouth: Amylase•Breakdown to monosaccharides•Mechanical
digestion•Chemical digestion function of enzymes
Q: Carbs-absorption
Answer:
Active transport process of glucose
•Liver conversion of fructose and galactose to glucose lactose intolerant
Q: carbs-metabolism
Answer:
Blood glucose: source of energy to all cells Metabolism: primarily maintenance of blood
glucose homeostasis at 70 to 100 mg/dL
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Carbohydrates
•Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the form of simple carbohydrates or sugars
•Source of energy, sweetness, and dietary fiber

Starch
•Storage form of plant carbohydrate
•Food sources: grains, legumes, root vegetables (potatoes)
•Majority of starch breakdown occurs in the small intestine.

Monosaccharides
The smallest unit of carbohydrates

Disaccharides
Carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharides

Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates composed of many monosaccharides

Complex carbohydrates
Polysaccharides composed of many units of monosaccharides held together by different kinds of chemical bonds

Carbohydrate as a Nutrient
Carbohydrates provide energy, dietary fiber, and sweeteners

Protein-sparing effect
Carbohydrates help spare protein in the body

Digestion
The process of breaking down carbohydrates

Absorption
The process of taking in glucose into the body

Glycogen
The storage form of carbohydrates in liver and muscles

Metabolism
The process of converting carbohydrates into energy

Blood Glucose Regulation
Hormonal system that controls blood glucose levels

Insulin
Pancreatic hormone that regulates blood glucose uptake

Glucagon
Pancreatic hormone that releases glycogen from liver

Somatostatin
Pancreatic and hypothalamus hormone that inhibits insulin and glucagon

Glycemic Index
Level to which food raises blood glucose levels in comparison with reference food; highest ranking is 100

Glycemic Load
Total glycemic index of a mixed meal or dietary plan

Simple Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates composed of monosaccharides and disaccharides

Glucose – Monosaccharide or Disaccharide?
A type of monosaccharide

Fructose – Monosaccharide or Disaccharide?
A type of monosaccharide

Galactose – Monosaccharide or Disaccharide?
A type of monosaccharide

Sucrose – Monosaccharide or Disaccharide?
A disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose

Maltose – Monosaccharide or Disaccharide?
A disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules

Lactose – Monosaccharide or Disaccharide?
A disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose

Sugar alcohols
Alternative sweeteners such as sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol

Alternative sweeteners
Artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose

Starch
A storage form of plant carbohydrate found in grains, legumes, and root vegetables

Fiber
A type of carbohydrate that cannot be digested by humans

Soluble fiber
A type of fiber that dissolves in water

Insoluble fiber
A type of fiber that does not dissolve in water

Health effects
The impact of fiber on obesity, constipation, diverticular disease, colon cancer, heart disease, and diabetes control

What is the dietary reference intake (DRI) for carbohydrates?
130 g/day for adults between 19 and 30 years of age.

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates
45% to 65% of kcal intake per day as primarily complex carbohydrates.

Glycogenesis
Process of converting glucose to glycogen