Which of the following are the two major parts of the nervous system?
A.
Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system.
B.
Peripheral nervous system and somatic nervous system
C.
Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system.
D.
Autonomic nervous system and central nervous system.
The Correct answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is C. Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system.
Explanation:
The nervous system is a complex network of cells and fibers that coordinates the body’s actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of the body. It is broadly divided into two major parts: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
- Central Nervous System (CNS): The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord. It serves as the main control center of the body. The brain is responsible for processing and interpreting sensory information, making decisions, and issuing commands. It controls higher cognitive functions such as reasoning, emotions, and memory. The spinal cord, which extends from the brainstem down the vertebral column, acts as a conduit for signals traveling between the brain and the rest of the body. It also coordinates reflexes and other automatic responses.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): The PNS encompasses all the nerves outside the CNS. It is divided into two main systems: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements by innervating skeletal muscles and conveying sensory information from the skin and muscles to the CNS. On the other hand, the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary physiological functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. It is further divided into the sympathetic nervous system (which prepares the body for ‘fight or flight’ responses) and the parasympathetic nervous system (which promotes ‘rest and digest’ activities).
Together, the CNS and PNS work in harmony to maintain homeostasis, respond to external stimuli, and execute voluntary and involuntary bodily functions. Understanding these two major parts is crucial for comprehending how the nervous system orchestrates complex physiological processes and behavioral responses.