A nurse is assessing a client after administering epinephrine for an anaphylactic reaction. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of this medication?
A.
Hypotension
B.
Report of tinnitus
C.
Report of chest pain
D.
Ecchymosis
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is C. Report of chest pain.
Explanation
Epinephrine, commonly administered in cases of anaphylaxis, is a potent medication that acts as a sympathomimetic agent. It works by stimulating alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, which helps to counteract the severe allergic reaction. Despite its critical role in reversing anaphylaxis, epinephrine can have several adverse effects, some of which are important to monitor for.
- Chest Pain: Epinephrine can cause a range of cardiovascular effects due to its action on beta-adrenergic receptors. It increases heart rate and contractility, which can lead to increased myocardial oxygen demand. This heightened demand can sometimes cause or exacerbate chest pain, particularly in individuals with preexisting heart conditions. Additionally, the vasoconstriction effects of epinephrine can increase blood pressure, further straining the heart. Thus, a report of chest pain following the administration of epinephrine is a significant adverse effect that needs prompt evaluation to rule out any potential ischemic complications.
- Hypotension: While hypotension might seem like a potential adverse effect, epinephrine is actually used to counteract hypotension during anaphylaxis by causing vasoconstriction. It increases systemic vascular resistance, which helps elevate blood pressure. Therefore, hypotension is not typically a direct adverse effect of epinephrine administration.
- Tinnitus: Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is not commonly associated with epinephrine use. It could be related to other factors, such as anxiety or stress, rather than a direct effect of the medication.
- Ecchymosis: Ecchymosis, or bruising, is not a known adverse effect of epinephrine. Bruising could result from other issues, such as a bleeding disorder or trauma, rather than the medication itself.
In summary, while epinephrine is crucial for treating anaphylactic reactions, it can lead to cardiovascular side effects, with chest pain being a notable adverse effect. This necessitates careful monitoring and follow-up to ensure the client’s safety.