A nurse is educating a group of individuals about HIV transmission. Which of the following modes of transmission is the main route for HIV to be passed from an infected person to an uninfected person?
A Sharing injection equipment.
B Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy.
C Unprotected sexual intercourse.
D Occupational exposure to infected blood.
E Blood transfusion from an infected donor.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The main route for HIV transmission from an infected person to an uninfected person is:
C. Unprotected sexual intercourse
Explanation:
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is primarily transmitted through specific body fluids: blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk. Among the various modes of transmission, unprotected sexual intercourse is the most common route through which HIV is spread. Here’s a detailed breakdown of why unprotected sexual intercourse is the main route:
- High-Risk Behavior: Unprotected sexual intercourse, particularly without the use of condoms, exposes mucous membranes to potentially infected fluids. The virus can enter the body through small tears or abrasions in the genital or rectal tissues. This makes it the most frequent mode of transmission, given the global prevalence of sexual activity and the variability in protective measures.
- Prevalence of Sexual Activity: Unlike other modes of transmission, sexual activity is universal and occurs across all demographic groups. The high frequency of sexual interactions and the potential for multiple partners increase the risk of HIV transmission significantly.
- Global Statistics: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and other health agencies, the majority of new HIV infections worldwide are attributed to sexual transmission. This statistic underscores the significance of unprotected sexual intercourse in the global HIV epidemic.
- Comparison with Other Modes: While other modes such as sharing injection equipment (A), mother-to-child transmission (B), occupational exposure to infected blood (D), and blood transfusion from an infected donor (E) are significant, they are less common. Sharing injection equipment is a notable route but affects a smaller, more specific group of individuals. Mother-to-child transmission is preventable with appropriate medical interventions. Occupational exposure and blood transfusions have become rare due to stringent screening and safety protocols.
In conclusion, unprotected sexual intercourse is the primary mode of HIV transmission due to its high frequency and the nature of viral exposure. Effective prevention strategies include practicing safe sex, using condoms, and ensuring regular HIV testing and treatment.