Agile Exam
1) As a tester what should be your approach when requirements change continuously?
When requirement keeps changing, continuously agile tester should take following approach
To understand the scope of change, work closely with the product owners or business analyst
2) List out the pros and cons of exploratory testing (used in Agile) and scripted testing?
Exploratory Testing-Pros It requires less preparation- Easy to modify when requirement changes-
Works well when documentation is scarce-
Cons Presenting progress and Coverage to project management is difficult
Scripted Testing- Pros- In case testing against legal or regulatory requirements it is very useful-
Cons- Test preparation is usually time-consuming- Same steps are tested over and again- When requirement changes it is difficult to modify
3) Explain the difference between Extreme programming and Scrum?
Scrum- Scrum teams usually have to work in iterations called sprints which usually last up to two weeks to one month long-
XP team works in iteration that last for one or two weeks- Scrum teams do not allow change into their sprints-
XP teams are more flexible and change their iterations- In scrum, the product owner prioritizes the product backlog but the team decides the sequence in which they will develop the backlog items-
XP team work in strict priority order, features developed are prioritized by the customer-
Scrum does not prescribe any engineering practices- XP does prescribe engineering practices
4) What is an epic, user stories and task?
Epic: A customer described software feature that is itemized in the product backlog is known as epic. Epics are sub-divided into stories
User Stories: From the client perspective user stories are prepared which defines project or business functions, and it is delivered in a particular sprint as expected.
Task: Further down user stories are broken down into different task
5) Explain what is re-factoring?
To improve the performance, the existing code is modified; this is re-factoring. During re-factoring the code functionality remains same
6) Explain how you can measure the velocity of the sprint with varying team capacity?
When planning a sprint usually, the velocity of the sprint is measured on the basis of professional judgement based on historical data. However, the mathematical formula used to measure the velocity of the sprint are,
first – completed story points X team capacity: If you measure capacity as a percentage of a 40 hours weeks
Second – completed story points / team capacity: If you measure capacity in man-hours
For our scenario second method is applicable.
7) Mention the key difference between sprint backlog and product backlog?
Product backlog: It contains a list of all desired features and is owned by the product owner.
Sprint backlog: It is a subset of the product backlog owned by development team and commits to deliver it in a sprint. It is created in Sprint Planning Meeting
8) In Agile mention what is the difference between the Incremental and Iterative development?
Iterative: Iterative method is a continuous process of software development where the software development cycles are repeated (Sprint & Releases) till the final product is achieved.
Release 1: Sprint 1, 2… n
Release n: Sprint 1, 2….n
Incremental: Incremental development segregates the system functionality into increments or portions. In each increment, each segment of functionality is delivered through cross-discipline work, from the requirements to the deployment.
9) Explain what is Spike and Zero sprint in Agile? What is the purpose of it?
Sprint Zero: It is introduced to perform some research before initiating the first sprint. Usually this sprint is used during the start of the project for activities like setting development environment, preparing product backlog and so on.
Spikes: Spikes are type of stories that are used for activities like research, exploration, design and even prototyping. In between sprints, you can take spikes for the work related to any technical or design issue. Spikes are of two types Technical Spikes and Functional Spikes.
10) What is test driven development?
Test driven development or TDD is also known as test-driven design. In this method, developer first writes an automated test case which describes new function or improvement and then creates small codes to pass that test, and later re-factors the new code to meet the acceptable standards.
11) Prototypes and Wireframes are widely used as part of?
Prototypes and Wireframes are prototypes that are widely used as part of Empirical Design.
12) Explain what is Application Binary Interface?
Across different system platforms and environments a specification defining requirements for portability of applications in binary form is known as Application Binary Interface.
13) Explain in Agile, burn-up and burn-down chart?
To track the project progress burnup and burn down, charts are used.
Burnup Chart: It shows the progress of stories done over time.
Burndown Chart: It shows how much work was left to do overtime.
14) Explain what is Scrum ban?
Scrum ban is a software development model based on Scrum and Kanban. It is specially designed for project that requires frequent maintenance, having unexpected user stories and programming errors. Using these approach, the team’s workflow is guided in a way that allows minimum completion time for each user story or programming error.
15) What is story points/efforts/ scales?
It is used to discuss the difficulty of the story without assigning actual hours. The most common scale used is a Fibonacci sequence ( 1,2,3,5,8,13,….100) although some teams use linear scale (1,2,3,4….), Powers of 2 (1,2,4,8……) and cloth size (XS, S ,M,L, XL).
16) Explain what is tracer bullet?
The tracer bullet is a spike with the current architecture, the current set of best practices, current technology set which results in production quality code. It is not a throw away code but might just be a narrow implementation of the functionality.
17) What is a test stub?
A test stub is a small code that replaces an undeveloped or fully developed component within a system being tested. Test stub is designed in such a way that it mimics the actual component by generating specifically known outputs and substitute the actual component.
18) What are the differences between RUP (Rational Unified Process) and Scrum methodologies?
RUP- Formal Cycle is defined across four phases, but some workflows can be concurrent-
SCRUMEach sprint is a complete cycle-
RUP- Formal project plan, associated with multiple iterations is used.-
SCRUM- No end to end project plan. Each next iteration plan is determined at the end of the current iteration-
RUP- Scope is predefined ahead of the project start and documented in the scope document. During the project, scope can be revised.-
SCRUM- It uses a project backlog instead of scope scrum- RUP-Artifacts include Scope Document, formal functional requirements package, system architecture document, development plan, test scripts, etc.-
SCRUM-Operational software is the only formal artifacts- -RUP- Recommended for long term, large, enterprise level projects with medium to high complexity
SCRUM– Recommended for quick enhancements and organization that are not dependent on a deadline
19) Why Continuous Integration is important for Agile?
Continuous Integration is important for Agile for following reasons.
It helps to maintain release schedule on time by detecting bugs or integration errors
Due to frequent agile code delivery usually every sprint of 2-3 weeks, stable quality of build is a must and continuous integration ensures that
In helps to maintain the quality and bug free state of code-base
Continuous integration helps to check the impact of work on branches to the main trunk if development work is going on branches using automatic building and merging function
20) What testing is done during Agile?
The primary testing activities during Agile is automated unit testing and exploratory testing.
Though, depending on project requirements, a tester may execute Functional and Non-functional tests on the Application Under Test (AUT).
Agile Testing Interview Questions for Experienced
21) Explain what is Velocity in Agile?
Velocity is a metric that is calculated by addition of all efforts estimates related with user stories completed in an iteration. It figures out how much work Agile can complete in a sprint and how much time will it need to finish a project.
22) What are the qualities of a good Agile tester should have?
A good Agile tester should have following qualities
It should be able to understand the requirements quickly
Agile tester should know Agile principals and concepts well
As requirements keep changing, tester should understand the risk involve in it
Based on the requirements Agile tester should be able to prioritize the work
Continue communication between business associates, developers and tester is must
23) Who are all involved in the Agile team?
In agile the two main leads are
Scrum Masters: It coordinates most of the inputs and outputs required for an agile program
Development Managers: They hire right people and develop them with the team
24) Mention in detail what are the role’s of Scrum Master?
Scrum Master key responsibilities involves
Understand the requirements and turn them into working software
Monitoring and Tracking
Reporting and Communication
Process Check Master
Quality Master
Resolve Impediments
Resolve Conflicts
Shield the team and performance feedback
Lead all the meetings and resolve obstacles
25) Mention what are the Agile quality strategies?
Agile quality strategies are
Re-factoring
Non-solo development
Static and dynamic code analysis
Reviews and Inspection
Iteration/sprint demos
All hands demo
Light weight milestone reviews
Short feedback cycles
Standards and guidelines
26) Mention what are the Tools that can be useful for screenshots while working on Agile projects?
While working on Agile projects you can use tools like
BugDigger
BugShooting
qTrace
Snagit
Bonfire
Usersnap
27) Mention what are the advantages of maintaining consistent iteration length throughout the project?
The advantages are
It helps team to objectively measure progress
It provides a consistent means of measuring team velocity
It helps to establish a consistent pattern of delivery
28) If a timebox plan needs to be reprioritized who should re-prioritise it?
If a timebox plan needs to be reprioritized it should include whole team, product owner, and developers.
29) Mention what should a burndown chart should highlight?
The burn-down chart shows the remaining work to complete before the timebox (iteration) ends.
30) Mention what is the difference between Scrum and Agile?
Scrum: In the scrum, a sprint is a basic unit of development. Each sprint is followed by a planning meeting, where the tasks for the sprint are identified and estimated. During each sprint, the team creates finished portion of a product
Agile: In Agile, each iteration involves a team working through a full software development cycle, including planning, design, coding, requirement analysis, unit testing, and acceptance testing when a product is demonstrated to stakeholders
In simple words, Agile is the practice and scrum is the process to following this practice.
31) Mention what are the challenges involved in AGILE software development?
Challenges involved in Agile Software development includes
It requires more testing and customers involvement
It impacts management more than developers
Each feature needs to be completed before moving on to the next
All the code has to work fine to ensure application is in working state
More planning is required
32) When not to use Agile?
Before using Agile methodology, you must ask following questions
Is functionality split-able
Is customer available
Are requirements flexible
Is it really time constrained
Is team skilled enough
33) Explain how can you implement scrum in an easy way to your project?
These are the tips which can be helpful to implement scrum in your project.
Get your backlog in order
Get an idea of the size of your product backlog items
Clarify sprint requirement and duration to complete the sprint backlog
Calculate the team sprint budget and then break requirements into tasks
Collaborate workspace- a center of all team discussion, which includes plans, roadmaps, key dates, sketches of functionality, issues, log, status reports, etc.
Sprint- Make sure you complete one feature at a time before moving on to the next. A sprint should not be abort unless if there is no other option
Attend a daily stand-up meeting: In meeting you need to mention, what have been achieved since the last meeting, what will they achieve before the next meeting and is anything holding up their progress
Use burndown chart to track daily progress. From the burndown chart, you can estimate whether you are on track, or you are running behind
Complete each features well before moving on to the next
At the end of the sprint- hold a sprint review meeting, mention what is achieved or delivered in the sprint.
34) Explain what does it mean by product roadmap?
A product roadmap is referred for the holistic view of product features that create the product vision.
These interview questions will also help in your viva(orals)
1) What is Agile methodology?
Agile methodology is an approach to product development that involves separating the project into tiny parts. The agile team collaborates with the stakeholders and clients for improvement in every development stage.
It consists of planning, execution, and evaluation. In this method, the team releases small parts of the project, making every release more advanced than the previous one.
2) What is the key difference between an Agile and Scrum method?
Here is the distinction between Agile and Scrum:
Agile:
Agile method is used for managing a project.
Agile is a complete continuous process for developing and improving a product.
Scrum:
It is a precise technique that describes an agile methodology. You can term Agile as a practice and Scrum as a procedure.
This methodology is delivered after every development sprint.
3) What is the difference between an Agile and a traditional waterfall process?
Agile and Waterfall are both project management methodologies used for software development phases.
Agile methodology
In Agile, the team can simultaneously work on different phases
.Traditional waterfall process- The team needs to complete each phase before working on the next.
Agile is influenced by customer feedback and uses team collaboration.
Waterfall doesn’t take user feedback and external collaboration mid-process.
4) What is the difference between burn-up and burndown charts?
Burn-up and Burn-down charts are used to track the process of developing a project, and they use the same axis. However, these are the differences between these two charts.
Burn-up chart:The burn-up chart shows the amount of completed work along with the total.
In this chart, the line goes from bottom to upwards.
Burndown chart:
The burndown lets you view the remaining job that needs to be done.
In the burndown chart, the line moves towards the bottom from the top as the team progresses in project development.
5) Define the roles in Scrum?
Defining the roles of Scrum is a common part of agile Scrum interview questions. There are three roles in Scrum:
Product owner: The product owner understands customer demands. Thus, they determine the product’s features and lists them priority-wise. Moreover, they have a vision for the entire team and for increasing the ROI.
Scrum master: The scrum master leads the project and scrum team. It helps them adopt agile methodologies. They assist the product owner to understand the features and the process.
Scrum team: This team works as per the scrum master’s guidance and delivers the requirements of the stakeholders.
6) What is the right moment for using the agile model?
Here are the places where you can utilize the Agile model:
Work category allocation: It provides complete transparency over where you invest your time and shows task priority in order.
Defect removal awareness: This helps in producing quality products by the active members.
Sprint burn down matric: When you need to track the completion of work using sprint.
Cumulative flow diagram: This is a uniform workflow checked where the x-axis shows time, and the y-axis represents the amount of effort.
Time coverage: The duration is measured using the proportion of the number of lines of code which is termed by the test suite using the number of relative lines of code.
Business value delivered: This is about the productivity of the team, and it has 100 points for every project.
Defect resolution time: It is regarding the process where the team identifies and fixes bugs.
7) What is Product Backlog & Sprint Backlog?
The difference between these two backlogs is that Product Backlog consists of all the requirements and modules of a product. It gives you information about the tasks that must be completed. Additionally, it includes the whole procedure needed to carry out these activities to reach the goal.
On the other hand, Sprint Backlog is a sub-division of Product Backlog. It is a detailed requirement and feature of a specific sprint.
The application owner owns the product backlog, while the Sprint backlog is owned by the sprint team.
8) How to deal with Score Creep?
Score creep means an uncontrolled change added without verifying its cost, time, and impact on the scope.
To deal with the score creep, you can follow these steps:
Step 1) Daily monitoring of the work closely.
Step 2) Aligning the vision of the team with proper communication.
Step 3) Regularly review the project requirements VS what was delivered.
Step 4) Avoid adding extra features that weren’t in the original scope.
Step 5) Make sure all the changes pass through change control and are implemented only after approval.
Download the full exam pdf here https://learnexams.com/search/study?query=
For reference https://www.pmi.org/certifications/agile-acp