2024 HESI Peds Cardiovascular Disorders V1 – V3 | Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%

2024 HESI Peds Cardiovascular Disorders V1 – V3 | Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%

Answer:
2024 HESI Exam Cardiovascular Disorders
Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%

1. Endocarditis:
   Answer:
   An infection of the heart’s inner lining, usually involving the heart valves.
2. Heart failure:
   Answer:
   a condition that occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the
   body’s needs
3. Murmur:
   Answer:
   Abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves
4. Bradycardia:
   Answer:
   Abnormally slow heart beat
5. Tachycardia:
   Answer:
   Abnormally rapid heart beat
6. Heart block:
   Answer:
   interference with normal conduction of electrical impulses that control activity of
   the heart muscle
7. Fibrillation:
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2024 HESI Pediatric Cardiovascular Disorders
Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%

1. The nurse is providing information to the parents of a toddler who is
   scheduled for surgery for the replacement of the pulmonic valve. The parents
   have many questions about the function of the valve. Which information from
   the nurse is correct?
2. The valve must work correctly to get oxygen from the lungs to the body.
3. If the valve does not work correctly, blood is kept from entering the heart.
4. When the valve is defective, the blood leaving the heart is decreased.
5. A defect in the valve causes less blood to get to the lungs for oxygenation.-м:
   Answer:
   4 This is correct. When there is a defect in the right pulmonic valve, the blood
   has difficulty leaving the right ventricle and getting to the lungs for reoxygenation.
   This explanation by the nurse correctly describes the function of the valve and the
   purpose of the surgery.
   1 This is incorrect. The aortic valve must work correctly for oxygenated blood to
   be carried from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body.
   2 This is incorrect. Blood must enter the right side of the heart from the body in
   order to be reoxygenated. The unoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through
   the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
   3 This is incorrect. A defect in the aortic valve would cause problems with
   oxygenated blood leaving the left ventricle.
6. The nurse is teaching a pediatric electrocardiogram (EKG) class to nurses
   in a pediatric cardiac unit. Which anatomical structure does the nurse use to
   describe the initiation of cardiac electrical conduction?
7. The Purkinje fibers in the ventricles
8. The bundle branch in the left atrium
9. The sinoatrial node in the right atrium
10. The bundle of His in the ventricle walls:
    Answer:
    ANS 3
    4 This is incorrect. From the SA, the electrical impulse is conducted to the fibers
    called the bundle of His located in the walls of the ventricles. The process of
    electrical conduction does not start here.
    1 This is incorrect. The Purkinje fibers are located in the ventricles; however, the
    process of electrical conduction does not start here. The fibers initiate contractions
    of the ventricles.
    2 This is incorrect. The bundle branches are divided into either left or right
    bundles; however, the process of electrical conduction does not start here.

3 This is correct. When teaching the electrical conduction of the heart, the nurse
starts with the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right ventricle, which is known as the
pacemaker of the heart.

3. The nurse is aware the neonate’s blood circulation is different before birth
   than after birth. Which circulation pattern does the nurse recognize as occurring
   prior to birth?
4. Oxygenated blood flows from the right atrium to the left atrium through the
   foramen ovale.
5. Oxygenated blood flows from the right ventricle to the lungs and then to the
   left ventricle.
6. For a short time after birth, the neonate continues to depend on the mother
   for oxygen supply.
7. Once the neonate takes a first breath, the ductus venosus closes and blood
   goes to the lungs.:
   Answer:
   ANS 1
   Feedback
   1 This is correct. Prior to birth, oxygenated blood crosses from the right atrium to
   the left atrium via the patent foramen ovale (PFO) and is pumped by the left
   ventricle.
   2 This is incorrect. Prior to birth, oxygenated blood does not flow from the right
   ventricle to the lungs and then to the left ventricle.
   3 This is incorrect. Before birth, 90% of blood bypasses the lungs; the placenta is
   the organ of respiration. After the cord is cut and the placenta is delivered, the
   infant is expected to independently breathe.
   4 This is incorrect. Upon birth and first breath, the foramen ovale and ductus
   arteriosus close.
8. The nurse is providing care for a neonate diagnosed with a cardiovascular
   disorder immediately after birth. When gathering assessment information
   from the mother, which comment will the nurse recognize as the most likely
   contributing factor for the defect?
9. “We live in the country, and we get all our water from a well.”
10. “I quit my preschool job when a child was diagnosed with measles.”
11. “The baby was born a week early; I hope that is not the cause.”
12. “We were in a European country before pregnancy was confirmed.”:
    Answer:
    ANS 2
    2 This is correct. The nurse is most likely to contribute exposure to a child with
    measles as a causative factor for the neonate’s heart defect. The nurse will assess

further for timelines and manifestations.
1 This is incorrect. Using a well as a water source does not necessarily place a
neonate at risk for developing a heart defect.
3 This is incorrect. The mother’s concern about the neonate being born a week
early is not recognized as a contributing factor to the neonate’s heart defect.
4 This is incorrect. Traveling to a foreign country during the first trimester may or
may not effect fetal development. The nurse needs additional information before
making a connection between the travel and heart defect.

5. 5. The nurse is assisting with high school sports physicals. The nurse
   performs a physical assessment on a male student who is tall and thin, with
   disproportionately long arms. Which additional finding will prompt the nurse
   to recommend a cardiac evaluation?
6. Notable laxity of joints
7. Sparsity of body hair
8. Deep tone to the voice
9. Slow, rhythmic gait:
   Answer:
   ANS 1
   1 This is correct. Tall and thin with arms disproportionately long and with laxity of
   joints are physical manifestations of Marfan syndrome. The nurse may also notice
   dislocation of lenses, spinal problems, stretch marks, hernia, pectus abnormalities,
   and/or restrictive lung disease. Marfan syndrome is also associated with aortic
   aneurism as well as aortic and/or mitral regurgitation.
   2 This is incorrect. A sparsity of body hair is not an indication of cardiac issues;
   male high school students may not exhibit heavy body hair.
   3 This is incorrect. A male high school student is expected to have a deep tone to
   his voice.
   4 This is incorrect. A slow, rhythmic gait may be unique to this student; however,
   it does not support the presence of Marfan syndrome.
10. The nurse is providing care for a 12-year-old patient who is hospitalized with
    generalized weakness and muscle wasting, which began in the hips, pelvic
    area, thighs, and shoulders. The physician suspects Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
    Which action by the physician does the nurse expect?
11. Prescribe physical therapy to improve muscle strength.
12. Suggest homeschooling until the acute stage ends.
13. Perform an echocardiogram to evaluate cardiac functioning.
14. Perform muscle biopsies to identify the stage of the disease.:
    Answer:
    ANS 3

3 This is correct. The physician is likely to order cardiac testing, especially to rule
out cardiomyopathy, a condition frequently associated with Duchenne muscular
dystrophy.
1 This is incorrect. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a progressive genetic disease.
Physical therapy is not prescribed to improve muscle strength; it is used to
maintain body function for as long as possible.
2 This is incorrect. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a progressive genetic disease.
The physician may recommend homeschooling when the patient is no longer able
to attend classes. There is no acute stage to this disease that will improve.
4 This is incorrect. The physician is more likely to prescribe neuromuscular tests to
determine the extent of the disease.

7. The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a 7-year-old child as a
   requirement
   for playing a sport at school. The nurse reports which assessment
   finding as abnormal and requests a follow-up from a primary care physician?
8. Systolic blood pressure is 84 mm Hg.
9. Systolic blood pressure is 90 mm Hg and diastolic is 20 mm Hg.
10. Pulse oximeter reading is 95% on room air.
11. PMI is at 4th or 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line.:
    Answer:
    ANS 2
    2 This is correct. Wide pulse pressures—diastolic pressures are low, with a wide
    gap between diastolic and systolic pressures—are indicative of such processes as
    patent ductus arteriosus.
    1 This is incorrect. Average systolic blood pressures are considered 70+ (2´ age in
    years). This would be 84.
    3 This is incorrect. Pulse oximeter readings of 95% of room air are considered
    normal.
    4 This is incorrect. The point of maximum impulse (PMI) is heard at the fourth or
    fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line (MCL).
12. The nurse is preparing an 8-year-old patient for a cardiac catheterization.
    Which intervention will the nurse initiate immediately postprocedure?
13. Observe for signs and symptoms of infection.
14. Hold food and fluids until gag reflex returns.
15. Keep the involved extremity straight for 4 to 6 hours.
16. Notify physician if green or yellow drainage is noted.:
    Answer:
    ANS: 3

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2024 HESI Peds Cardiovascular Disorders
Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%

1. Congenital heart disorders
   Heart anomalies that develop in UTERO and manifest at birth or shortly
   Thereafter -they may be categorized as:
   Answer:
   ACYANOTIC: ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), patent
   ductus arteriosus (PDA), coarctation of aorta, aortic stenosis (AS)
   or CYANOTIC: tetrology of fallot, truncus arteriosus, tranposition of great vessels:
   Acyantotic include: L to R shunts or INCREASED PULMONARY blood flow
   Obstructive defects Cyanotic include: R to L shunts or DECREASED pulmonary
   blood flow Mixed blood flow
2. ACYANOTIC HEART DEFECTS
   Ventricular septal defect (VSD; increased pulmonary blood flow)
   a. there is a HOLE between the ventricles
   b. oxygenated blood from LEFT ventricle is shunted to RIGHT ventricle and
   RECIRCULATED to the lungs
   c. small defects may close spontaneously
   d. large defects cause Eisenmenger syndrome or congestive heart failure
   and require surgical closures:
   Answer:
   Atrial septal defect (ASD; Increased pulmonary blood flow)
   a. there is a hole between the atria
   b. oxygenated blood from L atrium shunted to R atrium and lungs
   C. most defects do not compromise children seriously
   d. surgical closure is recommended BEFORE SCHOOL age. it can lead to
   significant
   problems, such as congestive HF or atrial dysrhythmias later in life if not corrected
3. ACYANOTIC HEART DEFECTS
   Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA: increased pulmonary blood flow)
   a. there is an abnormal opening between the aorta and the pulmonary artery
   b. it usually closes with 72 hrs after birth**
   c. if it remains patent, oxygenated blood from AORTA returns to the
   PULMONARYARTERY
   d. INCREASED blood flow to the lungs causes PULMONARY HTN
   e. it may require medical intervention with INDOMETHACIN (INDOCIN)
   administration or surgical closure:

Answer:
coarctation of aorta (OBSTRUCTION of blood flow from ventricles)
a. there is an obstructive NARROWING of the aorta
b. the most common sites are the aortic valve and the aorta near the ductus
arteriosus
c. a common finding is HTN IN UPPER EXTREMS and DECREASED or
ABSENT pulses in lower extrems
d. it may require surgical correction

4. Patent ductus arteriosus may require medical intervention with (2):
   Answer:
   indomethacin (indocin) administration or surgical closure
5. Common finding in coarctation of aorta:
   Answer:
   HTN in upper extremities and decreased or absent pulses in lower extremities
6. ACYANOTIC HEART DEFECTS
   aortic stenosis (AS; obstruction of blood flow FROM ventricles):
   Answer:
   a. it is an obstructive narrowing immediately before, at or after the AORTIC valve
   (mostcommonly valvular)
   b. oxygenated blood flow from L ventricle into systemic circulation diminished
   c. symptoms are caused by low CO
   d. may require surgical correction
7. Common finding in aortic stenosis
   Why?:
   Answer:
   oxygenated blood flow from L ventricle into systemic circulation diminished
   Symptoms caused by low CO
8. Traditional 3 Ts of CYANOTIC Heart defects
   tetrology of fallot is a combo of 4 defects:
9. VSD
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