A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic pain about avoiding constipation from opioid medications.
Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
A.
Decrease insoluble fiber intake.
B.
Increase exercise
C.
Reduce water intake
D.
take a laxative every day
The Correct answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is B. Increase exercise.
Explanation:
Opioid medications are commonly prescribed for chronic pain, but one of their significant side effects is constipation. This occurs because opioids slow down gastrointestinal motility, leading to decreased bowel movements. To manage and prevent constipation associated with opioid use, several strategies can be employed.
- Increase Exercise: Increasing physical activity is one of the most effective ways to prevent constipation. Exercise stimulates peristalsis—the wave-like contractions in the intestines that move stool through the digestive tract. Regular physical activity can help counteract the slowing effects of opioids on the digestive system, thereby promoting regular bowel movements. This can include activities like walking, swimming, or even light aerobics, depending on the client’s overall health and ability.
- Dietary Fiber Intake: Contrary to option A, increasing, not decreasing, insoluble fiber intake is beneficial. Insoluble fiber adds bulk to the stool and helps it pass more easily through the intestines. Foods high in insoluble fiber include whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. This helps to counteract the constipation effects of opioids by improving bowel movement frequency and consistency.
- Water Intake: Option C, reducing water intake, is incorrect. Adequate hydration is crucial for preventing constipation. Water helps to soften the stool and supports the function of dietary fiber. Reducing water intake can exacerbate constipation, making it more difficult for the intestines to move stool.
- Laxatives: Option D, taking a laxative every day, is generally not recommended as a first-line strategy for managing opioid-induced constipation. While laxatives can be helpful, overuse can lead to dependency or worsen bowel function over time. It is usually better to use laxatives as an adjunct to lifestyle changes and dietary adjustments rather than a daily routine.
In summary, increasing exercise is a practical approach to managing constipation caused by opioid medications. This strategy, combined with adequate fiber intake and hydration, can help maintain bowel regularity and alleviate discomfort.