A nurse is assessing an older adult client. Which of the following should the nurse identify as an expected physiological change associated with aging?
A.
Increased sensitivity to touch.
B.
Decreased peripheral circulation.
C.
Decreased airway resistance.
D.
Increased appetite.
The Correct answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer: B. Decreased peripheral circulation.
As people age, the body undergoes various physiological changes that affect multiple organ systems. One such change is decreased peripheral circulation, which is a common and expected outcome of the aging process. This reduction in circulation is primarily due to the gradual narrowing and stiffening of blood vessels, a condition known as arteriosclerosis. With age, the walls of arteries lose their elasticity and become thicker, leading to reduced blood flow to the extremities. This decreased blood flow can manifest as cooler hands and feet, slower healing of wounds, and an increased risk of pressure ulcers in older adults.
In contrast, the other options provided do not represent typical physiological changes associated with aging:
- A. Increased sensitivity to touch: Aging typically leads to a decrease in tactile sensitivity rather than an increase. Older adults often experience a decline in their sense of touch due to a reduction in the number of sensory receptors and nerve conduction speed.
- C. Decreased airway resistance: Aging usually results in increased airway resistance rather than decreased. The elasticity of lung tissues diminishes, and the chest wall stiffens, making it harder to breathe and reducing the efficiency of gas exchange.
- D. Increased appetite: It is more common for older adults to experience a decrease in appetite rather than an increase. This change can be attributed to factors such as reduced metabolic rate, altered taste and smell, dental issues, and changes in digestive function.
In summary, decreased peripheral circulation is an expected physiological change in older adults due to the natural aging of the cardiovascular system. It is important for nurses to recognize and monitor these changes to provide appropriate care and prevent complications associated with poor circulation, such as delayed wound healing and increased susceptibility to skin breakdown. Understanding these normal aging processes helps nurses differentiate between expected changes and pathological conditions that may require intervention.