A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about strategies to prevent hypertension. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A.
“I should consume fish once per week.”
B.
“With a BMI of 30, I should focus on maintaining my current weight.”
C.
“I should consume no more than 2,000 milligrams of sodium per day.”
D.
“I should exercise for 30 minutes three times per week.”
The Correct answer and Explanation is: The correct answer is:
C. “I should consume no more than 2,000 milligrams of sodium per day.”
Explanation:
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes. Preventing hypertension involves adopting several lifestyle changes, which include dietary adjustments, weight management, regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption.
Answer C is correct because reducing sodium intake is one of the most effective dietary strategies for preventing hypertension. Excessive sodium consumption contributes to increased blood pressure by causing the body to retain more water, which increases blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure. The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends that individuals consume no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day, with an ideal limit of 1,500 milligrams for most adults, particularly those at risk for hypertension. Thus, the client’s statement reflects an accurate understanding of this recommendation.
Answer A suggests that consuming fish once per week is sufficient to prevent hypertension. While consuming fish, especially fatty fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, is beneficial for heart health, the frequency mentioned here is less impactful in directly preventing hypertension compared to other strategies such as sodium reduction.
Answer B indicates that maintaining a BMI of 30 is appropriate. However, a BMI of 30 falls within the obesity range, which is a significant risk factor for hypertension. Weight reduction, not maintenance, is typically recommended to lower blood pressure in individuals who are overweight or obese.
Answer D mentions exercising for 30 minutes three times per week, which is a positive step toward reducing blood pressure. However, current guidelines suggest that individuals should engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise each week, such as 30 minutes most days of the week (5 times per week), for optimal cardiovascular health and blood pressure control.
In summary, the client’s understanding that sodium intake should be limited to 2,000 milligrams per day (option C) is a critical component of preventing hypertension. Lowering sodium intake is one of the most evidence-based and recommended strategies for reducing the risk of developing high blood pressure.