A nurse is caring for a client who is on bed rest.
The nurse should recognize that which of the following findings is a complication of immobility?
A.
Swollen area on calf.
B.
Increased blood pressure.
C.
Decreased serum calcium levels.
D.
Urinary frequency.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is A. Swollen area on calf.
Explanation:
Immobility, or prolonged bed rest, can lead to a range of complications, many of which affect the circulatory and musculoskeletal systems. One significant complication associated with immobility is deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is often indicated by a swollen area on the calf. DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs, due to reduced blood flow caused by prolonged inactivity.
1. Pathophysiology of DVT: When a person is immobile for extended periods, the lack of movement reduces the muscle contractions in the legs, which are essential for promoting venous return. This decreased venous return can lead to blood pooling in the veins, increasing the risk of clot formation. The clot can cause inflammation and swelling in the affected leg, typically presenting as redness, warmth, and swelling of the calf.
2. Clinical Significance: Identifying and managing DVT promptly is crucial because if the clot dislodges, it can travel to the lungs and cause a potentially life-threatening condition known as a pulmonary embolism (PE). The swollen area on the calf is an early warning sign that requires further investigation and intervention to prevent serious complications.
3. Other Options:
- B. Increased blood pressure: While immobility can contribute to cardiovascular deconditioning, it is not directly linked to increased blood pressure. However, immobility can lead to other cardiovascular issues, such as orthostatic hypotension.
- C. Decreased serum calcium levels: Immobility is more commonly associated with increased serum calcium levels due to bone demineralization, not decreased levels.
- D. Urinary frequency: Immobility is more likely to cause urinary stasis and infection rather than increased frequency. Prolonged bed rest can lead to difficulties in bladder emptying and increased risk of urinary tract infections.
In summary, a swollen area on the calf is a critical sign of potential DVT, making it the most relevant complication of immobility among the options provided.