A nurse is educating a group of elderly patients about osteoarthritis.
Which statement by the nurse accurately explains a risk factor associated with osteoarthritis?
A “Osteoarthritis is more common in older individuals due to genetic factors.”
B “Excessive weight puts additional stress on the joints, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis.”
C “Osteoarthritis is primarily caused by trauma to the joints, such as fractures.”
D “The exact cause of osteoarthritis is unknown, making it difficult to prevent.”
The Correct answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is B: “Excessive weight puts additional stress on the joints, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis.”
Explanation:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, which leads to pain, swelling, and reduced motion in the affected joints. Understanding the risk factors associated with osteoarthritis is crucial for effective patient education, particularly for elderly individuals who are at a higher risk.
1. Excessive Weight and Joint Stress: Excessive body weight is a well-documented risk factor for osteoarthritis. The joints, especially those in the lower body such as the knees and hips, bear the weight of the body during daily activities. Increased body mass places additional stress on these weight-bearing joints. Over time, this added pressure can accelerate the wear and tear of the cartilage, leading to osteoarthritis. Research has shown that even a modest weight loss can reduce the symptoms of OA and slow its progression. Therefore, weight management is a key preventive measure in managing osteoarthritis.
2. Genetic Factors: While genetic predisposition can play a role in osteoarthritis, it is not the primary factor in its development. Certain genetic factors may make individuals more susceptible to the disease, but aging and mechanical stressors are more significant contributors. Thus, stating that OA is “more common in older individuals due to genetic factors” oversimplifies the risk profile.
3. Trauma and OA: Although joint trauma, such as fractures, can lead to osteoarthritis, it is not the primary cause for the majority of cases. Trauma can contribute to the development of OA, especially if it results in joint misalignment or damage, but the primary risk factors are related to aging and mechanical stress rather than isolated incidents of joint injury.
4. Uncertainty of Cause: It is incorrect to claim that “the exact cause of osteoarthritis is unknown,” as we have a clear understanding of the primary risk factors, including age, obesity, joint injuries, and repetitive stress. While the exact mechanism of cartilage degeneration is complex, the main risk factors are well-established.
In summary, excessive weight significantly contributes to the risk of developing osteoarthritis by increasing the mechanical load on the joints, leading to accelerated cartilage breakdown. Weight management and lifestyle modifications are essential strategies for mitigating the risk of osteoarthritis.