Which of the following are the two major parts of the nervous system?
A.
Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system.
B.
Peripheral nervous system and somatic nervous system.
C.
Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system.
D.
Autonomic nervous system and central nervous system.
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is:
C. Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system.
Explanation:
The nervous system is a complex network that coordinates and regulates bodily functions and responses to stimuli. It is divided into two major parts: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
- Central Nervous System (CNS):
- The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. It serves as the primary control center for processing and interpreting sensory information, and it issues instructions for bodily responses.
- The brain is responsible for higher functions such as thinking, memory, and emotions, as well as controlling motor activities and regulating vital functions.
- The spinal cord acts as a major conduit for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. It also coordinates reflexes.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
- The PNS includes all the nerves and ganglia outside the CNS. It is further divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
- The Somatic Nervous System controls voluntary movements and relays sensory information from the skin, muscles, and joints to the CNS. It includes motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles.
- The Autonomic Nervous System regulates involuntary physiological functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. It operates automatically and is subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which work in opposition to maintain homeostasis.
Together, the CNS and PNS work in concert to ensure that the body responds appropriately to internal and external stimuli, maintains homeostasis, and performs complex tasks.