NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024

NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM

Under what circumstances do cells in the kidneys secrete renin?

1. Serum osmotic pressure increases.
2. Serum potassium levels are high
3. The urine pH decreases.
4. Blood flow in the afferent arteriole decreases. – ANSWER- 4. blood
   flow in the afferent arteriole decreases
   At change-of-shift report, the nurse learns the medical diagnoses for four
   patients. Which patient should the nurse assess MOST carefully for
   development of hyponatremia?
   Select one:
5. Vomiting all day and not replacing any fluid
6. Tumor that secretes excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
7. Tumor that secretes excessive aldosterone
8. Tumor that destroyed the posterior pituitary gland – ANSWER- 2.
   tumour that secretes excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
   Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include:
   Select one:

1. Increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2. Decreased aldosterone.
3. Slow, strong heart contraction
4. Peripheral vasodilation. – ANSWER- 1. increased antidiuretic
   hormone
   Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?
   Select one:
5. Increased osmotic pressure
6. Increased hydrostatic pressure
7. Decreased osmotic pressure
8. Decreased hydrostatic pressure – ANSWER- 3. decreased osmotic
   pressure
   Which substance directly controls the reabsorption of water from the
   collecting ducts?
   Select one:
9. Renin
10. Aldosterone
11. Angiotensin
12. Antidiuretic hormone – ANSWER- 4. antidiuretic hormone
    When a patient is receiving diuretic therapy, what best reflects the
    patient’s fluid volume status?

Select one:

1. Blood pressure and pulse
2. Intake, output, and daily weight
3. Abdominal girth and calf circumference
4. Serum potassium and sodium levels – ANSWER- 2. Intake, Output
   and Daily Weight
   When is the best time for a patient to receive antidiuretics to reduce the
   amount of disruption of their daily routine? – ANSWER- In the morning
   Fatigue is characterized by what 3 things? – ANSWER- 1. perception of
   generalized weakness
5. mental fatigue
6. decreased ability to complete activities
   Fatigue is classified as a health problem if it persists for…
   a. 1+ week
   b. 2+ weeks
   c. 3+ weeks
   d. one month+ – ANSWER- b. 2 weeks
   There are 3 kinds of fatigue classifications. What are they? – ANSWER1. Unknown etiology
7. Physiological (due to an imbalance in sleep, nutrition and activity)

3. Secondary (due to an underlying health condition)
   Fatigue is classified as chronic if it persists for… – ANSWER- 6+
   months
   What are some physiological causes of fatigue (not related to health
   conditions, but physiological processes themselves) – ANSWER- 1.
   buildup of metabolic waste/waste products in the body
4. inflammatory process
5. an insufficient supply of nutrients needed for functioning
   Which fatigue is resistant to treatment: temporary or chronic? –
   ANSWER- Chronic
   What populations are at the highest risk for fatigue? – ANSWERWomen, older adults, and middle-aged adults
   2/3 of all chronic fatigue is related to which of the following (choose all
   that apply):
   a. seasonal affective disorder
   b. an underlying medical/psychiatric disorder
   c. medication side effects
   d. isolation/loneliness – ANSWER- b. 2/3 of all chronic fatigue is related
   to either the side effects of medications or an underlying diagnosis
   (secondary fatigue)

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