Which is associated with bulimia nervosa?
A.
Very low BMI
B.
Decreased size of parotid glands
C.
Calluses on the hands and fingers (Russell’s sign)
D.
Fluid and electrolyte overload
The Correct answer and Explanation is:
C. Calluses on the hands and fingers (Russell’s sign)
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, or the misuse of laxatives and diuretics. One of the notable physical signs associated with bulimia nervosa is the development of calluses on the hands and fingers, often referred to as Russell’s sign. This occurs due to the repeated self-induced vomiting, where individuals use their fingers to induce gagging and vomiting. The frequent friction and pressure on the hands from this behavior can cause thickened, calloused skin.
Explanation:
Russell’s Sign (Calluses on the Hands and Fingers): Russell’s sign is a distinctive physical manifestation found in individuals with bulimia nervosa who frequently engage in self-induced vomiting. The repeated trauma to the skin from inducing vomiting results in calluses or abrasions on the knuckles or fingers. This is a telltale sign that healthcare professionals look for when assessing someone who may be struggling with bulimia.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
- A. Very Low BMI: While some individuals with bulimia nervosa may have a low BMI due to purging behaviors and restricted eating, bulimia nervosa is not solely characterized by a very low BMI. Many individuals with bulimia maintain a normal or even slightly above-average weight. Thus, a very low BMI is not a defining feature of bulimia nervosa and is not necessarily associated with the disorder.
- B. Decreased Size of Parotid Glands: Bulimia nervosa is more commonly associated with an increase in the size of the parotid glands, not a decrease. Repeated vomiting can cause swelling of these glands, known as parotid gland hypertrophy. This occurs due to the excessive stimulation of the glands from frequent vomiting.
- D. Fluid and Electrolyte Overload: Fluid and electrolyte imbalance is a concern in bulimia nervosa, particularly due to vomiting or laxative abuse leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. However, this is not a distinctive or diagnostic physical sign like Russell’s sign. Fluid and electrolyte issues are a consequence of the purging behaviors rather than a direct physical manifestation.
In summary, Russell’s sign (calluses on the hands and fingers) is a specific and recognizable physical feature associated with bulimia nervosa due to the repeated trauma from self-induced vomiting.