Which of the following describes a genetic mutation that results in uncontrolled division of a single cell within the body?
A.
Cancer
B.
Gene therapy
C.
Stem cell
D.
Translation
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is A. Cancer.
Explanation:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells within the body. This uncontrolled cell division occurs due to genetic mutations in a single cell. Normally, cells follow a regulated cycle of growth, division, and death, ensuring that tissues and organs maintain their structure and function. However, when genetic mutations affect the genes that control these processes, cells can begin to divide uncontrollably, leading to the formation of tumors or cancer.
Genetic Mutations: Cancer typically starts with a mutation in the DNA of a single cell. These mutations can be caused by various factors, including environmental exposures (e.g., smoking, radiation), inherited genetic factors, or random errors during cell division. Mutations may affect genes that regulate cell growth and division, repair damaged DNA, or control programmed cell death (apoptosis).
Types of Cancer: There are many different types of cancer, each associated with specific mutations and cellular behaviors. For example, mutations in genes like TP53, BRCA1, or KRAS are known to contribute to various forms of cancer.
Gene Therapy: This is a different concept, focusing on introducing, removing, or altering genetic material within a person’s cells to treat or prevent disease. It aims to correct or replace faulty genes rather than causing uncontrolled cell division.
Stem Cells: These are undifferentiated cells with the potential to develop into different cell types. They are not inherently cancerous but can be involved in cancer research or treatment due to their ability to regenerate tissues.
Translation: This term relates to the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA (messenger RNA) and is not directly associated with the uncontrolled cell division characteristic of cancer.
In summary, cancer is defined by the uncontrolled growth and division of cells due to genetic mutations, leading to potentially serious health conditions.