HSC PDHPE Study Guide ( Full Course Notes ) ( Updated 2024 ) Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct

HSC PDHPE – Acronyms ( Updated 2024 )
Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct

Characteristics of a learner: Acronym
Answer: Every Puppy Has Abusive Characteristics
Anxiety and arousal: Acronym
Answer: STSO
Managing anxiety and arousal: Acronym
Answer: Relaxation makes concentrationgrow
Principles of training: Acronym
Answer: The principle said warm up and cool downrelaxes vagina
Physical preparation: Acronym
Answer: Pre-Screening Should Prevent Weakness
Sports Policy and Environment: Acronym
Answer: Rules make matches perfectly safe
Environmental considerations: Acronym
Answer: Touching Chris’ Flabby Anteater
Taping and Bandaging: Acronym
Answer: PII
Child athletes: Acronym
Answer: Martini on the rocks
Adult athletes: Acronym
Answer: Have bad flexibility
Female athletes: Acronym
Answer: Phil’s boner is erect
Rehab procedures: Acronym
Answer: People grind too hard
Return to play: Acronym
Answer: Indicators mean people should proceed ethically
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HSC PDHPE – Factors Affecting Performance ( Updated 2024 )
Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct

ATP/PC, lactic acid, aerobic
Answer: energy systems
ATP/PC source of fuel
Answer: phospho-creatines
ATP/PC efficiency of ATP production
Answer: fast rate of ATP, limited store of fuel, PCruns out quickly
ATP/PC duration
Answer: 8 seconds at max intensity, 12 seconds at low intensity
ATP/PC cause of fatigue
Answer: depletion of fuel
ATP/PC by-products
Answer: heat
ATP/PCrate ofrecovery
Answer: 2 minutes complete recovery, 30 seconds halfrecovery
ATP/PC examples
Answer: 100m sprint, discus, javelin, high jump
lactic acid source of fuel
Answer: carbohydrates
lactic acid efficiency of ATP production
Answer: fast, produces 2 ATP for each glucose molecule broken down
lactic acid duration
Answer: 30 seconds – 3 minutes depending on intensity
lactic acid cause of fatigue
Answer: build up of pyruvic acid in the muscle
lactic acid by-products
Answer: pyruvic acid
lactic acid rate of recovery
Answer: 30 – 60 minutes
lactic acid examples
Answer: 200m and 400m run, 50m and 100m swim
aerobic source of fuel
Answer: CHO, fats, protein
aerobic efficiency of ATP production
Answer: very efficient, produces 38 ATP molecules per glucose
aerobic duration
Answer: over an hour
aerobic cause of fatigue
Answer: does not need to stop, reduction in intensity will occurwhen CHO stores deplete
aerobic by-products
Answer: carbon dioxide and water
aerobic rate of recovery
Answer: 12 – 48 hours
aerobic examples
Answer: netball, soccer, rugby, triathlon
aerobic training
Answer: continuous, fartlek, aerobic interval, circuit
anaerobic training
Answer: anaerobic interval
flexibility training
Answer:static, ballistic, PNF, dynamic
strength training
Answer: free/fixed weights, elastic, hydraulic
aerobic continuous training
Answer: performing an activity at the same intensity for acertain duration
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HSC PDHPE – Improving Performance ( Updated 2024 )
Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct

The maximal force generated by a muscle group. It is determined by deter-mining 1RM and
lifting a percentage of it or calculating how much the athletecan lift for a set number of reps.
Answer: Strength
The maximum force that can be exerted in one single lift againstresistance.-
Answer: Maximum / absolute strength
The ability to exert force in a time period: the product of strength and speed: the capacity to
exert force repeatedly over an extended period of time.
Answer: Elasticstrength (power)
A force against an external load that remains constant throughout themovement i.e.
walking.
Answer: Isotonic muscular contractions
A force performed at a constant angle against i.e.ski sit
Answer: Isometric muscularcontractions
A force generated during at a per-set, fixed speed throughout the range ofmotion of the
joint i.e. dumb-bell curls.
Answer: Isokinetic muscular contractions
Resistance training, eg elastic, hydraulic, weight training, eg plates, dumb-bells or isometric
training.
Answer: Strength training
Achieved through the use of elastic bands or tubes that are tied to a stationary object or
held in one’s hand i.e. squats with the band between legs.Resistance depends on how far the
band isstretched.
Answer: Resistance training(elastic)
Utilities isokinetic contractions were the resistance varies to match the varying strength of
contraction asthe muscle changesin length -the theory isthat the fasterthe movement,greaterthe
resistance.Maximal gainsin strengthand endurance are developed at speeds slower than or
equal to those in training.Resistance responses to the force being exerted:simply pull or push
harder to increase resistance; it reduces soreness and prevents injury and issafe, simple and
effective to use.
Answer: Resistance training (hydraulic)
Resistance can be increased in the form of free weights or weightsstackedon a machine;
free or fixed weights – This type of training allows for isolationof muscle and allows

joints/limbs to move along the natural plane. Allows strength to be developed throughout the
full range of motion (both concentricand eccentric contraction).
Answer: Weight training

Chest: dumbbell press, biceps: bicep curl,triceps:triceps overhead extension, abdominals:
knee-raised crunches, side crunches , shoulder: shoulderpress, chin-up , back: lateral pulldown, quadriceps:squats, hamstrings: ham-string curls.
Answer: Weight training exampels
Exercise at 4-9 RM is best for strength, training at 1 RM for one set will result in no gains
after 6 weeks, a varying percentage of R, 3 sets for strength
gain, varying speed or frequency of exercise is best.
Answer: Progressive resistanceexercise – RM
Blitzing which involves working the same muscles with different exerciseat different
angles, forced repetition which is patterns that assist the weakestpoint, negative repetition
which is the use of eccentric isotonic contractions after a set or’up and down the rack’ which
involves using light to heavyweightsand back to light.
Answer: Overload techniques for weight training
Not ideal; it requires static contractions, making it unsuitable for activitiesinvolving
dynamic muscle actions i.e. ski sits.
Answer: Isometric training
1 RM test (is the best way to measure strength). An athlete lifts a weightonce only and
cannot lift it a second time.
Answer: Measurement of strength
Continuous, fartlek or long interval.
Answer: Aerobic training
Involves a single exercise that goes for an extended period of time withoutrest (most
common). It is beneficial for performance but doesn’t improve max VO2. Work for longer
than you perform. Long/slow distance work at an unformed intensity; 70% MHR i.e. cycling,
swimming and skiing.
Answer: Continuoustraining
Max VO2 measures how effective the heart and lung delivers oxygen to working
muscles: the submaximal test is used based on a period of submaximal period i.e beep test.
Answer: How to measure aerobic training affects
Continuous exercise interspersed with ‘sprints’ of varying distance
i.e.45 mins cycle w/ 10 reps of high-intensity spurtsfor 30-60 seconds.
Answer: Fartlek
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HSC PDHPE Sports Medicine ( Updated 2024 )
Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct

How are injuries classified and managed?
Answer: Focus Question 1
Ways to classify sports injuries
Answer:

direct
indirect
soft tissue
hard tissue
overuse

Soft tissue injuries
Answer:

tears, sprains, contusions
skin abrasions, lacerations, blisters
inflammatory response

Hard tissue injuries
Answer:

fractures
Dislocation

Assessment of injuries
Answer: TOTAPS
TOTAPS
Answer: Talk, Observe, Touch, Active and Passive movement, Skills test
How does sports medicine address the demands of specific athletes?
Answer: Focus Question 2
Children and young athletes
Answer:
medical conditions (asthma, diabetes, epilepsy)
overuse injuries (stress fractures)
thermoregulation
appropriateness of resistance training
Adult and aged athletes
Answer:
heart conditionsfractures/bone density
flexibility/joint mobility
Female athletes
Answer: eating disordersiron deficiency
bone densitypregnancy.
What role do preventative actions play in enhancing the wellbeing of theathlete?
Answer: Focus Question 3
Physical preparation
Answer:
pre-screening
skill and technique
physical fitness
warm up, stretching and cool down
Sports policy and the sports environment
Answer: rules of sports and activitiesmodified rules for children
matching of opponents, eg growth and development, skill leveluse of protective equipment
safe grounds, equipment and facilities
Environmental considerations
Answer: temperature regulation (convection, radiation,conduction, evaporation)
climatic conditions (temperature, humidity, wind, rain, altitude, pollution)guidelines for fluid
intake
acclimatization
Taping and bandaging
Answer:
preventative taping
taping for isolation of injury
bandaging for immediate treatment of injury
How is injury rehabilitation managed?
Answer: Focus Question 4
Rehabilitation Procedures
Answer: progressive mobilisation graduated exercise (stretching, conditioning, total body
fitness)training

use of heat and cold

Return to play
Answer: indicators of readiness for return to play (pain free, degree ofmobility)
monitoring progress (pre-test and post-test)psychological readiness
specific warm-up procedures
return to play policies and procedures
ethical considerations, eg pressure to participate, use of painkillers
Progressive mobilization
Answer: The gradual process oftreatmentfor an injury aimedat getting the athlete back to full
movement and strength.
Graduated exercise
Answer: Is the general active rehabilitation that occurs after swelling has subsided (usually 72
hours).Involves stretching, conditioning and totalbody fitness).
Training
Answer: The use of a well-structured training program to progressively increasethe demands on
the injured body part in preparation for return to play.
Use of heat and cold
Answer: The application of ice in the first 72 hours of injury to reduce swelling.The
application of heat after swelling subsides to get fresh blood tothe injured site to promote
tissue regrowth.
Indicators of readiness for return to play
Answer: Pain free.Full range of motion.
Return of strength. Minimal pain or swelling.
Functional retraining (effectively performing specific actions and motions from theirsport).
Mental confidence to perform.
Monitoring progress
Answer: Using pre- and post-tests to gauge recovery, e.g. therange of motion of an injured
ankle or knee.
Psychological readiness
Answer: The state of the athlete’s mind to return to play withconfidence.This may require the
help of a sports psychologist. E.g. an athlete who suffers a collision injury may be
apprehensive in returning to play and may requireassistance to regain their confidence to play.
Specific warm-up procedures
Answer: Particular exercises for the rehabilitated injurysite that are prescribed for athletes to
perform before play, e.g. the longer warm-upfor the hamstrings upon returning after a
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HSC PDHPE CORE 1 ( Updated 2024 )
Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct

Trendsfor the survival rates for Cancer:
Answer: Both males and females are increasing
What contributes to the poor health of Indigenous people?
Answer:
Social factors:e.g. dispossession, dislocation and discrimination. Disadvantages: e.g.
education, housing, income, employment.Physical environmental factors.
What is cardiovascular disease?
Answer: All the diseases and conditions of the heartand blood vessels.
Risk factors of Cardiovascular disease
Answer:
Non-modifiable:Age, Heredity, Gender
Modifiable: Smoking, High BP, high blood fats, overweight and obesity, lack of physical
exercise.
Protective FactorsforCardiovascular disease
Answer: Maintain healthy BP and BloodCholesterol, Healthy lifestyle choices(notsmoking,
food, physically activity, weight).
Trends/ Statistic of Cancer
Answer:

Lung cancer is the 2nd most common cause ofdeath for males and 4th for females.
Increase in overall cancer incidence.

What are the groups at risk of cancer?
Answer: Smokers, socio-economically disadvantaged, high-fat, low-fibre diet, family history,
fairskin,sun exposure, women whohave never given birth.
What is causing the ageing population to grow?
Answer:

Better technology
Living longer

What is community care?
Answer: A program to assist the elderly to manage dailyactivities within their home.
What is the private sector?
Answer: private hospitals, specialist doctors, private GPs,physiotherapy, dentistry, pharmacy,

chiropractic, radiology and many otherservices.

What is Medicare?
Answer: Allows simple and equitable access to all Australian citizens. Is designed to protect
people from costs of sickness. Provides free or subsidised medical care, free public hospital
treatments. Based on Universality, equityand simplicity.
5 Action areas of the Ottawa Charter
Answer:
Developing personal skills
Creating Supportive Environments
Strengthening community action
Reorienting health services
Building healthy public policy
Health status
Answer: Pattern of the general health of a population over time
Prevalence
Answer: The number of existing cases of diseases occurring in a population.
Incidence
Answer: The number of new cases of disease occurring in a population.
Observations/statistics gathered via epidemiology help:
Answer: Describe/com-pare the patterns of the health of groups, communities & populations
Identify health needs/allocate health-care resources
Evaluate health behaviours/strategies to control/prevent disease
Epidemiology uses statistics on:
Answer: Births, deaths, disease prevalance & incidence, hospital use
Mortality
Answer: Refers to the no. of deaths in a given pop. from a particular causeand/over a period of
time
Morbidity
Answer: The incidence/level of illness, disease or injury in a given pop
Life expectancy
Answer: The length of time a person can expect to live referring to theaverage no. of years of
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HSC PDHPE Core 2 ( Updated 2024 )
Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct

duration of ATP/PC system
Answer: 10-12 seconds
Maximum amount of weight a group of muscles can lift at one time
Answer: 1RM
Example of sport in which lactic energy system is dominant
Answer: 400m event
A term for the total amount of weight you can lift or resistance you canovercome regardless
of your body weight
Answer: absolute strength
When the body gets used to a level of exercise intensity
Answer: adaptation
a high energy compound that stores and transfers energy to body cells, allowing then to
perform their specialised functions.
Answer: adenosine triphosphate
process that requires oxygen
Answer: aerobic
Occurs in mitochondria (in muscle cells). Glucose (with oxygen) -> pyruvicacid -> acetylcoenzyme (acetyl-CoA)
Answer: Aerobic glycolysis – 1 (Aerobic system)
a level of exercise intensity that is sufficient to cause a training effect(approx 65% MHR)
Answer: Aerobic threshold
a level of intensity that causes the heart rate to be high enough to causesignificant
training gains
Answer: aerobic training zone
ATP broken down in muscle at same time phosphocreatine (PC) is brokendown
Answer: Alactacid system – ATP PC – 2
Amount of PC in muscles is limited – depleted after 5-10s maximal work.Restored after
2min rest
Answer: Alactacid system – PC – 3
the building blocks of proteins
Answer: amino acids
process that does not require oxygen
Answer: anaerobic
a process where glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen toproduce energy
Answer: anaerobic glycolysis
Maximum effort exerted over a short distance with extended rests to allowlactic acids to
disperse
Answer: anaerobic interval
a level ofintensity in physical activity where the accumulation oflactic acidincreases
quickly
Answer: anaerobic threshold
fear or apprehension in anticipation of confronting a situation percived tobe threatening
Answer: anxiety
Anxiety – emotional response to a threat Arousal – the emotional, mental or physiological
activation required to produce a response
Answer: Anxiety + arousal

identified by an emphasis on practice
Answer: associative stage
When ATP is broken down, body cells use the energy (broken down into
Answer:ADP + P + energy – adenosine diphosphate): ATP in the body – 3
No long series of chemical reactions no transportation of oxygen to muscles ATP & PC
stored in contractile muscle tissue
Answer: ATP PC – most readilyavailable – 4
anaerobic- 5-10 seconds of high intensity work (sprints weight lifting)
Answer: -ATP/PC
ability to automatically execute the skill
Answer: autonomous stage
A repetitive bouncing movement used to stretch the antagonist muscle group. Force by
agonist muscle group or gravity. More stress on muscle thanwith a static stretch.
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HSC PDHPE Preliminary ( Updated 2024 )
Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-veing and notmerely the
absence of disease of imfirmity
Answer: Definition of Health
Physical, Mental, Emotional, social and spiritual
Answer: Dimensions of health
The wellness of the body and the absence of chronic pain or discomfort
Answer: -Physical Health
The ability to interact with other people in an independent and cooperativeway
Answer: Social health
the state of mental well-being in which one can cope with the demands ofdaily life
Answer: Mental health
A sense of purpose and meaning in ourlife and to feel connected with othersand society
Answer: Spiritual health
Refers to how we judge our Heath compared to others or previous times inour lives
Answer: Relative Nature of Health
The constant fluctuations that occur in our level of health
Answer: Dynamic Natureof Health
Is subjective, may be judged due to previous experiences and must be looked at hostically
(social, mental, physical and spiritual wellbeing)
Answer: Perceptions of health of the Individual
The different ways people interpret living conditions, fitness levels and health behaviours
significantly shaped our notions of how health people reallyare
Answer: Perceptions of the Health of others
Individual levels and Policy level
Answer: Implications of different perceptions ofhealth
The perceptions of health of Australia is held by various governments andnon
governmental groups
Answer: Policy level
Concept that recognises that people have different views on their socialcircumstances and
ways of seeing, interpreting, interesting and interactingwith the environment
Answer: Social construct
Socio economic status, geographical location and cultural background
Answer: -Factors that influence the social construct
Improvements in life expentency rates, reduction of chronic diseases andreductions in
teen mortality
Answer: Positive health status of young people
Those health behaviours that are likely to enchanted a persons level ofhealth
Answer: Protective behaviours
Those behaviours that have been found to contribute to the developmentof health
problems or poorer levels of health
Answer: Risk behaviors
Practicing safe sex,seat belts, establishing healthy routines
Answer: Examples ofprotective behaviours
Skipping meals, binge drinking, unprotected sex, drinking and driving
Answer: Examples of risk behaviours
Individual factors,sociocultural factors,socio economic factors, environ-mental factors
Answer: Determinants of health
The KNOWLEDGE we have about health and the skills we posses to usethat
the ATTITUDES that we place in health and the importance of health GENETIC factors that
increase the likely hood we may experience certainhealth problems
Answer: individual factors
Family, peers, media, religion and cultural
Answer: Sociocultural factors
Income, education, resources,social support and healthy habits
Answer: Familyaffects
Acceptance and approval may have a positive or negative affect.These canchange a persons
behaviours attitudes and habits
Answer: Peer affects
May affect values,opinions, and knowledge.It has an subtle affect howeverit may be
overwhelming
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HSC PDHPE Sports Medicine MSPC ( Updated 2024 )
Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct

Sports Medicine
Answer: Prevention, assessment, treatment and rehabilitation of in-juries sustained in athletic
events
Direct Injuries
Answer: External force is applied to the body causing injury. Example, cricket batsman
developing a contusion on the shoulder by being struck on the armby the ball
Indirect Injuries
Answer: Caused by an internal force in the body.Example,soccer playerstraining ankle
Overuse Injuries
Answer: Caused by repetitive stress or strain on the body. Occur overtime.Example,Tennis
player develops tendinitis in elbow from too many backhands
HardTissue Injuries
Answer: Injuries to bones and teeth. Example, boxer breaks teethin match
Fracture
Answer: Crack, chip or break in the bone.Common in young children as theirbones are still
growing and can bend easier. All fractures require DRSABCD andRICER if soft tissue is
injured
Simple fracture
Answer: Bone is broken but does not pierce skin.
Compound fracture
Answer: Bone is broken and breaks surface of skin.
Complicated fracture
Answer: Bone is broken and causes internal damage.
Management of fracture
Answer:

Control bleeding
-Identify type of fracture
-Immobilise with broad bandages
-Ensure bandages do not cut of circulation
-Call medical assistance

Tooth Injury management
Answer:
-Locate tooth
-Rinse in person’s saliva/milk
-Reinsert tooth holding the crown of the tooth, or –Store in milk until reaching adentist
Dislocation
Answer:
-Bone has been removed from its joint structure.
-Symptoms include pain, swelling, limited movement, deformity, bruising
Management of dislocation
Answer:
-Support in comfortable position
-Do not attempt to relocate
-Sling dislocation
-Apply RICER to reduce swelling if possible
-Seek medical advice
Management of HardTissue Injuries
Answer: Immobilise the joint using a bandageand splint/sling to prevent further movement
that could cause injury.
Medical attention
SoftTissue Injuries
Answer: Occur in muscles, tendons, ligaments as well as the skin.Example, Sprinter strains
their hamstring in push-off
Strain
Answer: Aka tear, when muscle fibres/tendons fail to cope with demands placedon them
Sprain
Answer: Damage to ligament (holds muscle to bone)
Contusion
Answer: Caused by a collision with another person or object; causes localmuscle damage and
bleeding
Abrasion
Answer: Occurs when surface layers of skin have been broken
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HSC PDHPE SYLLABUS ( Updated 2024 )
Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct

CORE ONE
Answer: HEALTH IN AUSTRALIA
CQ1a measuring health status
Answer:

role of epidemiology
measures of epidemiology

CQ1b identifying priority health issues
Answer:

social justice principles (EDS)
priority population groups
prevalence of condition
potential for prevention and early intervention
costs to individual and community

CQ2a groups experiencing health inequities
Answer:

ATSI
the elderly
(nature + extent, sociocultural/economic/environ, role of individs, comms, gov)

CQ2b high levels of preventable chronic disease, injury, and mental healthproblems
Answer:

cardiovascular disease
cancer (skin, breast, lung)
diabetes

CQ2c a growing and ageing population
Answer:

healthy ageing
increased population living with a chronic disease and disability
demand for health services and workforce shortages
availability of carers and volunteers

CQ3a health care in Australia
Answer:

range and types of health facilities and services
responsibility for health facilities and services
equity and access to health facilities and services
health care expenditure vs expenditure on early intervention and prevention
impact of emerging new treatments and technologies on health care, eg; cost andaccess,
benefits of early detection
health insurance: medicare and private

CQ3b complementary and alternative health care approaches
Answer:

reasons forgrowth of complementary and alternative health products and services
range of products and services available
how to make informed consumer choices

CQ4a health promotion based on the five action areas of the ottawa charter
Answer:

levels of responsibility for health promotion
the benefits of partnershipsin health promotion (gov sector/non gov agencies/localcomm)
how health promotion based on the ottawa charter promotes social justice
the ottawa charter in action

CORETWO
Answer: factors affecting performance
CQ1a energy systems/pathways
Answer:

alactacid system (ATP/PC)
lactic acid system
areobic system

CQ1b types of training and training methods
Answer:

areobic (continuous, fartlek,areobic/long interval, circuit)
anaerobic (anaerobic interval)
flexibility (static, ballistic, pnf, dynamic)
strength (free/fixed weights, elastic, hydraulic)

CQ1c principles of training
Answer:

progressive overload
specificity
reversibility
variety
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HSC PDHPE ( UPDATED 2024 )
COMPLETE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (SOLVED) 100% CORRECT

Uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal body cells
Answer: Cancer
Most common cancer related death in women- Affects 1 in 5
Answer: Breast Cancer
Leading cancer death in men, increasing in women, 10% of cases arenon-smokers
Answer: Lung Cancer
Australia has highest rates in the world and the incidence has quadrupledin 20 years.
Answer: Skin Cancer
Caused 35% of deaths in 2005 & is the leading cause of disability
Answer: CVD
90% of all cases are type 2 & increasing incidence
Answer: Diabetes
The body is unable to produce or effectively use insulin, which controls the blood glucose
levels in the bloodstream
Answer: Diabetes
Activities & Lifestyle behaviours aiming to decrease the risk of illness, injuryand disease, and
to increase mental, emotional and physical health during the ageing process, ensuring a good
quality of life.
Answer: Healthy Ageing
Account for 80% of the total disease burden within Australia
Answer: Chronic Dis-ease
Any person who provides assistance in a paid role to an ill, aged ordisabled person.
Answer: Carer
Gives up their time to care for someone in an unpaid role.
Answer: Volunteer
In 2001, there were 57 “..” per 100 people aged 65+ with a severe disability.By 2031, this
is expected to drop to 35 per 100.
Answer: Carer
Public & Private Hospitals, Nursing Home, Psychiatric Hospitals, AcuteCare Hospitals
Answer: Institutionalised Services
GP’s,Pharmacy,Dentist,Physio,Radiology,Optometry etc
Answer: Non- Institutionalised Services
Entitles benefits for a range of complementary and alternative healththerapies and
services.
Answer: Private Hospital- Ancillary Cover
Covers all or part of accomodation, choice of doctor,shorter waiting listetc
Answer: Private Hospital- Hospital Cover
Designed to prevent people from incurring huge medical costs
Answer: Medicare
Refers to health related treatments that typically fall outside of traditionalwestern medical
tradition
Complementary- Used together with conventional HC
Alternative- Used in place of conventional HC
Answer: Complementary and Alternative
Health Care
Supportsthe personal and social development of individuals by providinginformation,
education and enhancing life skills.
Answer: Developing Personal Skills
Encourages a shared responsibility in caring for each other, our communities and our
environment
Answer: Creating Supportive Environments
Reorienting Health Services towards promotion of health, in a directionbeyond clinical
and curative services.
Answer: Reorienting Health Services
Developing policies that foster equity, ensure safe and healthy services,provide clean and
enjoyable environments and that make healthy choices easier
Answer: Building Healthy Public Policy
Ensuring communities have ownership & control, particularly in the process of decision
making, planning, prioritising and implementing.
Answer: -Strengthening Community Action
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HSC PDHPE- Health Priorities in Australia ( Updated 2024 )
Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct

critical questions (4)
Answer:
1- how are priority issues for Australia’s health identified?
2-what are the priority issues for improving Australia’s health?
3- what role do health care facilities and services play in achieving better health forall
Australian’s?
4- what actions are needed to address Australia’s health priorities?
1- Role of epidemiology
Answer:
-the study of rate, pattern and prevalence disease,illness and injury among a population and its
sub groups.
-gathered through hospital and GP use, surveys, health professionals
-used by governments, NGO’s, community groups and general population
-used to identify health priorities, allocate resources and guide decision making-programs,
heath care, hospitals, promotion and education
Limitation of epidemiology
Answer:
-does not accurately measure quality of life
-socioeconomic, socio-cultural, environmental determinants are not considered
-does not account for health variations in sub-groups

does not explain the why in inequities

what are the measures of epidemiology?
Answer: morbidity-mortalityinfant mortality -life expectancy-
-cause from concern on male mental health issues, prevalence of cancer, poorhealth
behaviours, physical inactivity, unhealthy consumption and lifestyle
what are current concerns of Australian health?
Answer:
-heart disease
-dementia and Alzheimers
-cerebrovascular conditions
-overweight or obesity
-diabetes
-cancers
-mental heath
identifying priority health issues – what does it allow governments to do?what do they use
the information for?
Answer:
-priorities in matters of health allow for allocation of sufficient resources and funding of
programs that require the most attention
-works towards minimising gap between health of Australians and disadvantagedsub-groups
-determines the BURDEN of the health issue to the community and population, itssolution to
reduce BURDEN
identify the priority health issues
Answer:
-social justice principles
-priority population groups
-prevalence of the condition
-potential for early intervention and prevention
-costs to the individual and community
social justice principles (3)
Answer:
-equity
-diversity
-supportive environments
equity – how is this achieved, how does it assist those priority groups?
Answer:
-isachieved through allocating adequate resources and funding to priority groups or
communities with a low socioeconomic status
-assists people in leveling health status
-eg; GP’s bulk billing to all communities and providing services to rural and disadvantaged
areas
diversity – how is diversity addressed?
Answer:
-addressing the diversity exists withinAustralia and some cultures are more disadvantaged than
others
-providing sufficient health care services and facilities that accommodate for alldiversities.
-bringing community involvement and reducing hostilities
supportive environments – what does this entitle Australian’s to?
Answer:
-all Australians have the right to obtain adequate health and accessibility to health servicesthat
are provided for all aspects of well-being
-this is achieved through cost, accessibility and ease of access

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