A nurse is caring for a 68-kg (150-lb) client who has dehydration. Which of the following manifestations is an indication of effective treatment?
A.
Urine specific gravity 1.005 to 1.030
B.
Decreased pulse pressure
C.
Lightheadedness
D.
Urine output 75 mL in 1 hr
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Correct Answer: A. Urine specific gravity 1.005 to 1.030
Explanation:
When treating dehydration, monitoring various indicators helps assess the effectiveness of treatment. In this context, the urine specific gravity is a key measure. Let’s break down why Option A, which suggests that a urine specific gravity of 1.005 to 1.030 indicates effective treatment, is the correct choice.
- Urine Specific Gravity (Option A): Urine specific gravity measures the concentration of solutes in urine and reflects the kidney’s ability to concentrate or dilute urine. Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.005 to 1.030. In a dehydrated patient, the urine is often more concentrated due to higher solute concentration, leading to a higher specific gravity, typically greater than 1.030. Effective treatment for dehydration often results in a urine specific gravity within the normal range, indicating improved hydration status and adequate kidney function. Therefore, achieving a urine specific gravity within the normal range (1.005 to 1.030) is a positive sign of effective treatment for dehydration.
- Decreased Pulse Pressure (Option B): Pulse pressure, the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, may decrease in response to dehydration due to reduced blood volume. While it can be an indicator of fluid status, decreased pulse pressure alone is not a definitive measure of effective treatment for dehydration. Effective treatment would ideally restore normal blood volume and pressure.
- Lightheadedness (Option C): Lightheadedness is a symptom of dehydration and poor fluid balance. It does not indicate effective treatment. Ideally, effective treatment should alleviate such symptoms as hydration improves.
- Urine Output 75 mL in 1 hr (Option D): Adequate urine output is crucial for evaluating hydration status. However, the value of 75 mL in one hour might be insufficient for a client with dehydration, especially if their intake has been increased. A higher urine output typically signifies improved hydration status, but the rate needs to be evaluated in the context of the client’s total fluid intake and needs.
In summary, the urine specific gravity is the best indicator among the given options for assessing effective treatment of dehydration, as it directly reflects changes in hydration status and kidney function.