A nurse is caring for a client who has hyperparathyroidism. Based on this diagnosis, the nurse should monitor the client for which of the following complications?
A.
Dysphagia
B.
Pathologic fractures
C.
Fluid retention
D.
Impaired skin integrity
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is B. Pathologic fractures.
Explanation:
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands produce excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the body, and its overproduction leads to several systemic effects.
- Pathologic Fractures: One of the most significant complications of hyperparathyroidism is bone demineralization. Elevated levels of PTH increase calcium release from bones into the bloodstream, which weakens the bone structure and makes it more susceptible to fractures. This condition, known as osteitis fibrosa cystica, is characterized by the formation of cystic bone lesions and increased risk of pathologic fractures. Therefore, monitoring for pathologic fractures is crucial in clients with hyperparathyroidism.
- Dysphagia: Although hyperparathyroidism can cause a range of symptoms, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is not a direct or common complication of this condition. It is more likely associated with other conditions such as esophageal disorders or neurological issues.
- Fluid Retention: Hyperparathyroidism is generally not associated with fluid retention. Instead, it often leads to symptoms like dehydration or polyuria due to increased calcium levels affecting renal function.
- Impaired Skin Integrity: While skin changes can occur in various systemic conditions, impaired skin integrity is not a primary concern directly linked to hyperparathyroidism. This issue is more frequently associated with conditions affecting the skin directly or those causing malnutrition and immobility.
In summary, pathologic fractures are a significant and direct complication of hyperparathyroidism due to the condition’s impact on bone health. Therefore, it is essential for healthcare providers to monitor for signs of fractures and other related bone issues in clients with this condition.